Dynamic Response Simulations of Flexible Beams Using the Energy Wave Scattering Method

2005 ◽  
Vol 219 (9) ◽  
pp. 859-868
Author(s):  
T Chen
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Wave Scattering ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Distributed Model ◽  
Flexible Beam ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Flexible Beams ◽  
Good Comparison

The dynamic response of a flexible beam is simulated using the energy wave scattering method. A new topology is demonstrated to model the flexible beam and it can distinguish the displacements contributed by kinetic energy and potential energy. Experiments are conducted using both a highly distributed model and a lumped-distributed model. Numerical procedures and examples are presented. The experimental results are compared with the simulated ones and a good comparison is shown.

Four Channels in the Fission of 252Cf

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (12) ◽  
pp. 1341-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Brosa ◽  
S. Grossmann ◽  
A. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Nuclear Fission ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Total Kinetic Energy ◽  
Average Kinetic Energy ◽  
Fragment Mass ◽  
Energy Neutron ◽  
Relative Abundances ◽  
Neutron Multiplicities

Strutinsky-type calculations indicate that the potential energy favors four channels in the nuclear fission of 252Cf. The connection of this finding with experimental results on the distribution of fragment mass, total kinetic energy, neutron multiplicities, and relative abundances is discussed. Similar calculations for 227Ac, 236U, and 258Fm show that the changing preponderance of the four channels seems to describe striking trends in the fission of the actinides, in particular the dip in the total kinetic energy at symmetrical fission of 236U and the enormously high average kinetic energy of the 258Fm fragments.

Operational Physical Conditions for a Solid-State-Engine (SSE) Applying Shape Memory (SM) Alloy

1987 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
J. Kajamaa
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Mechanical Efficiency ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Energy Transformation ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Theoretical Considerations

The physical conditions for a solid-state-engine (SSE) applying shape memory (SM) alloy is treated based on both experimental results and theoretical considerations. First, the mechanical efficiency is derived. It is compared to that of the fuel engine. Then, the energy transformation diagram is drawn. By means of this the overall efficiency of the system is defined. Also it is concluded that this system can store a part of the accepted kinetic energy as a potential energy in a reversible manner.

Heat of Combination of Metals in the Formation of Alloys

1899 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Galt
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Electromotive Force ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Heat Units ◽  
Chemical Combination

In the course of his valuable researches on the heats of combination and decomposition of bodies, the late Professor Thomas Andrews, of Belfast, arrived at the conclusion that “If three metals, A, B, C, be so related that A is capable of displacing B and C from their combinations, and also B capable of displacing C; then the heat developed in the substitution of A for C will be equal to that developed in the substitution of A for B, added to that developed in the substitution of B for C; and a similar rule may be applied to any number of metals similarly related.” A tabular statement of experimental results is given, and from them illustrations of the above conclusion may be obtained. For example, let A represent zinc, B lead, and C copper; then, for equivalent quantities of the metals, it was found that the number of (grammewater) heat units centigrade developed when zinc displaces copper is approximately equal to the number developed when zinc displaces lead, added to that obtained when lead displaces copper. But, in contact electricity, the electromotive force between zinc and copper is equal to that between zinc and lead added to that between lead and copper. These facts led Andrews to make the following important remark:—“Electromotive forces which are really due to contact of dissimilar bodies are also the very forces which cause heat when chemical combination ensues, potential energy being converted into kinetic energy by the rushing together of the particles under attracting forces.”

The Effect of Strain Rate on the Material Characteristics of Nickel-Based Superalloy Inconel 718

2007 ◽  
Vol 340-341 ◽  
pp. 283-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Han Song ◽  
Hoon Huh
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Response ◽  
High Strain Rate ◽  
Strain Rate ◽  
Turbine Blade ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Strain ◽  
Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Stress Wave Propagation

The dynamic response of the turbine blade materials is indispensable for analysis of erosions of turbine blades as a result of impulsive loading associated with gas flow. This paper is concerned with the dynamic material properties of the Inconel 718 alloy which is widely used in the high speed turbine blade. The dynamic response at the corresponding level of the strain rate should be acquired with an adequate experimental technique and apparatus due to the inertia effect and the stress wave propagation. In this paper, the dynamic response of the Inconel 718 at the intermediate strain rate ranged from 1/s to 400/s is obtained from the high speed tensile test and that at the high strain rate above 1000/s is obtained from the split Hopkinson pressure bar test. The effects of the strain rate on the dynamic flow stress, the strain rate sensitivity and the failure elongation are evaluated with the experimental results. Experimental results from both the quasi-static and the high strain rate up to 3000/s are interpolated in order to construct the constitutive relation that should be applied to simulate the dynamic behavior of the turbine blade made of the Inconel 718.

MULTI–INERT OSCILLATORY MECHANISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
I.P. POPOV
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Oscillation Frequency ◽  
Free Oscillation ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Oscillatory System ◽  
Harmonic Oscillations ◽  
Oscillatory Systems ◽  
Oscillatory Mechanism ◽  
Mutual Conversion

A mechanical oscillatory system with homogeneous elements, namely, with n massive loads (multi– inert oscillator), is considered. The possibility of the appearance of free harmonic oscillations of loads in such a system is shown. Unlike the classical spring pendulum, the oscillations of which are due to the mutual conversion of the kinetic energy of the load into the potential energy of the spring, in a multi–inert oscillator, the oscillations are due to the mutual conversion of only the kinetic energies of the goods. In this case, the acceleration of some loads occurs due to the braking of others. A feature of the multi–inert oscillator is that its free oscillation frequency is not fixed and is determined mainly by the initial conditions. This feature can be very useful for technical applications, for example, for self–neutralization of mechanical reactive (inertial) power in oscillatory systems.

Tracker-assisted modelling: simultaneous validation of the conservation law of energy and the work-energy theorem

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 015012
Author(s):  
Unofre B Pili ◽  
Renante R Violanda
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Conservation Law ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Home Based ◽  
Basic Physics ◽  
Free Falling ◽  
Work Done

Abstract The video of a free-falling object was analysed in Tracker in order to extract the position and time data. On the basis of these data, the velocity, gravitational potential energy, kinetic energy, and the work done by gravity were obtained. These led to a rather simultaneous validation of the conservation law of energy and the work–energy theorem. The superimposed plots of the kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, and the total energy as respective functions of time and position demonstrate energy conservation quite well. The same results were observed from the plots of the potential energy against the kinetic energy. On the other hand, the work–energy theorem has emerged from the plot of the total work-done against the change in kinetic energy. Because of the accessibility of the setup, the current work is seen as suitable for a home-based activity, during these times of the pandemic in particular in which online learning has remained to be the format in some countries. With the guidance of a teacher, online or face-to-face, students in their junior or senior high school—as well as for those who are enrolled in basic physics in college—will be able to benefit from this work.

Study of the Mechanisms of Vortex Variability in the Lofoten Basin Based on the Energy Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. S. Travkin ◽  
◽  
T. V. Belonenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Baroclinic Instability ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Barotropic Instability ◽  
Available Potential Energy ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Kinetic Energy

Purpose. The Lofoten Basin is one of the most energetic zones of the World Ocean characterized by high activity of mesoscale eddies. The study is aimed at analyzing different components of general energy in the basin, namely the mean kinetic and vortex kinetic energy calculated using the integral of the volume of available potential and kinetic energy of the Lofoten Vortex, as well as variability of these characteristics. Methods and Results. GLORYS12V1 reanalysis data for the period 2010–2018 were used. The mean kinetic energy and the eddy kinetic one were analyzed; and as for the Lofoten Vortex, its volume available potential and kinetic energy were studied. The mesoscale activity of eddies in winter is higher than in summer. Evolution of the available potential energy and kinetic energy of the Lofoten Vortex up to the 1000 m horizon was studied. It is shown that the vortex available potential energy exceeds the kinetic one by an order of magnitude, and there is a positive trend with the coefficient 0,23⋅1015 J/year. It was found that in the Lofoten Basin, the intermediate layer from 600 to 900 m made the largest contribution to the potential energy, whereas the 0–400 m layer – to kinetic energy. The conversion rates of the mean kinetic energy into the vortex kinetic one and the mean available potential energy into the vortex available potential one (barotropic and baroclinic instability) were analyzed. It is shown that the first type of transformation dominates in summer, while the second one is characterized by its increase in winter. Conclusions. The vertical profile shows that the kinetic energy of eddies in winter is higher than in summer. The available potential energy of a vortex is by an order of magnitude greater than the kinetic energy. An increase in the available potential energy is confirmed by a significant positive trend and by a decrease in the vortex Burger number. The graphs of the barotropic instability conversion rate demonstrate the multidirectional flows in the vortex zone with the dipole structure observed in a winter period, and the tripole one – in summer. The barotropic instability highest intensity is observed in summer. The baroclinic instability is characterized by intensification of the regime in winter that is associated with weakening of stratification in this period owing to winter convection.

scholarly journals Walking in simulated reduced gravity: mechanical energy fluctuations and exchange

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Griffin ◽  
Neil A. Tolani ◽  
Rodger Kram
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential ◽  
Inverted Pendulum ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Metabolic Cost ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Gravitational Potential Energy ◽  
Reduced Gravity

Walking humans conserve mechanical and, presumably, metabolic energy with an inverted pendulum-like exchange of gravitational potential energy and horizontal kinetic energy. Walking in simulated reduced gravity involves a relatively high metabolic cost, suggesting that the inverted-pendulum mechanism is disrupted because of a mismatch of potential and kinetic energy. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the fluctuations and exchange of mechanical energy of the center of mass at different combinations of velocity and simulated reduced gravity. Subjects walked with smaller fluctuations in horizontal velocity in lower gravity, such that the ratio of horizontal kinetic to gravitational potential energy fluctuations remained constant over a fourfold change in gravity. The amount of exchange, or percent recovery, at 1.00 m/s was not significantly different at 1.00, 0.75, and 0.50 G (average 64.4%), although it decreased to 48% at 0.25 G. As a result, the amount of work performed on the center of mass does not explain the relatively high metabolic cost of walking in simulated reduced gravity.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Energetics of Tropical and Extra-Tropical Regions for Warm ENSO Composite Episodes

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-51
Author(s):  
Zayra Christine Sátyro ◽  
José Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Potential Energy ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Stable Condition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Using Data

Abstract This study focuses on the quantification and evaluation of the effects of ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) warm phases, using a composite of five intense El Niño episodes between 1979 – 2011 on the Energetic Lorenz Cycle for four distinct regions around the globe: 80° S – 5° N (region 1), 50° S – 5° N (region 2), 30° S – 5° N (region 3), and 30° S – 30° N (region 4), using Data from NCEP reanalysis-II. Briefly, the results showed that zonal terms of potential energy and kinetic energy were intensified, except for region 1, where zonal kinetic energy weakened. Through the analysis of the period in which higher energy production is observed, a strong communication between the available zonal potential and the zonal kinetic energy reservoirs can be identified. This communication weakened the modes linked to eddies of potential energy and kinetic energy, as well as in the other two baroclinic conversions terms. Furthermore, the results indicate that for all the regions, the system itself works to regain its stable condition.

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