Location of an acoustic emission source in a radially loaded deep groove ball-bearing

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Nélias ◽  
T Yoshioka
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Fatigue Initiation ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Deep Groove Ball Bearing ◽  
Subsurface Defect

This paper describes a deep groove ball-bearing analysis which has been developed to simulate acoustic emission occurring during ball-bearing operation. The computer simulation is useful to clarify experimental research on rolling contact fatigue initiation using the acoustic emission technique. Results show the ability of the method to detect and to locate a subsurface defect, due to rolling contact fatigue, before the rolling bearing failure occurs. The subsurface defect can be accurately located within the inner ring of a deep groove ball-bearing operating under radial load.

scholarly journals A study of the stress field generated by the contact between a sphere and a flat plate for a simplified model of deep-groove ball bearing

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
André Oliveira Köhn ◽  
Fernando Azevedo Silva
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Surface Stresses ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Deep Groove Ball Bearing ◽  
Materials Used

Bearings are mechanical elements capable of transferring motion between two or more parts in a machine. When an external load is applied, the rolling elements and their rings tend to initiate a cyclical movement between themselves. Hence, they are linked by a variable type of contact, thus creating high surface stresses. As these elements are subjected to millions of cycles within their lifespan, these cyclical stresses may create cracks and cause failure by rolling contact fatigue (RCF). Due to the importance of this subject, it is vital to study the stress field caused by contact between the rolling parts in a bearing. This paper offers two approaches on the cyclical stresses in a deep-groove ball bearing: an analytical approach, using Hertz’s theory for contact stresses; and a numerical simulation, using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with the software Inventor and Nastran In-CAD. The results of both approaches were compared, and stress behavior was analyzed as the depth of the inner ring was increased. It was concluded that the surface stresses are greatly superior than the strength of the materials used in the bearings, and that the area influenced by these stresses are small when compared to the dimensions of the whole.

Rolling Contact Fatigue Type Analysis of Rolling Bearing by XRD and TEM

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 1679-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hidaka ◽  
Kouji Ueda ◽  
N. Mitamura
Keyword(s):  
Film Thickness ◽  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Retained Austenite ◽  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Microstructural Change ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Lubrication Condition

In the rolling bearing, the flaking caused by rolling contact fatigue is classified into two types: surface originated flaking and subsurface originated flaking. It has been recognized that marked microstructural change can occur in subsurface originated flaking due to rolling contact fatigue. But there are few reports in surface originated flaking about microstructural change. In this study, surface originated flaking caused by rolling contact fatigue was investigated based on microstructural change. Thrust ball bearing and radial ball bearing was used for fatigue test. Simulation of dent originated flaking was carried out using the bearing with artificial dent. Another fatigue test subjected to surface originated flaking was done under shortage of oil film thickness lubrication condition. Microstructural change was measured by X-ray Diffractmetry (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) during fatigue testing. Microstructure of bearing steel used for fatigue test is consisted of martensite with small amount of retained austenite. XRD measurement reveals that the half peak width of martensite and volume fraction of retained austenite decreasing with increasing testing time, and the amount of decrease in these parameter were small in the surface originated flaking compared with subsurface originated flaking when the specimens were flaking. This suggests that surface originated flaking occurs in spite of mild microstructural change. TEM observation about the surface originated flaking shows plastic flow in the surface layer. Especially, it was confirmed that partial recrystallization occurs in the fatigue test under shortage of oil film thickness lubrication condition. But it was also confirmed that degree of recrystallization is lower in the surface originated flaking than subsurface one, and this reasonably explains XRD result. From these results, it was cleared that recrystallizaiton of martensite is differ in degree but not in kind between surface originated flaking and subsurface originated flaking.

Noise calculation method of deep groove ball bearing caused by vibration of rolling elements considering raceway waviness

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440622110458
Author(s):  
Minjie Sun ◽  
Haojie Xu ◽  
Qi An
Keyword(s):  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Machining Accuracy ◽  
Surface Waviness ◽  
Random Surface ◽  
Deep Groove ◽  
Deep Groove Ball Bearing ◽  
Rolling Elements

Raceway waviness error is the main reason to cause rolling elements to vibrate along axial direction and emit noise. In this paper, the mechanical analysis on deep groove ball bearing is carried out. With auto-correlation function, random surface waviness of both inner and outer raceways is simulated. A contact model of rolling elements and raceways considering surface waviness is established. Combining with the theory of acoustic equation, a calculation model is established for the noise caused by vibration of rolling elements and inner ring. The results show that with the decrease of machining accuracy, the noise of rolling elements increases due to axial vibration; with the increase of rotation speed, the noise also increases. Besides, the spectrum of radiation noise of inner raceway with different waviness amplitudes is given. The results indicate that the 3-D waviness on raceway surface has an influence on the vibration and the noise emitted by both rolling elements and inner ring, and provide guidance for sound control in deep groove rolling bearing.

Rolling bearing seizure and sliding effects on fatigue life

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo E Morales-Espejel ◽  
Antonio Gabelli
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Damage Mechanism ◽  
Rolling Bearing ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Frictional Stress ◽  
Lubricated Contacts ◽  
Contact Fatigue Life

The effects of kinematic sliding on rolling contact fatigue life have been discussed in many occasions, often with some disregard of the fundamental principles of tribology. In this paper, the authors’ intention is to discuss this issue with a perspective as objective as possible and performing a study on factual and known scientific knowledge, applying tribology modelling and methods. The effects of kinematic sliding of Hertzian contacts are studied from three different standpoints: (1) by analysing the combination of sliding speed and contact pressure giving rise to seizure, that is high instantaneous contact temperatures leading to film collapse, (2) by assessing the possible effects of sliding to surface traction and fatigue, (3) by discussing other possible effects of sliding in heavily loaded lubricated contacts as the concurrent damage mechanism caused by wear and rolling contact fatigue. Throughout the paper, different numerical models are presented and discussed alongside with some experimental data. This approach provides a comprehensive assessment of the various phenomena related to the kinematic sliding of rolling bearings. The different mechanisms involved and the interaction of sliding with the elastohydrodynamic lubricant film, frictional stress, wear and fatigue are discussed, and their significance to the performance of the bearing is qualified.

The role of deformed rail microstructure on rolling contact fatigue initiation

Wear ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 265 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1363-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Garnham ◽  
Claire L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Fatigue Initiation

scholarly journals F117-PW-100 Hybrid Ball Bearing Ceramic Technology Insertion

1996 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Miner ◽  
J. Dell ◽  
A. T. Galbato ◽  
M. A. Ragen
Keyword(s):  
Ball Bearing ◽  
Rolling Contact Fatigue ◽  
Contact Fatigue ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Rolling Contact ◽  
Ceramic Technology ◽  
Liquid Lubricant ◽  
Hybrid Bearing

Results of an Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) sponsored project to demonstrate the operational benefits of incorporating advanced structural ceramic ball elements into the F117-PW-100 aircraft gas turbine engine high rotor thrust bearings is described. This program consists of design, fabrication, and experimental evaluation of candidate hybrid ball bearing designs in Pratt & Whitney and MRC Bearings test facilities. The bearing design criteria and development test conditions utilized for the project are compatible with the requirements of the F117-PW-100 engine system application. Two hybrid bearing designs were produced by analytically varying internal geometry features such as M-50 race curvatures and contact angles to optimize for the modulus of elasticity of the ceramic balls. CERBEC grade NBD 200 silicon nitride ceramic balls (1 1/8 in. size) demonstrated integrity and a quadruple rolling contact fatigue life improvement versus state-of-the-art M-50 steel balls in single ball test rigs. Thermal performance data obtained in full-scale bearing rig performance testing with 178 mm size hybrid and all-steel baseline bearings shows comparable characteristics. The hybrid bearing displayed a distinct survivability benefit in bearing liquid lubricant starvation testing. Two dozen hybrid bearings will be fabricated for full-scale bearing rig endurance tests to be conducted in 1995–1996 as a prerequisite to validation in operating F117-PW-100 engines in 1996–1997.

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