871 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAINING VOLUME AND MOOD STATES IN COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S156
Author(s):  
R. W. McGowan ◽  
E. F. Pierce ◽  
W. Hammer ◽  
J. Pace
Keyword(s):  
Mood States ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Relationship between Training Volume and Mood States in Competitive Swimmers during a 24-Week Season

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar F. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Mood States ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Competitive Swimmers ◽  
And Training

Mood states have been shown to be sensitive to periods of overtraining among endurance athletes. To examine the relationship between training volume and specific mood states, the Profile of Mood States was administered biweekly to 12 male and 17 female collegiate swimmers over the course of a competitive season. Pearson correlations were estimates of the relationship between mean subscores and training volume. Mean training volume for the comparison periods ranged from 3,868 to 12,500 meters/day. Mean ratings of both Anger and Vigor were significantly negatively correlated with training volume (−.58 and −.54, respectively). In addition, Fatigue was significantly correlated with training volume ( r = .53), but the mean subscores for Tension, Depression, Confusion, and Global Mood were not significantly correlated with training volume. Results support previous research reporting mood disturbances with increased training volumes but do not support suggestions of an increased tendency towards higher scores on depression.

Relationship of Swimming Distance, Expectancy, and Performance to Mood States of Competitive Athletes

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1199-1210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie G. Berger ◽  
Harry Prapavessis ◽  
J. Robert Grove ◽  
Brian D. Butki
Keyword(s):  
Mood States ◽  
Mood Disturbance ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Normal Distance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Acute Changes ◽  
Performance Times ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

This study focused on the relationship between normal and abbreviated training sessions for young competitive swimmers and acute changes in mood. Several potential moderators of the relationship between exercise and mood also were examined. 25 girls and 23 boys, swimmers between the ages of 12 and 25 years, completed a shortened version of the Profile of Mood States before and after normal-distance and taper practices. An hypothesized interaction between distance training and acute changes in scores on Total Mood Disturbance was significant. During normal-distance practices, scores on Mood Disturbance increased from pre- to postpractice. Analyses of the individual subscales indicated that swimmers' scores increased for Fatigue and decreased for Vigor. In abbreviated practice sessions, athlete's scores on Total Mood Disturbance showed no change from pre- to postpractice. The specific subscales, however, showed positive changes for Depression, Confusion, and Tension. The mood changes related to practice distance were not influenced by the possible moderating factors of expectancy or performance times. Thus, even for highly trained competitive swimmers, exercising at or near maximal physical capability is associated with few positive changes in mood scores. Shorter-distance swims that do not tax endurance are preferable, if mood enhancement is a goal.

scholarly journals Swim-Training Volume and Shoulder Pain Across the Life Span of the Competitive Swimmer: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stef Feijen ◽  
Angela Tate ◽  
Kevin Kuppens ◽  
Anke Claes ◽  
Filip Struyf
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Shoulder Pain ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Supraspinatus Tendon ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Competitive Swimming ◽  
Competitive Swimmer ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Background Competitive swimmers are exposed to enormous volumes of swim training that may overload the soft tissue structures and contribute to shoulder pain. An understanding of training factors associated with the injury is needed before practice guidelines can be developed. Objectives To investigate the relationship between swim-training volume and shoulder pain and to determine swim-training volume and shoulder pain prevalence across the life span of the competitive swimmer. Data Sources Relevant studies within PubMed, Web of Science, and MEDLINE. Study Selection Studies that assessed the relationship between a defined amount of swim training and shoulder pain in competitive swimmers. Data Extraction Twelve studies (N = 1460 participants) met the criteria. Swimmers were grouped by age for analysis: young (<15 years), adolescent (15–17 years), adult (18–22 years), and masters (23–77 years). Data Synthesis Adolescent swimmers showed the highest rates of shoulder pain (91.3%) compared with other age groups (range = 19.4%–70.3%). The greatest swim-training volumes were reported in adolescent (17.27 ± 5.25 h/wk) and adult (26.8 ± 4.8 h/wk) swimmers. Differences in exposure were present between swimmers with and those without shoulder pain in both the adolescent (P = .01) and masters (P = .02) groups. In adolescent swimmers, the weekly swim-training volume (P < .005, P = .01) and years active in competitive swimming (P < .01) correlated significantly with supraspinatus tendon thickness, and all swimmers with tendon thickening experienced shoulder pain. Conclusions Evidence suggests that swim-training volume was associated with shoulder pain in adolescent competitive swimmers (level II conclusion). Year-round monitoring of the athlete's swim training is encouraged to maintain a well-balanced program. Developing athletes should be aware of and avoid a sudden and large increase in swimming volume. However, additional high-quality studies are needed to determine cutoff values in order to make data-based decisions regarding the influence of swim training.

scholarly journals Changes in Clinical Measures and Tissue Adaptations in Collegiate Swimmers Across a Competitive Season

CommonHealth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Ryan William Paul ◽  
Angela Tate ◽  
Joseph Sarver ◽  
Laura DiPaola ◽  
Jeffery Yim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Supraspinatus Tendon ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Capsule Thickness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Background: Due to high training volume, competitive swimmers incur shoulder pain and injury1, but certain physical characteristics, such as shoulder ROM and endurance, and tissue adaptations such as posterior capsule thickness (PCT) and supraspinatus tendon structure may also be risk factors. Decreased endurance and ROM have been found in competitive swimmers along with being related to pain2. However, no longitudinal studies have examined pain and disability, range of motion, training volume, shoulder endurance and tendon structure over the course of a competitive season. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to: 1) to assess shoulder pain and disability, internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) and horizontal adduction (HADD) ROM, and posterior shoulder endurance longitudinally over a competitive collegiate season, and 2) determine if there is a relationship between swimming yardage, supraspinatus tendon organization and posterior capsule thickness. Methods: 17 male and 13 female Division III swimmers aged 19.6 ± 1.1 years participated. Pain and disability were assessed using the Penn Shoulder Score and the Disability of Arm Shoulder Hand sports module. Internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and horizontal adduction (HA) were measured using a digital inclinometer. Shoulder endurance was measured using the Posterior Shoulder Endurance Test (PSET). Anterior, center, and posterior supraspinatus tendon images were collected by locating the anterior aspect of the tendon insertion and moving posteriorly. The ultrasound images were analyzed using custom MATlab software to quantify tissue organization. All measures were found in the beginning (T1), middle (T2), and end (T3) of the season. Repeated measure ANOVAs were used to compare longitudinal changes across time.  If p-values were found to be ≤ 0.05, follow-up paired t-tests with Bonferroni corrections were used to compare T1, T2, and T3. This protocol was IRB-approved and participants signed a written consent form. Results: An increase in swimming yardage from T1 to T2 was followed by a significant decrease in yardage to finish the swimming season (Table 1). Disability decreased and endurance increased throughout the season with no observed changes in pain. IR and HA ROM decreased significantly between all timepoint comparisons. Tendon banding frequency did not change over time (Table 2). Discussion: Large amounts of IR during the pull phase and late initiation of ER during the recovery phase have been associated with a high risk of impingement4. The relationship between pain, disability, and range of motion may suggest that a reduction of IR could protect the swimmers’ shoulder by limiting impingement through the pull and recovery phases. However, further investigation is required to confirm. The lack of statistical significance longitudinally in tendon organization is not surprising since there were no changes in pain, a decrease in disability, and an increase in endurance. Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: Further research is required to understand the relationship between training volume, tendon organization, and disability. Collegiate swimmers demonstrate increased endurance and decreased disability over the course of the season. It may suggest that the loss of ROM is a positive adaptation and may be protective.

scholarly journals Training volume is associated with pain sensitivity, but not with endogenous pain modulation, in competitive swimmers

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 150-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Kuppens ◽  
Stef Feijen ◽  
Nathalie Roussel ◽  
Jo Nijs ◽  
Patrick Cras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Sensitivity ◽  
Pain Modulation ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Endogenous Pain Modulation ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

scholarly journals What Is the Optimal Strength Training Load to Improve Swimming Performance? A Randomized Trial of Male Competitive Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11770
Author(s):  
Sofiene Amara ◽  
Emmet Crowley ◽  
Senda Sammoud ◽  
Yassine Negra ◽  
Raouf Hammami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Training ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Swimming Performance ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Front Crawl ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of high, moderate, and low resistance training volume-load of maximum strength training on muscle strength and swimming performance in competitive swimmers. Thirty-three male swimmers were randomly allocated to high (age = 16.5 ± 0.30 years), moderate (age = 16.1 ± 0.32 years) and a low resistance training volume-load group (age = 15.9 ± 0.31). This study was carried out in mid-season (January to March). Pre and post strength (e.g., repetition maximum [1RM] leg extension and bench press tests), swimming (25, 50 m front-crawl), start (speed, time, distance) and turn (time of turn) performance tests were conducted. Our findings revealed a large main effect of time for 1RM bench press: d = 1.38; 1RM leg extension: d = 1.55, and for 25 (d = 1.12), and 50 m (d = 1.97) front-crawl, similarly for start and turn performance (d = 1.28–1.46). However, no significant Group × Time interactions were shown in all strength swimming performances, start and turn tests (p > 0.05). In conclusion, low training loads have been shown to elicit the same results as moderate, and high training loads protocol. Therefore, this study shows evidence that the addition of low training volume-loads as a regular part of a maximal strength training regime will elicit improvements in strength and swimming performance.

A STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A MUTUAL EXCHANGE SUPPORT PROGRAM FOR PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH DEVELOPMENT DISORDERS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yutaro Hirata ◽  
◽  
Yutaka Haramaki ◽  
Yasuyo Takano ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Mutual Exchange ◽  
Session Impact ◽  
Impact Scale ◽  
D 63 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
The Relationship

"There is an urgent need to support families of children with developmental disorders, especially when it is necessary for such families to help each other. However, practice and research related to support systems for families have begun only recently in Japan. Considering these issues, the authors developed a program to support mutual exchanges among parents of children with developmental disorders. This study aimed to verify the program’s effectiveness and to examine the relationship between participants’ program experience and its effectiveness. Participants included 21 male and female parents of children with developmental disorders. The parents were in their 30s to 50s (4 in their 30s, 14 in their 40s, and 3 in their 50s) (1 male, 20 females). Effectiveness indicators included the Profile of Mood States 2nd Edition-Adult Short (POMS2-A Short) (before and after implementation), Session Impact Scale (SIS), and Mutual Exchange Support Experience Rating Scale. t-tests were conducted on the pre- and post-program results of the POMS2-A short. Results showed that scores on Anger-Hostility (t=4.77, df=20, p<.01, d=1.04), Confusion-Bewilderment (t=4.31, df=20, p<.01, d=.94), Depression-Dejection (t=2.88, df=20, p<.01, d=.63), Fatigue-Inertia (t=3.63, df=20, p<.01, d=.79), and Tension-Anxiety (t=3.61, df=20, p<.01, d=.79) in the POMS2-A Short decreased significantly after the implementation of the program. These results evidence the effectiveness of the program in improving several mood states, especially anger-hostility, tension-anxiety, depression-depression, and fatigue."

The Relationship Between Dolphin Kick Movement And Underwater EMG Of Lower Leg Muscles In Competitive Swimmers

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Tadashi Wada ◽  
Noriyuki Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshimitsu Shimoyama ◽  
Yukinoti Shintaku ◽  
Hirofumi Jigami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Leg ◽  
Leg Muscles ◽  
Dolphin Kick ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competitive Swimmers
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document