Heart rate and the rate of oxygen consumption of flying and walking barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) and bar-headed geese (Anser indicus)

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (21) ◽  
pp. 3347-3356 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ward ◽  
C. M. Bishop ◽  
A. J. Woakes ◽  
P. J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Barnacle Geese ◽  
Branta Leucopsis ◽  
Anser Indicus ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYWe tested the hypotheses that the relationship between heart rate(fH) and the rate of oxygen consumption(V̇O2) differs between walking and flying in geese and that fH and V̇O2 have a U-shaped relationship with flight speed. We trained barnacle geese Branta leucopsis (mean mass 2.1 kg) and bar-headed geese Anser indicus(mean mass 2.6 kg) to walk inside a respirometer on a treadmill and to fly in a wind tunnel with a respirometry mask at a range of speeds. We measured fH and V̇O2simultaneously during walking on the treadmill in five individuals of each species and in one bar-headed goose and four barnacle geese during flight in the wind tunnel. The relationships between fH and V̇O2 were significantly different between flying and walking. V̇O2 was higher,and the increment in V̇O2 for a given increase in fH was greater, for flying than for walking geese. The relationship between fH and V̇O2 of free-living barnacle geese during their natural migratory flights must differ from that measured in the wind tunnel, since the fH of wild migratory birds corresponds to values of V̇O2 that are unrealistically low when using the calibration relationship for our captive birds. Neither fH nor V̇O2 varied with flight velocity across the range of speeds over which the geese would fly sustainably.

Heart rate as an indicator of oxygen consumption: influence of body condition in the king penguin

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (12) ◽  
pp. 2133-2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Froget ◽  
P. J. Butler ◽  
Y. Handrich ◽  
A. J. Woakes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Oxygen Pulse ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY The use of heart rate to estimate field metabolic rate has become a more widely used technique. However, this method also has some limitations, among which is the possible impact that several variables such as sex, body condition (i.e. body fat stores) and/or inactivity might have on the relationship between heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption. In the present study, we investigate the extent to which body condition can affect the use of heart rate as an indicator of the rate of oxygen consumption. Twenty-two breeding king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) were exercised on a variable-speed treadmill. These birds were allocated to four groups according to their sex and whether or not they had been fasting. Linear regression equations were used to describe the relationship between heart rate and the rate of oxygen consumption for each group. There were significant differences between the regression equations for the four groups. Good relationships were obtained between resting and active oxygen pulses and an index of the body condition of the birds. Validation experiments on six courting king penguins showed that the use of a combination of resting oxygen pulse and active oxygen pulse gave the best estimate of the rate of oxygen consumption V̇O2. The mean percentage error between predicted and measured V̇O2 was only +0.81% for the six birds. We conclude that heart rate can be used to estimate rate of oxygen consumption in free-ranging king penguins even over a small time scale (30min). However, (i) the type of activity of the bird must be known and (ii) the body condition of the bird must be accurately determined. More investigations on the impact of fasting and/or inactivity on this relationship are required to refine these estimates further.

The heart rate/oxygen consumption relationship during cold exposure of the king penguin: a comparison with that during exercise

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (16) ◽  
pp. 2511-2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Froget ◽  
Y. Handrich ◽  
Y. Le Maho ◽  
J.-L. Rouanet ◽  
A. J. Woakes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

SUMMARY This study investigated whether exposure to low ambient temperature could be used as an alternative to exercise for calibrating heart rate (fH)against rate of oxygen consumption(V̇O2) for subsequent use of fH to estimate V̇O2 in free-ranging animals. Using the relationship between the oxygen pulse (OP, the amount of oxygen used per heart beat) and an index of body condition (or nutritional index, NI), a relationship between fH and V̇O2 was established for resting king penguins exposed to a variety of environmental temperatures. Although there was a small but significant increase in the OP above and below the lower critical temperature (-4.9°C), there was no difference in the relationship obtained between the OP and body condition (NI)obtained above or below the lower critical temperature. These results were then compared with those obtained in a previous study in which the relationship between fH and V̇O2 had been established for king penguins during steady-state exercise. The relationship between OP and NI in the present study was not significantly different from the relationship between resting OP and NI in the previous study. However, the relationship was different from that between active OP and NI. We conclude that, at least for king penguins, although thermoregulation does not affect the relationship between resting OP and NI, temperature cannot be used as an alternative to exercise for calibrating fH against V̇O2 for subsequent use of fH to estimate V̇O2 in free-ranging animals.

Heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption of exercising macaroni penguins

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Green ◽  
P.J. Butler ◽  
A.J. Woakes ◽  
I.L. Boyd ◽  
R.L. Holder
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Treadmill Speed ◽  
Eudyptes Chrysolophus ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship

Twenty-four macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) from three groups, breeding males (N=9), breeding females (N=9) and moulting females (N=6), were exercised on a variable-speed treadmill. Heart rate (fH) and mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption (sVO2) were recorded from the animals, and both fh and sVO2 were found to increase linearly with increasing treadmill speed. A linear regression equation described the relationship between fh and sVO2 for each individual. There were no significant differences in these regressions between breeding and moulting females. There were significant differences in these relationships between all females and breeding males. fH and s VO2 were recorded from five of these animals for a total of 24 h. When fh was used to predict sVO2 for the 24 h period using the derived regressions, the estimate was not significantly different from the measured values, with an average error of −2.1 %. When fh was used to predict sVO2 for the 5 min intervals used for the calibration in all 24 birds, the estimate was not significantly different from the observed values, and the average error was only +0.47 %. Since the fH/sVO2 relationship was the same during periods of the annual cycle when the animals were inactive/fasting and active/foraging, it seems reasonable that, as long as sex differences are taken into account, fh can be used to predict the metabolic rates of free-ranging macaroni penguins all year round.

Energy expenditure by elite midget male ice hockey players in small-sided games

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles-Mathieu Lachaume ◽  
François Trudeau ◽  
Jean Lemoyne
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Ice Hockey ◽  
Training Method ◽  
Hockey Players ◽  
Treadmill Testing ◽  
Effective Training ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy expenditure and heart rate responses elicited in elite male midget ice hockey players during small-sided games. Nine players (aged 15.89 ± 0.33 years) participated in the study. Maximal progressive treadmill testing in the laboratory measured the relationship of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]) to heart rate before on-ice assessments of heart rate during six different small-sided games: 1v1, 2v2, 2v2 with support player, 3v3 with support player, 3v3 with transitions, and 4v4 with two support players. Heart rate was recorded continuously in each game. 3v3 T small-sided game was the most intense for all four intensity markers. All six small-sided games reached 89% HRmax or more with heart rate peaks in active effort repetition. These findings demonstrate that such small-sided games are considered as high intensity games and are an effective training method for ice hockey players.

scholarly journals Demam pada Penggunaan Analgesia Persalinan Epidural

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-9
Author(s):  
Alfan Mahdi Nugroho ◽  
Yusmein Uyun ◽  
Annemarie Chrysantia Melati
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Neonatal Seizure ◽  
Increased Temperature ◽  
Fetal Infection ◽  
Labour Epidural Analgesia ◽  
Clinical Consequences ◽  
The Relationship

Analgesia epidural telah diperkenalkan secara rutin sebagai salah satu modalitas analgesia pada proses persalinan sejak lama. Hubungan antara analgesia epidural persalinan dengan demam intrapartum pada maternal sudah disebutkan pada beberapa literatur. Demam didefinisikan sebagai peningkatan suhu tubuh lebih dari 38 oC yang didapat dari dua kali pemeriksaan. Beberapa teori yang disebutkan antara lain perubahan termoregulasi, infeksi pada ibu-janin dan inflamasi non-infeksi yang dimediasi oleh sitokin proinflamasi. Namun demikian berbagai mekanisme analgesia epidural dapat menyebabkan demam masih terus diteliti. Identifikasi demam pada ibu saat persalinan merupakan hal yang penting untuk dilakukan karena memiliki konsekuensi klinis pada ibu dan neonatus. Pada ibu ditemukan suhu yang meningkat dikaitkan dengan peningkatan denyut jantung ibu, curah jantung, konsumsi oksigen, dan produksi katekolamin. Sedangkan pada janin demam intrapartum dapat menyebabkan sepsis, perubahan skor APGAR, peningkatan kebutuhan bantuan napas dan kejadian kejang. Efek demam pada ibu dan janin masih terus dipelajari, sehingga suatu saat didapatkan cara pencegahan yang paling baik yang pada akhirnya menghindarkan keraguan untuk melakukan analgesia persalinan.   Fever during labour epidural analgesia Abstract Epidural analgesia has been routinely introduced as one of the analgesia modalities during labour. Literature has mentioned the relationship between epidural analgesia and intrapartum fever among mothers. Fever is defined as increased temperature above 38 oC in more than two measurements. Several theories have been proposed, inculing thermoregulation changes, mother-fetal infection, and non-infectious inflammation mediated by proinflammatory cytokines. However, these mechanisms have been continued to evolve. Fever identification in pregnant women is essential to recognize clinical consequences to both mothers and neonates. Increased temperature in mothers is associated with increased heart rate, cardiac output, oxygen consumption, and catecholamines production. Meanwhile, in neonates intrapartum fever is related to sepsis, APGAR score changes, the need of respiratory support and incidence of neonatal seizure. Therefore, these consequences are extensively studied in order to determine the appropriate prevention.

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