Effects of Water on the Cross-linking of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber with Aldehyde

In the first part of the research, rubber magnetic composites were prepared by incorporation of strontium and barium ferrite in concentration scale ranging from 0 to 200 phr into rubber matrices based on acrylonitrile–butadiene rubber and styrene–butadiene rubber. The main objective was to investigate the influence of the type and content of magnetic filler on the cross-link density, physical–mechanical and magnetic characteristics of the prepared composites. In the second part of the study, the content of magnetic fillers was kept on constant level—200 phr and the main aim was to investigate the change in mutual combination of both fillers on the cross-linking and properties of the rubber magnets. The results revealed that both fillers show reinforcement effect in the rubber matrices. The higher tensile strength of composites was achieved by application of barium ferrite. Magnetic properties of composite materials were significantly influenced by magnetic characteristics of magnetic fillers. Higher remanent magnetic induction of barium ferrite was reflected in higher remanent magnetization of the equivalent composites. On the other hand, higher coercivity of strontium ferrite resulted in higher coercivity of strontium ferrite-filled composites.

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REACTIONS OF SILICA–SILANE RUBBER AND PROPERTIES OF SILANE–SILICA/SOLUTION-POLYMERIZED STYRENE–BUTADIENE RUBBER COMPOSITE

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/rct.16.84812 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 526-539 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yan-Chun Tao ◽

Bin Dong ◽

Li-Qun Zhang ◽

You-Ping Wu

Keyword(s):

Temperature Effects ◽

Rolling Resistance ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Silane Coupling Agents ◽

In Situ Modification ◽

Styrene Butadiene

ABSTRACT Silane coupling agents can effectively improve the silica dispersion in rubber matrix and strengthen the interfacial interaction, and they have been widely used in tire treads to achieve low rolling resistance. 3-mercaptopropyl-ethoxy-bis(tridecyl-pentaethoxy-siloxane) (Si747) is a new coupling agent, and the temperature effects on the reactions between Si747 and silica and between Si747 and solution-polymerized styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR) were investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance in the present study. The results show that the Si747 grafting degree on the silica surface increases with increasing temperature, the cross-linking reaction between Si747 and SSBR can occur at 130 °C, and the reaction degree gradually increases with enhancing temperature. The silane–silica/SSBR composites were prepared at different in situ modification temperatures, and the temperature effects on the bound rubber content, filler dispersion, mechanical properties, and viscoelastic properties were investigated. It reveals that slightly pre-cross-linking between Si747 and SSBR lowers the tanδ at 60 °C of the SSBR/silane–silica composites, and in situ modification at 150 °C achieves a combination of low rolling resistance and high wet grip for silane–silica/SSBR composites.

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Design and Preparation of Rubber Ideal Filler

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.11-12.525 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11-12 ◽

pp. 525-528 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jian Jun Zhou ◽

Ya Kang Liu ◽

Wei Zhao ◽

You Ping Wu ◽

Li Qun Zhang

Keyword(s):

Shell Structure ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Core Shell ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Seeded Emulsion Polymerization ◽

Polymeric Particles ◽

Core Shell Structure ◽

The Stability ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Since rubber was applied in people’s normal life, researchers have started to exploit the rubber reinforcing techniques and the relative mechanism. Developing high-effective, simple and economical reinforcing methods and fillers are the emphasis of rubber industry, technology and science. In this paper a rubber ideal filler (IF) is shown. This IF is a kind of composite with core-shell structure which was synthesized by seeded emulsion polymerization. It used styrene (St), polybutadiene oligomer (PBD) as monomers and divinyl benzene (DVB) as cross-linking agent. The effect of the amount of cross-linking agent, concentration of emulsifier and initiator on the stability of the emulsion was studied. The morphology of the latex particles with core-shell structure was characterized by high resolution SEM (ESEM) and DSC (Tg). The results showed that cross-linking polymeric particles exhibited strong reinforcing effect on styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR).

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Methacrylate-functionalized POSS influence on cross-linking and mechanical properties of styrene-butadiene rubber

Iranian Polymer Journal ◽

10.1007/s13726-021-00924-x ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Seda Bekin Acar ◽

Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen ◽

Bagdagul Karaagac

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Styrene Butadiene

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INFLUENCE OF END-FUNCTIONALIZED SOLUTION STYRENE–BUTADIENE RUBBER ON SILICA-FILLED VULCANIZATES WITH VARIOUS SILICA–SILANE SYSTEMS

Rubber Chemistry and Technology ◽

10.5254/rct.19.81522 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 92 (2) ◽

pp. 364-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Byungkyu Ahn ◽

Nam Park ◽

Donghyuk Kim ◽

Wonho Kim

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Coupling Agent ◽

Functional Group ◽

Silica Content ◽

Alkoxy Group ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Cross Link ◽

The Cross ◽

Styrene Butadiene

ABSTRACT We investigated how end-functionalized solution styrene–butadiene rubber (SSBR) affects the vulcanizate structures and the physical properties of silica-filled vulcanizates using non-functionalized and end-functionalized SSBRs with aminopropylalkoxysilane. Two silane agents were used. Triethoxy(octyl)silane was used as a covering agent, and bis-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]disulfide was applied as a coupling agent. The effects of three different silica–silane systems with a covering agent (CV), a coupling agent (CP), or with no silane (NS) were analyzed. In the CV and NS systems, the cross-link densities induced by the polymer and curing system were similar with respect to the end-functionalization. Further, the cross-link densities induced by the silica–silane system were similar, regardless of the end-functionalization. However, the CP system exhibited similar cross-link densities, irrespective of functionalization. Both the coupling agent and end-functional group chemically bonded with the silanol groups of silica, thus competing with each other and affecting the vulcanizate structure. However, increasing the silica content decreased the effect of end-functionalization because the content of the coupling agent increased, and the end-functional group was less mobile than the coupling agent's alkoxy group.

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STUDYING THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPATIAL GRID OF STRUCTURED STYRENE-BUTADIENE POLYMERS FOR ORTHOPAEDIC INSOLES

PROCEEDINGS METALLURGY, MATERIAL SCIENCE, MINING ENGINEERING ◽

10.53297/18293395-2021.1-89 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

M.M. Shalamberidze ◽

E.A. Meladze ◽

M.L. Tatvidze

Keyword(s):

Polymer Materials ◽

Polymer Composition ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Curing Agent ◽

Hydrocarbon Polymers ◽

Spatial Grid ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Structuring reactions of polymer materials should be attributed to intermolecular reactions.The process of structuring is accompanied by a modification of the backbone polymer macromolecules both by the addition of fragments of cross-linking agent and through the development process of isomerization and cyclization of the macromolecules of polymers under the action of cross-linking agents or their transformation products. The process of formation of cross-linked structures of hydrocarbon polymers is a complex and multistage chemical reaction. The formation of cross-linked structures of hydrocarbon polymers, such as SCS-30 and SKS-50 with a latent curing agent LR-3 is considered. The results of studies of the effect of the latent curing agent LR-3 and sulfur vulcanizing groups on the physical parameters of the spatial grid of the structured styrene-butadiene rubbers are given. It is experimentally proved that new spatially cross-linked styrene-butadiene-based elastomers based on the latent hardener-3 possess all the properties inherent to the polymer mesh. The most significant features include its ability to undergo large reversible deformations, which is important for orthopaedic insoles. It is experimentally proven that the density of spatially structured grids for different compositions is as follows: for the polymer compositions based on rubber SKS-30 with a latent curing agent LR-3 is 1,26•1027 sm-3; for a composition based on the SCS-50 rubber with a latent curing agent LR-3 is equal to 1,29•1027 sm-3. The density of sulfur vulcanizates: 2,17•1031 sm-3 and 2,17•1031 sm-3 respectively for the polymer compositions SKS-30 and SKS-50. On the basis of experimental data, it is establisbed that the most promising material as orthopaedic insoles is the polymer composition based on styrene -butadiene rubber SKS-30 with a latent curing agent LR-3.

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Rubber magnets cured with peroxide and coagents

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics ◽

10.1177/0095244319846176 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 253-270

Author(s):

Andrea Kvasničáková ◽

Ján Kruželák ◽

Elena Medlenová ◽

Rastislav Dosoudil ◽

Ivan Hudec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Magnetic Properties ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Cross Link ◽

Magnetic Composites ◽

Peroxide Curing ◽

Link Density ◽

Cross Link Density ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Barium ferrite in constant amount (50 phr) was incorporated into styrene-butadiene rubber to prepare rubber magnetic composites. Dicumyl peroxide was used as a curing agent for cross-linking of the prepared composites. Four different types of low-molecular-weight organic compounds were applied as coagents to enhance the efficiency of cross-linking process and to improve the compatibility between the rubber and the filler on the interphase. The main goal of this work was to investigate the influence of the composition of peroxide curing system on cross-link density, physical–mechanical and magnetic properties of the composites. The results revealed that the type and amount of coagents have no influence on magnetic properties of the rubber magnets. On the other hand, cross-link density and physical–mechanical properties were significantly dependent on the composition of curing system. The increase of tensile strength can be attributed to the improvement of adhesion on the interphase filler–rubber due to the presence of coagents.

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Design and Preparation of Cross-Linked Polystyrene Nanoparticles for Elastomer Reinforcement

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2010/352914 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ming Lu ◽

Jianjun Zhou ◽

Liansheng Wang ◽

Wei Zhao ◽

Yonglai Lu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spherical Shape ◽

Nano Particles ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Polystyrene Nanoparticles ◽

Filled Elastomer ◽

Tremendous Amount ◽

The Cross ◽

Elastomer Composites ◽

Styrene Butadiene

Cross-linked polystyrene (PS) particles in a latex form were synthesized by free radical emulsion polymerization. The nano-PS-filled elastomer composites were prepared by the energy-saving latex compounding method. Results showed that the PS particles took a spherical shape in the size of 40–60 nm with a narrow size distribution, and the glass-transition temperature of the PS nanoparticles increased with the cross-linking density. The outcomes from the mechanical properties demonstrated that when filled into styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), and natural rubber (NR), the cross-linked PS nano-particles exhibited excellent reinforcing capabilities in all the three matrices, and the best in the SBR matrix. In comparison with that of the carbon black filled composites, another distinguished advantage of the cross-linked PS particles filled elastomer composites was found to be light weight in density, which could help to save tremendous amount of energy when put into end products.

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Catalytic and networking effects of carbon black on the kinetics and conversion of sulfur vulcanization in styrene butadiene rubber

Soft Matter ◽

10.1039/c8sm01953c ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 14 (45) ◽

pp. 9194-9208 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Seyed Mostaffa Hosseini ◽

Mehdi Razzaghi-Kashani

Keyword(s):

Kinetic Energy ◽

Carbon Black ◽

Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽

Butadiene Rubber ◽

Physical Restriction ◽

Sulfur Vulcanization ◽

Cross Links ◽

The Cross ◽

Styrene Butadiene

The physical restriction exerted on the entrapped rubber by the carbon black network reduces the required kinetic energy of macro-radicals to collide and form the cross-links.

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