scholarly journals Flight training and dietary antioxidants have mixed effects on the oxidative status of multiple tissues in a female migratory songbird

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail E. Frawley ◽  
Kristen J. DeMoranville ◽  
Katherine M. Carbeck ◽  
Lisa Trost ◽  
Amadeusz Bryła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant

Birds, like other vertebrates, rely on a robust antioxidant system to protect themselves against oxidative imbalance caused by energy-intensive activities such as flying. Such oxidative challenges may be especially acute for females during spring migration, since they must pay the oxidative costs of flight while preparing for reproduction; however, little previous work has examined how the antioxidant system of female spring migrants responds to dietary antioxidants and the oxidative challenges of regular flying. We fed two diets to female European starlings, one supplemented with a dietary antioxidant and one without, and then flew them daily in a windtunnel for two weeks during the fall and spring migration periods. We measured the activity of enzymatic antioxidants (GPx, SOD, CAT), non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (ORAC), and markers of oxidative damage (protein carbonyls and lipid hydroperoxides) in four tissues: pectoralis, leg, liver, and heart. Dietary antioxidants affected enzymatic antioxidant activity and lipid damage in the heart, non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in the pectoralis, and protein damage in leg muscle. In general, birds fed less antioxidants appear to incur increased oxidative damage while upregulating non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activity, though these effects were strongly tissue-specific. We also found trends for diet x training interactions for enzymatic antioxidant activity in the heart and leg. Flight-training may condition the antioxidant system of females to dynamically respond to oxidative challenges, and females during spring migration may shift antioxidant allocation to reduce oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Carious Lesion Severity Induces Higher Antioxidant System Activity and Consequently Reduces Oxidative Damage in Children’s Saliva

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Heitor Ceolin Araujo ◽  
Ana Cláudia Melo Stevanato Nakamune ◽  
Wilson Galhego Garcia ◽  
Juliano Pelim Pessan ◽  
Cristina Antoniali
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
System Activity ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers ◽  
Carious Lesions

Oxidative stress biomarkers can be found at detectable concentrations in saliva. These salivary biomarkers reflect specific oxidation pathways associated with caries and periodontitis. Our study evaluated the influence of dental caries severity (assessed using the ICCMS™ criteria) on the levels of oxidative stress biomarkers in saliva from children. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients (from one to three years old) in a day care center in Birigui, SP, Brazil, two hours after fasting. Children were divided into four groups (n=30/group), according to caries severity: caries free (group A), early carious lesions (group B), moderate carious lesions (group C), and advanced carious lesions (group D). The following salivary biomarkers were determined: total proteins (TP), measured by the Lowry method; oxidative damage, measured by the TBARS method; total antioxidant capacity (TAC); superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymatic antioxidant activity; and uric acid (UA) non-enzymatic antioxidant activity. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test, Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients, and multivariable linear regression (p<0.05). TP, TAC, SOD enzymatic antioxidant activity, and UA non-enzymatic antioxidant activity increased with caries severity, consequently reducing salivary oxidative damage. It was concluded that higher caries severity increases salivary antioxidant system activity, with consequent reduction in salivary oxidative damage.

scholarly journals Ethylene Induction of Non-Enzymatic Metabolic Antioxidants in Matricaria chamomilla

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (23) ◽  
pp. 5720
Author(s):  
Veronika Petrulova ◽  
Maria Vilkova ◽  
Zuzana Kovalikova ◽  
Matus Sajko ◽  
Miroslav Repcak
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Matricaria Chamomilla ◽  
Chlorogenic Acids ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Dicaffeoylquinic Acid

Phytochemical investigations of Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) stated the presence of several compounds with an established therapeutic and antioxidant potential. The chamomile non-enzymatic antioxidant system includes low molecular mass compounds, mainly polyphenols such as cinnamic, hydroxybenzoic and chlorogenic acids, flavonoids and coumarins. The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system after stimulation by ethylene in tetraploid chamomile plants. Seven days of ethylene treatment significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, which influenced the biosynthesis of protective polyphenols in the first step of their biosynthetic pathway. Subsequently, considerable enhanced levels of phenolic metabolites with a substantial antioxidant effect (syringic, vanillic and caffeic acid, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin, luteolin, daphnin, and herniarin) were determined by HPLC-DAD-MS. The minimal information on the chlorogenic acids function in chamomile led to the isolation and identification of 5-O-feruloylquinic acid. It is accumulated during normal conditions, but after the excessive effect of abiotic stress, its level significantly decreases and levels of other caffeoylquinic acids enhance. Our results suggest that ethephon may act as a stimulant of the production of pharmaceutically important non-enzymatic antioxidants in chamomile leaves and thus, lead to an overall change in phytochemical content and therapeutic effects of chamomile plants, as well.

Enzymatic antioxidant defence mechanisms of maize and sorghum after exposure to and recovery from pre- and post-flowering dehydration

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Takele ◽  
J. Farrant
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Protection Mechanism ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Mda Content ◽  
Sorghum Production

Drought stress is often the most limiting factor for maize and sorghum production in the semi-arid areas. This study evaluates the enzymatic antioxidant protection mechanism response of maize (cv Melkassa-2) and sorghum (cv. Macia) after exposure to and recovery from pre- and post-flowering dehydration.The response of enzymatic antioxidant protection systems revealed that in both test crops dehydration during both the pre- and post-flowering stages resulted in increased activities of enzymatic antioxidant protection mechanisms (SOD, GR, CAT and APX). There were, however, differences between the species in the type and extent of enhanced developmentally-induced and dehydration-induced antioxidant activities. Differences were also noticed in the relative water contents at which changes in enzymatic antioxidant activities occurred. Under dehydration conditions, sorghum was generally found to have relatively higher enzymatic antioxidant activities, providing it better protection against oxidative stress by minimizing the level of lipid peroxidation.Lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA content, was increased in both species during pre- and post-flowering dehydration, but the increase was greater in maize than in sorghum during both developmental stages. Sorghum appeared to be able to reduce MDA on rehydration, but maize contained only 85% less MDA after rehydration as compared to the control following pre-flowering rehydration. During post-flowering rehydration, neither species was able to decrease the MDA content to the control level.The results indicated that tolerance to drought in sorghum is well associated with the consistent enhanced capacity of the enzymatic antioxidant system under both pre- and post-flowering dehydration conditions, and that the sensitivity of maize to drought is linearly correlated to the decreased capacity of the antioxidant system. It may be concluded that, since differences were observed between the species in the response of enzymatic antioxidants to pre- and post-flowering dehydration/rehydration, with sorghum exhibiting comparatively higher overall activities of enzymatic antioxidants and a lower level of MDA than maize during both pre- and post-flowering dehydration, selection based on these criteria may help in the development of genotypes tolerant to dehydration.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Capacity of Preterm Neonates Assessed by Hydrogen Donor Value

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (11) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Matyas ◽  
Monica G. Hasmasanu ◽  
Gabriela Zaharie
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Hydrogen Donor ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Premature Newborns ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Hydrogen Donors

Background and objectives: Premature newborns have a number of oxidative stress-inducing disorders. Antioxidant defense is deficient in premature newborns. Hydrogen donors can be used to evaluate the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense. By measuring hydrogen donors, a group of antioxidants can be assessed: tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. These represent the most relevant group of non-enzymatic antioxidants. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense capacity of premature newborns by measuring hydrogen donors. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity by hydrogen donor measurement in 24 premature newborns with various oxidative stress-inducing disorders and in 14 premature newborns without oxidative stress-inducing conditions. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica program (v. 8, StatSoft, Round Rock, TX, USA). Differences between groups were tested with Wilcoxon matched test for quantitative paired data or Mann–Whitney test for quantitative independent data. The Z test for proportions was used to compare qualitative data among subgroups. Results: Hydrogen donors in the study group had a significantly lower value on the first day of life compared to the value of the control group. Also, the hydrogen donor value in the study group was significantly lower on the first day compared to the third day of life (p < 0.05). Neonates with mild respiratory distress (14 cases) had increased hydrogen donor values on their third day of life compared to the first day of life. Conclusions: The antioxidant capacity is influenced by oxidative stress-inducing disorders. Respiratory distress influenced the hydrogen donor value and antioxidant defense. Antioxidant defense gradually improves after birth according to gestational age.

Total Antioxidant Capacity and Characterization of Nitraria tangutorum Fruit Extract by Rapid Bioassay-Directed Fractionation

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 1219-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jat Rana ◽  
Stephen R Missler ◽  
Kathryn Persons ◽  
Johnson Han ◽  
Teric Li
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Dietary Antioxidants ◽  
Superoxide Radical Anion ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Nitraria Tangutorum ◽  
Rapid Bioassay

Abstract In recent years, the role of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RNOS) in human disease has been the subject of considerable study. This has led to research on the potential benefit of natural products as dietary antioxidants to mitigate oxidative stress caused by increased RNOS associated with tissue damage. Five physiologically relevant reactive species include peroxyl radical, hydroxyl radical, peroxynitrite anion, superoxide radical anion, and singlet oxygen. Excessive amounts of these species can lead to the degradation of important biomolecules in vivo, and dietary antioxidants have been shown to inhibit damage both in vitro and in vivo. In this investigation, we have discovered that an extract of the fruit from Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. (Tangut white thorn) demonstrates significant antioxidant capacity against all five reactive species. Rapid bioassay-directed fractionation was used to identify antioxidant phytochemicals by collecting fractions from HPLC effluent into 96 well microplates and testing for antioxidant activity against the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical. Two different classes of phytochemicals, anthocyanins and flavonoids, were associated with antioxidant activity. Active components were further characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and high-resolution MS.

Antioxidant Activity of 2-Bromo-3-hydroxy-2-nitroproylcinnamte against Alcohol Induced Oxidative Damage

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-160
Author(s):  
Rajesh Kumar Malik ◽  
Dharmendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Anuradha ◽  
Surendra Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Β Carotene

The present study demonstrated the antioxidant activity of 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-nitroproylcinnamte versus alcohol induced oxidative damage in albino wistar rats. In this study, 30 % alcohol exposed rats were found to be more prone to peroxidative risk as they are calculated by species of thiobarbituric acid. It was observed that after the rats induction with 30% alcohol, concentration of lipid peroxidation has been obtained expressively (p ≤ 0.001) high in a liver and serum, beside with concomitant substantial (p ≤ 0.001) reduced in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants levels like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), vitamin E (tocopherol), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-s-transferase (GST), vitamin C (ascorbic acid), β-carotene as well as ceruloplasmin in serum along with liver, only 30% alcohol was treated. If rats obtained 2- bromo-3-hydroxy-2-nitroproylcinnamte at the dose level of 20 mg/kg bw/day, PO, for 30 days, the peroxidative damage has been marginal in serum along with liver, alongside efficiently encouraging the potential of antioxidant in the rats treated by alcohol. This study revealed that in liver the raised peroxidative risk is probably allied with alcohol induction pathology that can be decreased by increasing the antioxidant potential by free radical scavenging activity, therefore promising as artificial antioxidants for 2-bromo-3-hydroxy-2-nitroproylcinnamte.

Season, anthocyanin supplementation, and flight training have mixed effects on the antioxidant system of migratory European Starlings

The Auk ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail E Frawley ◽  
Kristen J DeMoranville ◽  
Katherine M Carbeck ◽  
Lisa Trost ◽  
Amadeusz Bryła ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Migratory Bird ◽  
Spring Migration ◽  
Egg Laying ◽  
Flight Training ◽  
European Starlings ◽  
Antioxidant Diet ◽  
Gpx Activity

AbstractMigratory birds engage in 2 periods of endurance flight annually as they travel between summer breeding and overwintering grounds, and such endurance flights likely incur oxidative costs. These costs may differ between fall and spring migration, especially for females who must prepare for breeding and egg laying in spring. The objective of this study of a migratory bird was to test proposed hypotheses about how key components of the female’s antioxidant system differ in response to flight training in the fall and spring and to dietary antioxidant supplementation. We hand raised female European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) and fed them either a diet supplemented with dietary anthocyanins or a diet without added anthocyanins. We flew females in a wind tunnel for 15 days during fall and spring migration seasons and measured over time oxidative lipid damage (d-ROMs) and 3 components of the antioxidant system: nonenzymatic antioxidant capacity (OXY), uric acid, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. Prior to flight training, OXY and oxidative damage were lower in females during spring compared with fall, and females fed a low-antioxidant diet had consistently higher circulating uric acid. GPx activity decreased more in spring immediately after a long-duration flight. Females fed a high-antioxidant diet had a greater decrease in OXY after the 15-day flight training. Flight-trained females had higher circulating uric acid than untrained females immediately after the longest-duration flight and decreased GPx activity after the 15-day flight training. In sum, females upregulated enzymatic and nonenzymatic endogenous antioxidants in spring, and females fed a diet with less antioxidants appear to compensate by increasing circulating uric acid. Our findings emphasize the important role of dietary antioxidants for birds during migration, and similar flights in fall and spring likely represent distinct oxidative challenges in the life history of female birds.

scholarly journals Emersion and Relative Humidity Modulate Stress Response and Recovery Dynamics in Juvenile Mussels (Perna canaliculus)

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 580
Author(s):  
Natalí Delorme ◽  
David Burritt ◽  
Norman Ragg ◽  
Paul South
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Protective Action ◽  
Protein Carbonyls ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Air Exposure ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Perna Canaliculus

The early stages of intertidal mussels, including the green-lipped mussel, Perna canaliculus, face both direct and indirect environmental threats. Stressors may influence physiological status and, ultimately, survival. An understanding of the nature of stress experienced is critical to inform conservation and aquaculture efforts. Here, we investigated oxidative stress dynamics in juvenile P. canaliculus in relation to emersion duration (1–20 h) and relative humidity (RH, 29–98%) by quantifying oxidative damage (protein carbonyls, lipid hydroperoxides, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) and enzymatic antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase). Mussels held in low RH during emersion experienced severe water loss (>70%), high mortality (>80%) and increased oxidative damage (35–45% increase compared to control conditions), while mussels held at high RH were not impacted, even after 20 h of air exposure. Following re-immersion, reoxygenation stress resulted in further increases in damage markers in mussels that had experienced dryer emersion conditions; protective action of antioxidants increased steadily during the 10 h re-immersion period, apparently supporting a reduction in damage markers after 1–5 h of immersion. Clearly, conditions during emersion, as well as duration, substantially influence physiological performance and recovery of juvenile mussels. Successful recruitment to intertidal beds or survival in commercial aquaculture operations may be mediated by the nature of emersion stress experienced by these vulnerable juveniles.

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