Anti-inflammatory Effect of Semecarpus anacardium LINN. Nut Extract in Acute and Chronic Inflammatory Conditions

Aegle Marmelos Linn (Rutaceae) is used as ethno medicine against various human ailments. Several curde extracts from various parts (Leaves, flower, stem, root etc) of the plant A. marmelos Linn have shown variable anti-inflammatory effects in acute and chronic inflammation in animal models. The anti-inflammatory effects of A marmelos linn may be of special advantage compared to conventional anti-inflammatory drugs. The present study has therefore been undertaken with the objective to evaluate the anti inflammatory effect of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. marmelos leaves, compared to a standard anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin) in chronic inflammatory conditions. The anti-inflammatory effect was studied in rats using cotton pellet implantation, where granuloma formation was used as an index of chronic inflammation. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. marmelos leaves were given orally for 7 days daily at doses of 100 mg/kg body weight. The percent inhibition of granuloma formation following treatment with aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. marmelos leaves, and indomethacin compared to control were 16.5%, 25.72%, and 39.37% respectively. The differences were statistically significant (p<0.05 in case of aqueous and ethanolic extracts and p<0.001 in case of indomethacin). The results suggest that in case of chronic inflammation, both aqueous and ethanolic extracts of A. marmelos have significant anti- inflammatory effect. The ethanolic extracts compared to aqueous extract produced greater anti- inflammatory effects.Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2015; 9(2): 52-54

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Immunomodulatory and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Semecarpus anacardium LINN. Nut Milk Extract in Experimental Inflammatory Conditions

Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin ◽

10.1248/bpb.29.693 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 693-700 ◽

Cited By ~ 60

Author(s):

Vanu Ramkumar Ramprasath ◽

Palanivelu Shanthi ◽

Panchanatham Sachdanandam

Keyword(s):

Semecarpus Anacardium ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Anti Inflammatory

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Nigella Sativa’s Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidative Effects in Experimental Inflammation

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox9100921 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 921 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raluca Maria Pop ◽

Octavia Sabin ◽

Șoimița Suciu ◽

Stefan Cristian Vesa ◽

Sonia Ancuța Socaci ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Phase ◽

Acute Inflammation ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Nigella Sativa ◽

Control Group ◽

Acute Administration ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Experimental Inflammation ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Nigella sativa (NS) has been used for centuries in various inflammatory conditions because of its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. The study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa oil (NSO) in two models of acute (carrageenan-induced) and sub-acute inflammation (complete Freund’s adjuvant induced) in rats. Materials and Methods: NSO was administered orally 1, 2 and 4 mL/kg in the acute phase. For subacute phase, NSO was administered 4 mL/kg, 7 days before or after inflammation induction, or in association with diclofenac 5 mg/kg. Results: The gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis showed that NSO is an important source of bioactive compounds, especially p-cymene and thymoquinone. In the acute phase, 1.5 h after administration, NSO (2 and 4 mL/kg) determined an anti-inflammatory effect comparable with that of diclofenac. In the sub-acute administration, NSO had no anti-inflammatory effect. The analgesic effect of NSO was observed only in the sub-acute inflammation in the analgesy-meter test. NSO as treatment proved its antioxidant effect through the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and increases in hydrogen donor capacity (DH) compared to the control group, but the effect was not as intense as that of diclofenac. Conclusion: The present study has proven inconstant anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidative properties of NSO.

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Anti inflammatory effect of rhizome of Curcuma longa. Linn, in Albino rats by the method of Carrageenin induced paw oedema

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20180032 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jayan Pariyani Savaringal ◽

Lally M. S.

Keyword(s):

Curcuma Longa ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Inflammatory Activity ◽

Albino Rats ◽

Standard Drug ◽

Medical College ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Animal House ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Background: Curcuma longa or turmeric is a popular Ayurvedic herb, traditionally used for various inflammatory conditions including rheumatoid arthritis and spondylitis. Turmeric which containing phytochemical ingredient curcumin is used in India for centuries as a topical anti inflammatory agent. Many of the currently used anti inflammatory agents like NSAID’s and glucocorticoids have many undesirable adverse effects, especially when they are used for long period. In the present study, Curcuma longa, a plant belonging to the Zingiberaceae family was chosen for investigating its anti-inflammatory effects.Methods: The rhizomes of Curcuma longa were collected locally. The extract was prepared by soxlet extraction with 50% ethanol. Albino rats of Wistar strain (170-250grams) obtained from the animal house of medical college Thiruvananthapuram were used. Aspirin was purchased from sigma Labs, Mumbai. Anti-inflammatory effect of the extract was done in rats by the method of Carrageenin induced paw oedema.Results: The ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa inhibited the development of oedema at the end of 3 hours. The anti-inflammatory activity exhibited by the extract was dose dependent and statistically significant at dose levels of 1000-mg/kg and comparable to that of standard drug used Aspirin.Conclusions: The present study with extract of Curcuma longa revealed that it has significant anti-inflammatory activity.

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4R-Cembranoid Treatment Alters Gene Expression of RAW264.7 Macrophages in Basal and Inflammatory Conditions

10.20944/preprints202004.0278.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Maxine N. Gonzalez-Vega ◽

Sandeep sreerama ◽

Kelvin Carrasquillo-Carrion ◽

Abiel Roche-Lima ◽

Susan Corey Best ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Brain Parenchyma ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Raw264.7 Macrophages ◽

Blood Brain Barrier Model ◽

Peripheral Immune Response ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Macrophage Adhesion ◽

The Brain ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Inflammation is considered an important target for stroke therapy because it induces secondary brain damage after the initial ischemic insult. Peripheral monocytes migrate to the brain parenchyma after a central insult. They then differentiate to macrophages in a positive feedback fashion contributing to damage instead of ischemic resolution and inflammation control. A cyclic diterpenoid, (1S,2E,4R,6R,7E,11E)-cembra-2,7,11-triene-4,6-diol (4R), decreases neurodegeneration after ischemia with central anti-inflammatory activity. This study aims to determine whether the central anti-inflammatory effect of 4R is effective against peripheral inflammation triggered by brain ischemia. To investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of 4R, we treated macrophages with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as an inflammatory model, followed by treatment with 4R. Microarray transcriptome analysis of over 30,000 genes identified the differential expression of 393 genes. Genes related to inflammation, cell adhesion, and transcription were validated with qPCR, and reduced expression was determined. Quantification of NF-kB phosphorylation served as a marker for the modulation of inflammation through gene transcription. Our results show that 4R was associated with a reduction in NFKB1 and ITGB5 gene expression, increased phosphorylation of NF-kB, and a decrease in macrophage adhesion in a blood-brain barrier model. These results indicate that 4R can partially modulate the peripheral immune response, making 4R a potential drug against post-ischemic inflammation.

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Decreased Circulating mtDNA Levels in Professional Male Volleyball Players

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2014-0461 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 116-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Milena Nasi ◽

Alessandro Cristani ◽

Marcello Pinti ◽

Igor Lamberti ◽

Lara Gibellini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Plasma ◽

Sterile Inflammation ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Anthropometric Parameters ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Volleyball Players ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Molecular Patterns ◽

Damage Associated Molecular Patterns ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Purpose:Exercise exerts various effects on the immune system, and evidence is emerging on its anti-inflammatory effects; the mechanisms on the basis of these modifications are poorly understood. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) released from damaged cells acts as a molecule containing the so-called damage-associated molecular patterns and can trigger sterile inflammation. Indeed, high plasma levels of mtDNA are associated to several inflammatory conditions and physiological aging and longevity. The authors evaluated plasma mtDNA in professional male volleyball players during seasonal training and the possible correlation between mtDNA levels and clinical parameters, body composition, and physical performance.Methods:Plasma mtDNA was quantified by real-time PCR every 2 mo in 12 professional volleyball players (PVPs) during 2 consecutive seasons. As comparison, 20 healthy nonathlete male volunteers (NAs) were analyzed.Results:The authors found lower levels of mtDNA in plasma of PVPs than in NAs. However, PVPs showed a decrease of circulating mtDNA only in the first season, while no appreciable variations were observed during the second season. No correlation was observed among mtDNA, hematochemical, and anthropometric parameters.Conclusions:Regular physical activity appeared associated with lower levels of circulating mtDNA, further confirming the protective, anti-inflammatory effect of exercise.

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P3471Anti-inflammatory effects of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: insights from 2216 patients in the DIRECT registry

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehz745.0343 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

Y Hamanaka ◽

Y Sotomi ◽

A Hirata ◽

A Hirayama ◽

Y Higuchi

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Clinical Data ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Direct Oral Anticoagulants ◽

Small Sample ◽

Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Abstract Background Several previous studies reported anti-inflammatory effect of direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC). However, it was limited to basic pathological data with small sample size. Real-world large clinical data is still scarce. Methods We conducted a single-center prospective observational registry of NVAF patients treated with DOACs: the DIRECT registry (UMINehz745.034333283). All patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) (N=2216) who were users of dabigatran (N=648), rivaroxaban (N=538), apixaban (N=599), or edoxaban (N=431) from June 2011 to November 2017 were enrolled (71.6±10.8 years, 36.4% female, follow-up duration: 407.2±388.3 days). High sensitive C-reactive protein (hsCRP) test was performed before (within 3 months from the start) and after the start of DOAC prescription (6±3 months after the start). Patients with a hsCRP value >1.00 mg/dL were excluded from the analysis due to possibility of other systemic inflammatory conditions. The present post-hoc study of the DIRECT registry assessed anti-inflammatory effect of DOAC. Pre-hsCRP and post-hsCRP were compared by Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test. Results A total of 1,855 patients were analyzed in the present study (71.0±10.7 years, 677/1,855 (36%) females). In the overall cohort, hsCRP significantly decreased after the start of DOAC prescription (pre median 0.08 interquartile range [0.04–0.17] mg/dL vs. post 0.06 [0.03–0.12] mg/dL, p<0.001). The significant reduction of hsCRP was consistent across all DOACs (p=0.301) [dabigatran (N=562), pre 0.08 [0.04–0.1625] mg/dL vs. post 0.06 [0.03–0.12] mg/dL, p<0.001: rivaroxaban (N=457), pre 0.07 [0.04–0.16] mg/dL vs. post 0.07 [0.03–0.125] mg/dL, p<0.001: apixaban (N=494), pre 0.09 [0.04–0.19] mg/dL vs. post 0.06 [0.03–0.13] mg/dL, p<0.001: edoxaban (N=342), pre 0.08 [0.04–0.19] mg/dL vs. post 0.06 [0.03–0.13] mg/dL, p<0.001]. Conclusions The present study of DIRECT registry suggested anti-inflammatory effect of DOAC presented as a significant reduction of hsCRP. Although further investigation would be warranted to evaluate the clinical significance of the suppressed systemic inflammation, the recent favorable clinical data of DOACs might be attributed to the present finding.

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Anti-inflammatory effect of green tea petiole extracts in poly(I:C)–stimulated human epidermal keratinocytes and a human 3D skin equivalent

European Journal of Inflammation ◽

10.1177/2058739219857576 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 205873921985757

Author(s):

Nok Hyun Park ◽

Il-Hong Bae ◽

Seonsoo Han ◽

Minkee Kim ◽

Sung Hoon Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Green Tea ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Alcoholic Beverage ◽

Skin Equivalent ◽

Poly I:C ◽

Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Green tea is one of the most popular non-alcoholic beverage crops worldwide. Leaf extracts of the green tea, Camellia sinensis, are known to have natural anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, relatively few studies have focused on the biological activities of green tea petiole (GTP) (the stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem, currently considered waste material) compared with other parts of the tree, such as the leaf, root, and flower. Here, we report the first investigation of the anti-inflammatory effect of GTP extract against poly(I:C)–stimulated human keratinocytes (a model of skin inflammatory conditions) and EpiDerm (a three-dimensional skin equivalent). Our results reveal that GTP extract suppresses the induction of the messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), and Interleukin-8 (IL-8)) and matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). These findings indicate that GTP extract could prove useful in protecting skin cells from inflammatory conditions and skin aging.

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Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Yograj Guggul: an in vitro study

International Journal of Phytomedicine ◽

10.5138/09750185.2122 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 498

Author(s):

Supriya Bhalerao ◽

Renuka Munshi ◽

Samidha Joshi

Keyword(s):

In Vitro Study ◽

Positive Control ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Dual Inhibitor ◽

Inflammatory Conditions ◽

Human Dose ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Cox 1 ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Yograj Guggul (YG) is a poly-herbal formulation extensively used by Ayurvedic practitioners to treat inflammatory conditions. However there are no reports evaluating its effect on the various enzymes involved in the inflammatory pathway. Hence the present was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of YG, on inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX) - 1 & 2 and 5-Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes in vitro. Three concentrations (25, 50 and 100µg/ml) of the aqueous extract of YG were studied on the inhibition of COX 1 & 2 and 5-LOX enzymes by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA). Aspirin was used as a positive control at concentration corresponding to its anti-inflammatory human dose (100µg/ml).YG exhibited maximum inhibition of both COX-1 &COX-2 enzymes at 100µg/ml that was comparable to aspirin. Interestingly, YG showed a dose dependent increase in percentage inhibition of 5-LOX enzyme with maximum effect at 100µg/ml which was significantly higher than that exhibited by aspirin. YG inhibits both COX enzymes indicating its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. The 5-LOX inhibitory activity exhibited by YG provides a lead to explore its role further as a dual inhibitor of COX/5-LOX pathways and also to investigate its role to treat inflammatory respiratory disorders.

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Reduction of paw edema and liver oxidative stress in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation by Lobaria pulmonaria and Parmelia caperata, lichen species, in mice

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831/a000620 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

Samira Salem ◽

Essaid Leghouchi ◽

Rachid Soulimani ◽

Jaouad Bouayed

Keyword(s):

Time Course ◽

Acute Inflammation ◽

Lichen Species ◽

Paw Edema ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Edema Formation ◽

Lobaria Pulmonaria ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Endogenous Antioxidant ◽

Inflammatory Effect

Abstract. Paw edema volume reduction is a useful marker in determining the anti-inflammatory effect of drugs and plant extracts in carrageenan-induced acute inflammation. In this study, the anti-inflammatory effect of Lobaria pulmonaria (LP) and Parmelia caperata (PC), two lichen species, was examined in carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema test. Compared to the controls in carrageenan-induced inflammation (n = 5/group), our results showed that pretreatment by single oral doses with PC extract (50–500 mg/kg) gives better results than LP extract (50–500 mg/kg) in terms of anti-edematous activity, as after 4 h of carrageenan subplantar injection, paw edema formation was inhibited at 82–99% by PC while at 35–49% by LP. The higher anti-inflammatory effect of PC, at all doses, was also observed on the time-course of carrageenan-induced paw edema, displaying profile closely similar to that obtained with diclofenac (25 mg/kg), an anti-inflammatory drug reference (all p < 0.001). Both LP and PC, at all doses, significantly ameliorated liver catalase (CAT) activity (all p < 0.05). However, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels were found increased in liver of PC- compared to LP-carrageenan-injected mice. Our findings demonstrated on one hand higher preventive effects of PC compared to LP in a mouse carrageenan-induced inflammatory model and suggested, on the other hand, that anti-inflammatory effects elicited by the two lichens were closely associated with the amelioration in the endogenous antioxidant status of liver.

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