Heart rate as an indicator of oxygen consumption: influence of body condition in the king penguin

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (12) ◽  
pp. 2133-2144 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Froget ◽  
P. J. Butler ◽  
Y. Handrich ◽  
A. J. Woakes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Active Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Oxygen Pulse ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARY The use of heart rate to estimate field metabolic rate has become a more widely used technique. However, this method also has some limitations, among which is the possible impact that several variables such as sex, body condition (i.e. body fat stores) and/or inactivity might have on the relationship between heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption. In the present study, we investigate the extent to which body condition can affect the use of heart rate as an indicator of the rate of oxygen consumption. Twenty-two breeding king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) were exercised on a variable-speed treadmill. These birds were allocated to four groups according to their sex and whether or not they had been fasting. Linear regression equations were used to describe the relationship between heart rate and the rate of oxygen consumption for each group. There were significant differences between the regression equations for the four groups. Good relationships were obtained between resting and active oxygen pulses and an index of the body condition of the birds. Validation experiments on six courting king penguins showed that the use of a combination of resting oxygen pulse and active oxygen pulse gave the best estimate of the rate of oxygen consumption V̇O2. The mean percentage error between predicted and measured V̇O2 was only +0.81% for the six birds. We conclude that heart rate can be used to estimate rate of oxygen consumption in free-ranging king penguins even over a small time scale (30min). However, (i) the type of activity of the bird must be known and (ii) the body condition of the bird must be accurately determined. More investigations on the impact of fasting and/or inactivity on this relationship are required to refine these estimates further.

The heart rate/oxygen consumption relationship during cold exposure of the king penguin: a comparison with that during exercise

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (16) ◽  
pp. 2511-2517 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Froget ◽  
Y. Handrich ◽  
Y. Le Maho ◽  
J.-L. Rouanet ◽  
A. J. Woakes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Critical Temperature ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Lower Critical Temperature ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

SUMMARY This study investigated whether exposure to low ambient temperature could be used as an alternative to exercise for calibrating heart rate (fH)against rate of oxygen consumption(V̇O2) for subsequent use of fH to estimate V̇O2 in free-ranging animals. Using the relationship between the oxygen pulse (OP, the amount of oxygen used per heart beat) and an index of body condition (or nutritional index, NI), a relationship between fH and V̇O2 was established for resting king penguins exposed to a variety of environmental temperatures. Although there was a small but significant increase in the OP above and below the lower critical temperature (-4.9°C), there was no difference in the relationship obtained between the OP and body condition (NI)obtained above or below the lower critical temperature. These results were then compared with those obtained in a previous study in which the relationship between fH and V̇O2 had been established for king penguins during steady-state exercise. The relationship between OP and NI in the present study was not significantly different from the relationship between resting OP and NI in the previous study. However, the relationship was different from that between active OP and NI. We conclude that, at least for king penguins, although thermoregulation does not affect the relationship between resting OP and NI, temperature cannot be used as an alternative to exercise for calibrating fH against V̇O2 for subsequent use of fH to estimate V̇O2 in free-ranging animals.

The relationship between cirral activity and oxygen uptake in Balanus balanoides

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Newell ◽  
H. R. Northcroft
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Mantle Cavity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Zero Rate ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Balanus Balanoides

The rate of cirral beat of Balanus balanoides is related to the logarithm of the body weight as an exponential function. In any one animal, there is little effect of temperature on cirral activity between 7·5° and 10° C. Between 10° and 20° C, however, there is a rapid increase in cirral beat with temperature followed by a fall at temperatures above 20° C.Balanus balanoides exhibits a fast, medium and zero rate of oxygen consumption. These rates of oxygen consumption correspond with (a) normal cirral beating, (b) ‘testing’ activity with no cirral movement, and (c) with the closure of the mantle cavity. Both of the possible levels of oxygen uptake are related to the logarithm of the body weight in a logarithmic fashion over the temperature range 7·5°–22·5° C. Temperature affects the two rates of oxygen consumption differently. In the slower rate (rate B) there is an increase in the rate of oxygen consumption between 7·5° and 14° C but there is no significant increase in the rate of oxygen consumption between 14° and 22·5 C°.

Heart rate and the rate of oxygen consumption of flying and walking barnacle geese (Branta leucopsis) and bar-headed geese (Anser indicus)

2002 ◽  
Vol 205 (21) ◽  
pp. 3347-3356 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ward ◽  
C. M. Bishop ◽  
A. J. Woakes ◽  
P. J. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wind Tunnel ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Barnacle Geese ◽  
Branta Leucopsis ◽  
Anser Indicus ◽  
The Relationship

SUMMARYWe tested the hypotheses that the relationship between heart rate(fH) and the rate of oxygen consumption(V̇O2) differs between walking and flying in geese and that fH and V̇O2 have a U-shaped relationship with flight speed. We trained barnacle geese Branta leucopsis (mean mass 2.1 kg) and bar-headed geese Anser indicus(mean mass 2.6 kg) to walk inside a respirometer on a treadmill and to fly in a wind tunnel with a respirometry mask at a range of speeds. We measured fH and V̇O2simultaneously during walking on the treadmill in five individuals of each species and in one bar-headed goose and four barnacle geese during flight in the wind tunnel. The relationships between fH and V̇O2 were significantly different between flying and walking. V̇O2 was higher,and the increment in V̇O2 for a given increase in fH was greater, for flying than for walking geese. The relationship between fH and V̇O2 of free-living barnacle geese during their natural migratory flights must differ from that measured in the wind tunnel, since the fH of wild migratory birds corresponds to values of V̇O2 that are unrealistically low when using the calibration relationship for our captive birds. Neither fH nor V̇O2 varied with flight velocity across the range of speeds over which the geese would fly sustainably.

Uptake of Waterborne Methylmercury by Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in Relation to Oxygen Consumption and Methylmercury Concentration

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1309-1315 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Rodgers ◽  
F. W. H. Beamish
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Swimming Speed ◽  
Single Equation ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Key Words Methylmercury ◽  
The Relationship

Oxygen consumption and uptake of waterborne methylmercury were measured for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) forced to swim at sustained swimming speeds at 10 and 20 °C. The concentrations of methylmercury used (< 8 μg Hg∙L−1) did not affect oxygen consumption. The log of mass specific oxygen consumption increased linearly with relative swimming speed. Standard metabolic rates were significantly different (P < 0.05) at 10 and 20 °C (111 and 192 mg O2∙kg−1∙h−1, respectively) but the rate of increase in oxygen consumption with swimming speed was not significantly different between temperatures. The rate of methylmercury uptake was positively correlated with both oxygen consumption and methylmercury concentration. Multiple linear regression equations relating the logs of rate of methylmercury uptake, rate of oxygen consumption, and methylmercury concentration at 10 and 20 °C were contiguous and a single equation described the relationship at both temperatures. The efficiency of methylmercury uptake relative to oxygen was ~0.25 at both temperatures. Assuming an oxygen percent utilization of 33%, the percent utilization of methylmercury from water was ~8%.Key words: methylmercury, uptake, respiration, oxygen consumption, rainbow trout, bioaccumulation, pollutant

Cardiovascular adjustments during locomotion in penguins

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Green ◽  
Anthony Woakes ◽  
Ian Boyd ◽  
Patrick Butler
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Terrestrial Locomotion ◽  
Oxygen Pulse ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eudyptes Chrysolophus ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Physical Forces ◽  
The Relationship

The high costs of airborne flapping flight are reflected in a difference between the oxygen pulse (OP; amount of oxygen consumed per heart beat) during flight and that during terrestrial locomotion, as well as a difference in the relationship between heart rate (fH) and rate of oxygen consumption ([Formula: see text]O2). We tested and failed to accept the hypothesis that there would be similar differences in the fH–[Formula: see text]O2 and [Formula: see text]O2–OP relationships during swimming under water and during walking for macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus (Brandt, 1837)). We suggest that this may be a result of the penguins having to overcome physical forces different from those experienced by volant birds and possibly a response to limited access to oxygen while porpoising or diving. This result has important implications for those who wish to use fH to estimate [Formula: see text]O2 and hence metabolic rate in the field for this and similar species. To test the utility of the relationship, we compared our results with data obtained previously for this species, and we simultaneously measured [Formula: see text]O2 in a respirometer and estimated [Formula: see text]O2 from fH for 48 h. There was no significant difference in the fH–[Formula: see text]O2 or [Formula: see text]O2–OP relationships between the two studies or between [Formula: see text]O2 estimated from fH and that measured using respirometry.

Heart rate and rate of oxygen consumption of exercising macaroni penguins

2001 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Green ◽  
P.J. Butler ◽  
A.J. Woakes ◽  
I.L. Boyd ◽  
R.L. Holder
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Variable Speed ◽  
Treadmill Speed ◽  
Eudyptes Chrysolophus ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
The Relationship

Twenty-four macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) from three groups, breeding males (N=9), breeding females (N=9) and moulting females (N=6), were exercised on a variable-speed treadmill. Heart rate (fH) and mass-specific rate of oxygen consumption (sVO2) were recorded from the animals, and both fh and sVO2 were found to increase linearly with increasing treadmill speed. A linear regression equation described the relationship between fh and sVO2 for each individual. There were no significant differences in these regressions between breeding and moulting females. There were significant differences in these relationships between all females and breeding males. fH and s VO2 were recorded from five of these animals for a total of 24 h. When fh was used to predict sVO2 for the 24 h period using the derived regressions, the estimate was not significantly different from the measured values, with an average error of −2.1 %. When fh was used to predict sVO2 for the 5 min intervals used for the calibration in all 24 birds, the estimate was not significantly different from the observed values, and the average error was only +0.47 %. Since the fH/sVO2 relationship was the same during periods of the annual cycle when the animals were inactive/fasting and active/foraging, it seems reasonable that, as long as sex differences are taken into account, fh can be used to predict the metabolic rates of free-ranging macaroni penguins all year round.

THE MODEL FOR MANAGING INVESTMENTS IN THE MOSCOW ENVIRONMENT BASED ON A POWER REGRESSION EQUATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
E. V. KOSTYRIN ◽  
◽  
M. S. SINODSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Waste ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Pair Correlation ◽  
Approximation Error ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Average Approximation ◽  
Average Approximation Error

The article analyzes the impact of certain factors on the volume of investments in the environment. Regression equations describing the relationship between the volume of investment in the environment and each of the influencing factors are constructed, the coefficients of the Pearson pair correlation between the dependent variable and the influencing factors, as well as pairwise between the influencing factors, are calculated. The average approximation error for each regression equation is determined. A correlation matrix is constructed and a conclusion is made. The developed econometric model is implemented in the program of separate collection of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Moscow. The efficiency of the model of investment management in the environment is evaluated on the example of the growth of planned investments in the activities of companies specializing in the export and processing of solid waste.

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