On the Continuous Temperature Monitoring of an Engine Bearing

1977 ◽  
Vol 191 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Goodwin ◽  
R. Holmes
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Mechanical Linkage ◽  
Load Conditions ◽  
Continuous Temperature ◽  
Made In ◽  
Engine Bearing

Measurements of bearing surface temperature were made in a large end bearing of a marine diesel engine, the data being communicated by a mechanical linkage attached to the connecting rod. The engine was run with the lubricating oil heavily diluted with fuel oil, and also with a variety of load conditions on the test cylinder. Some observations were made immediately after a rapid start in order to assess the effects of priming of the lubrication system. The observations are discussed and some qualitative conclusions drawn.

Experimental measurement of big-end bearing journal orbits

2000 ◽  
Vol 214 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Goodwin ◽  
C Groves ◽  
J Nikolajsen ◽  
P. J. Ogrodnik
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Bearing Surface ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Crankshaft Journal ◽  
Displacement Transducers ◽  
Load Conditions

This paper describes a novel experimental approach to the measurement of big-end bearing journal motion in reciprocating machinery. The procedure is based upon measurements recorded from inductive displacement transducers mounted in the crankshaft, which measure the instantaneous clearance between crankshaft journal and the big-end bearing surface of the connecting rod. The results of the work demonstrate that the procedure is a feasible way of collecting experimental data for comparison with the output from theoretical models. Experimental data are presented for a single-cylinder four-stroke compression ignition engine operating under various load conditions.

Stress Distribution Analysis on Alloy Layer of High Power Marine Diesel Engine Bearing Bush

2013 ◽  
Vol 331 ◽  
pp. 148-152
Author(s):  
Xiu Xu Zhao ◽  
Zhi Xiang Hu ◽  
An Jian Huang
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
High Power ◽  
Alloy Layer ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Bearing Alloy ◽  
Stress And Strain Distribution ◽  
Engine Bearing ◽  
Oil Film Pressure

According to the characteristics of large size, small clearance ratio, high oil film pressure and thin oil film thickness in the actual conditions of high power marine diesel engine bearing, this Paper analyzes oil film pressure distribution on inner surface of bearing bush based on the finite difference method, uses finite element method to establish the hierarchical model, and analyzes stress and strain distribution on bearing alloy. In addition, this Paper researches the changes of stress and strain distribution on bearing alloy layer when alloy layer thickness changes for the optimization design of high power marine diesel engine bearing bush.

scholarly journals Influence of lubricating oil centrifugal separation intensity in combined cleaning systems on marine diesel engine

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
Nikolai Sergeevich Molokov ◽  
Gennadiy Petrovich Kicha ◽  
Andrei Veniaminovich Nadezkin
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Centrifugal Separation ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Minimum Value ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Engine Wear ◽  
Capacity Index

The article considers the rationality of combined lubricating oil cleaning system in the automatically operated marine diesel engines. The system includes a self-recovering filter and a self-cleaning centrifugal purifier. This combination is found to obtain resource-saving oil using coupled with minimum engine wear and increased reliability. The full-flow filtration of oil in a die-sel engine lubricating system is necessary to protect its friction couples (bearings) from abrasive wear. Centrifugal separation contributes deep oil purification i.e. removal of insoluble impurities reducing lubricating oil service life. By means of experimental simulation there has been found a minimum value of centrifugal purifier capacity index, when engine wear reaches the lowest level and keeps stable. The dependence of engine wear on the fuel quality and centrifugal purification intensity represented by centrifugal purifier capacity index is displayed. The adequacy variance was calculated, the adequacy of the found model being checked by using Fisher criterion. The experimental design and processing of the results have been carried out using orthogonal central composite plan of the second order. Specificity of polynomial when all the points of extremum show the minimum value of engine wear was presented. The model is designed to select the proper oil purifier for forced marine diesel engines with average and increased revolutions.

scholarly journals Fractographic Study of Marine Diesel Engine Connecting Rod Stud Bolt Crack

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-42
Author(s):  
K. Carjova ◽  
V. Priednieks ◽  
R. Klaucans ◽  
I. Irbe ◽  
A. Urbahs
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Crack ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Marine Diesel Engine ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
The People ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Fatigue Rupture ◽  
Fatigue Crack Development

Abstract Failures of marine diesel engine components can lead to serious consequences for a vessel, cargo and the people on board a ship. These consequences can be financial losses, delay in delivery time or a threat to safety of the people on board. This is why it is necessary to learn about connecting rod bolt failures in order to prevent worst-case scenarios. This paper aims at determining the origin, velocity and the duration of fatigue crack development of a diesel alternator engine which suffered a significant failure of one of its mains, not long after a major overhaul had been completed and with less than 1000 running hours having elapsed. It was verified with fatigue rupture of one of the four connecting rod stud bolts. Tensile tests were performed in the remaining connecting rod bolts. During this procedure, another fatigue crack in an adjacent bolt was identified. The probable root case of damage, and at the end some final remarks are presented.

scholarly journals The beneficial effect of oxidation on the lubricating properties of oil

1933 ◽  
Vol 139 (838) ◽  
pp. 447-459 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Journal Bearing ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Engine Fuel ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
Mineral Oils ◽  
Continuous Rotation ◽  
Made In ◽  
Lubricating Properties

Journal bearing friction experiments have been made generally at relatively low temperatures and otherwise in conditions tending to prevent oxidation of the lubricating oil. Thus Beauchamp Tower’s experiments led Reynolds to the conclusion that fluid friction alone prevails in an oil film maintained by continuous rotation of the journal and that boundary conditions do not become sensible. The more recent experiments by Stanton, undertaken after the Physical Society discussion of 1919, were made to verify the conclusion, and confirmed that especially for mineral oils, “the conditions were in all cases those of perfect lubrication ( i. e ., complete fluid lubrication), no approximation to the hypothetical ones of boundary lubrication being observed,” “the conditions of lubrication of a cylindrical journal being of the Reynolds’ type right up to the seizing pressure. Stanton’s experimental conditions were such that oxidation effects were not obtained. The feed to the journal bearing was always by fresh, not circulated, oil and the temperature of the oil film was maintained at 51·6° C., i. e ., at least 50° lower than required to induce oxidation in a mineral oil particularly susceptible to the effect. The possibility that oxidation might lead to boundary conditions becoming a factor in the measurements was not considered. Oxidation of the oil used to lubricate internalcombustion engines cannot be avoided in the usual conditions of operation, and an investigation of the effect on lubricating value was begun, in connection with experiments made in association with Professor Callendar, on the oxidation of the lighter oils used as engine fuel. The results of lubrication experiments made directly on engines were difficult to interpret. The friction measured is mainly that due to the reciprocating motion of the pistons in the cylinders and oxidation being uncontrolled, the resulting accumulation of semisolid products leads to secondary friction effects greater in magnitude than the primary effect attributable to the fluid alone. The conditions of journal bearing lubrication, on the other hand, can be controlled and friction measured with fair accuracy and it appeared therefore that the investigation could be continued most effectively by using journal bearing testing machines. Machines adapted to be run at the relatively high temperature required for the oxidation of mineral oils had been designed at the N. P. L. by Mr. C. Jakeman in association with whom the experiments were continued, by permission of the authorities concerned.

Maintaining Marine Diesel Emissions Using Performance Monitoring

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herbert Roeser ◽  
Dilip Kalyankar
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Tier Ii ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
Exhaust Gas Emission ◽  
Marine Diesel

Ships are an integral part of modern commercial transport, leisure travel, and military system. A diesel engine was used for the first time for the propulsion of a ship sometime in the 1910s and has been the choice for propulsion and power generation, ever since. Since the first model used in ship propulsion, the diesel engine has come a long way with several technological advances. A diesel engine has a particularly high thermal efficiency. Added to it, the higher energy density of the diesel fuel compared to gasoline fuel makes it inherently, the most efficient internal combustion engine. The modern diesel engine also has a very unique ability to work with a variety of fuels like diesel, heavy fuel oil, biodiesel, vegetable oils, and several other crude oil distillates which is very important considering the shortage of petroleum fuels that we face today. In spite of being highly efficient and popular and in spite of all the technological advances, the issue of exhaust gas emissions has plagued a diesel engine. This issue has gained a lot of importance since 1990s when IMO, EU, and the EPA came up with the Tier I exhaust gas emission norms for the existing engine in order to reduce the NOx and SOx. Harsher Tier II and Tier III norms were later announced for newer engines. Diesel fuels commonly used in marine engines are a form of residual fuel, also know as Dregs or Heavy Fuel Oil and are essentially the by products of crude oil distillation process used to produce lighter petroleum fuels like marine distillate fuel and gasoline. They are cheaper than marine distillate fuels but are also high in nitrogen, sulfur and ash content. This greatly increases the NOx and SOx in the exhaust gas emission. Ship owners are trapped between the need to use residual fuels, due to cost of the large volume of fuel consumed, in order to keep the operation of their ships to a competitive level on one hand and on the other hand the need to satisfy the stringent pollution norms as established by the pollution control agencies worldwide. Newer marine diesel engines are being designed to meet the Tier II and Tier III norms wherever applicable but the existing diesel engine owners are still operating their engines with the danger of not meeting the applicable pollution norms worldwide. Here we make an effort to look at some of the measure that the existing marine diesel engine owners can take to reduce emissions and achieve at least levels prescribed in Tier I. Proper maintenance and upkeep of the engine components can be effectively used to reduce the exhaust gas emission. We introduced a pilot program on diesel engine performance monitoring in North America about two years ago and it has yielded quite satisfying results for several shipping companies and more and more ship owners are looking at the option of implementing this program on their ships.

Research on Application of Waste Plastic Disposal of Marine Diesel Engines

2008 ◽  
Vol 45 (04) ◽  
pp. 191-193
Author(s):  
Wei Hai-jun ◽  
Wang Guo-you ◽  
Wang Xiao-rui
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engines ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Advanced Technique ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
Waste Plastic ◽  
Marine Diesel ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Research On Application

The purpose of this paper is to study the applicability of thermal processed fuel oil (hereafter called waste plastic disposal, or WPD) of diesel engines using low-quality fuel oil. In the experiment, stability of engine operation and components of exhaust gas, such as NOx and COx, were inspected from basic and applicable points of view. This paper illustrates a new test and result of WPD oil applied to marine diesel engines. In recent years, efforts have to be made to develop an advanced technique for recycling waste plastics in order to use scrapped plastics as fuel for diesel engines. It is very important and necessary for us to cope with the increasing calorific value and to satisfy the growing need of environment protection. The experimental fuel oil is obtained by a mixing of diesel oil, WPD, and water.

Advanced Computational Analysis of Connecting Rod of an Aircraft Engine

2016 ◽  
Vol 821 ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Dlugoš ◽  
Pavel Novotný ◽  
Peter Raffai
Keyword(s):  
Computational Models ◽  
Hydrodynamic Pressure ◽  
Aircraft Engine ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Connecting Rod ◽  
Temperature Dependent Viscosity ◽  
Engine Operation ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Operation Cycle ◽  
Dependent Viscosity

Development of internal combustion engine’s components is based on the use of advanced computational models in order to compare and verify the individual design proposals. Connecting rod, which performs a general planar motion, is exposed to the gas pressure forces, inertia, contacts, and hydrodynamic pressure during the engine operation cycle. To incorporate all these aspects, Finite Element Method (FEM) is extended by Finite Difference Method (FDM) simulating a slide bearing of connecting rod’s end. It includes different properties of lubricating oil (pressure and temperature dependent viscosity and density) and elastic deformations, so the pressure distribution in an oil film can be evaluated. The computational process concludes with an estimation of the endurance safety factor of the connecting rod. The four-cylinder inverted aircraft engine is used as an example.

scholarly journals Size-segregated characteristics of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC) and organic matter in particulate matter (PM) emitted from different types of ships in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1549-1564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Zhang ◽  
Hai Guo ◽  
Yingjun Chen ◽  
Volker Matthias ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Particle Mass ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Marine Diesel

Abstract. Studies of detailed chemical compositions in particles with different size ranges emitted from ships are in serious shortage. In this study, size-segregated distributions and characteristics of particle mass, organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), 16 EPA polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and 25 n-alkanes measured aboard 12 different vessels in China are presented. The results showed the following. (1) More than half of the total particle mass, OC, EC, PAHs and n-alkanes were concentrated in fine particles with aerodynamic diameter (Dp) < 1.1 µm for most of the tested ships. The relative contributions of OC, EC, PAH and alkanes to the size-segregated particle mass are decreasing with the increase in particle size. However, different types of ships showed quite different particle-size-dependent chemical compositions. (2) In fine particles, the OC and EC were the dominant components, while in coarse particles, OC and EC only accounted for very small proportions. With the increase in particle size, the OC / EC ratios first decreased and then increased, having the lowest values for particle sizes between 0.43 and 1.1 µm. (3) Out of the four OC fragments and three EC fragments obtained in thermal–optical analysis, OC1, OC2 and OC3 were the dominant OC fragments for all the tested ships, while EC1 and EC2 were the main EC fragments for ships running on heavy fuel oil (HFO) and marine-diesel fuel, respectively; different OC and EC fragments presented different distributions in different particle sizes. (4) The four-stroke low-power diesel fishing boat (4-LDF) had much higher PAH emission ratios than the four-stroke high-power marine-diesel vessel (4-HMV) and two-stroke high-power heavy-fuel-oil vessel (2-HHV) in fine particles, and 2-HHV had the lowest values. (5) PAHs and n-alkanes showed different profile patterns for different types of ships and also between different particle-size bins, which meant that the particle size should be considered when source apportionment is conducted. It is also noteworthy from the results in this study that the smaller the particle size, the more toxic the particle was, especially for the fishing boats in China.

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