Relationship between Training Volume and Mood States in Competitive Swimmers during a 24-Week Season

2002 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1009-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar F. Pierce
Keyword(s):  
Mood States ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Research Reporting ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations ◽  
Competitive Swimmers ◽  
And Training

Mood states have been shown to be sensitive to periods of overtraining among endurance athletes. To examine the relationship between training volume and specific mood states, the Profile of Mood States was administered biweekly to 12 male and 17 female collegiate swimmers over the course of a competitive season. Pearson correlations were estimates of the relationship between mean subscores and training volume. Mean training volume for the comparison periods ranged from 3,868 to 12,500 meters/day. Mean ratings of both Anger and Vigor were significantly negatively correlated with training volume (−.58 and −.54, respectively). In addition, Fatigue was significantly correlated with training volume ( r = .53), but the mean subscores for Tension, Depression, Confusion, and Global Mood were not significantly correlated with training volume. Results support previous research reporting mood disturbances with increased training volumes but do not support suggestions of an increased tendency towards higher scores on depression.

871 THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRAINING VOLUME AND MOOD STATES IN COMPETITIVE SWIMMERS

1993 ◽  
Vol 25 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. S156
Author(s):  
R. W. McGowan ◽  
E. F. Pierce ◽  
W. Hammer ◽  
J. Pace
Keyword(s):  
Mood States ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

scholarly journals Changes in Clinical Measures and Tissue Adaptations in Collegiate Swimmers Across a Competitive Season

CommonHealth ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Ryan William Paul ◽  
Angela Tate ◽  
Joseph Sarver ◽  
Laura DiPaola ◽  
Jeffery Yim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Internal Rotation ◽  
External Rotation ◽  
Supraspinatus Tendon ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Posterior Shoulder ◽  
Capsule Thickness ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Competitive Swimmers

Background: Due to high training volume, competitive swimmers incur shoulder pain and injury1, but certain physical characteristics, such as shoulder ROM and endurance, and tissue adaptations such as posterior capsule thickness (PCT) and supraspinatus tendon structure may also be risk factors. Decreased endurance and ROM have been found in competitive swimmers along with being related to pain2. However, no longitudinal studies have examined pain and disability, range of motion, training volume, shoulder endurance and tendon structure over the course of a competitive season. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to: 1) to assess shoulder pain and disability, internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) and horizontal adduction (HADD) ROM, and posterior shoulder endurance longitudinally over a competitive collegiate season, and 2) determine if there is a relationship between swimming yardage, supraspinatus tendon organization and posterior capsule thickness. Methods: 17 male and 13 female Division III swimmers aged 19.6 ± 1.1 years participated. Pain and disability were assessed using the Penn Shoulder Score and the Disability of Arm Shoulder Hand sports module. Internal rotation (IR), external rotation (ER), and horizontal adduction (HA) were measured using a digital inclinometer. Shoulder endurance was measured using the Posterior Shoulder Endurance Test (PSET). Anterior, center, and posterior supraspinatus tendon images were collected by locating the anterior aspect of the tendon insertion and moving posteriorly. The ultrasound images were analyzed using custom MATlab software to quantify tissue organization. All measures were found in the beginning (T1), middle (T2), and end (T3) of the season. Repeated measure ANOVAs were used to compare longitudinal changes across time.  If p-values were found to be ≤ 0.05, follow-up paired t-tests with Bonferroni corrections were used to compare T1, T2, and T3. This protocol was IRB-approved and participants signed a written consent form. Results: An increase in swimming yardage from T1 to T2 was followed by a significant decrease in yardage to finish the swimming season (Table 1). Disability decreased and endurance increased throughout the season with no observed changes in pain. IR and HA ROM decreased significantly between all timepoint comparisons. Tendon banding frequency did not change over time (Table 2). Discussion: Large amounts of IR during the pull phase and late initiation of ER during the recovery phase have been associated with a high risk of impingement4. The relationship between pain, disability, and range of motion may suggest that a reduction of IR could protect the swimmers’ shoulder by limiting impingement through the pull and recovery phases. However, further investigation is required to confirm. The lack of statistical significance longitudinally in tendon organization is not surprising since there were no changes in pain, a decrease in disability, and an increase in endurance. Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: Further research is required to understand the relationship between training volume, tendon organization, and disability. Collegiate swimmers demonstrate increased endurance and decreased disability over the course of the season. It may suggest that the loss of ROM is a positive adaptation and may be protective.

scholarly journals Bone-Mineral Density and Other Features of the Female Athlete Triad in Elite Endurance Runners: A Longitudinal and Cross-Sectional Observational Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 418-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noel Pollock ◽  
Claire Grogan ◽  
Mark Perry ◽  
Charles Pedlar ◽  
Karl Cooke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athlete ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Female Athlete Triad ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Menstrual Dysfunction ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
And Training

Low bone-mineral density (BMD) is associated with menstrual dysfunction and negative energy balance in the female athlete triad. This study determines BMD in elite female endurance runners and the associations between BMD, menstrual status, disordered eating, and training volume. Forty-four elite endurance runners participated in the cross-sectional study, and 7 provided longitudinal data. Low BMD was noted in 34.2% of the athletes at the lumbar spine, and osteoporosis in 33% at the radius. In cross-sectional analysis, there were no significant relationships between BMD and the possible associations. Menstrual dysfunction, disordered eating, and low BMD were coexistent in 15.9% of athletes. Longitudinal analysis identified a positive association between the BMD reduction at the lumbar spine and training volume (p = .026). This study confirms the presence of aspects of the female athlete triad in elite female endurance athletes and notes a substantial prevalence of low BMD and osteoporosis. Normal menstrual status was not significantly associated with normal BMD, and it is the authors’ practice that all elite female endurance athletes undergo dual-X-ray absorptiometry screening. The association between increased training volume, trend for menstrual dysfunction, and increased loss of lumbar BMD may support the concept that negative energy balance contributes to bone loss in athletes.

Correlations for Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence for Iranian Children

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Shahim
Keyword(s):  
Full Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Verbal Iq ◽  
Primary Scale ◽  
Vocabulary Comprehension ◽  
Picture Completion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Iranian Children ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations

This study focused on the relationship between the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children—Revised (WISC—R) and the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI) given to 40 6-yr.-old Iranian children. Pearson correlations between the WISC—R and the WPPSI IQs and between scaled scores on the corresponding subtests were significant. The comparison of mean IQs and scaled scores indicates that the WISC—R yielded a significantly higher Verbal IQ and higher scores on Information, Vocabulary, Comprehension, and Picture Completion than the WPPSI. The mean difference between corresponding Verbal and Full Scale IQs was not significant. These results suggest that scores on the two instruments correlated well for these 6-yr.-old Iranian children and the content on which IQs for the recently restandardized WISC—R and WPPSI are based are related.

scholarly journals Health Literacy and Active Transport in Austria: Results from a Rural Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Hofer-Fischanger ◽  
Bianca Fuchs-Neuhold ◽  
Alexander Müller ◽  
Gerlinde Grasser ◽  
Mireille N.M. van Poppel
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Active Transport ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training

Health literacy (HL) has been determined for the general population and for subgroups, though the relationship between HL and active transport in rural areas was not explored. The aim of our study is to investigate HL among citizens in an Austrian rural region and to explore the associations between HL and active transport. This cross-sectional telephone survey included 288 adults (171 women) with a mean age of 57.8 (SD 0.9). HL was assessed using the HLS-EU-Q16 questionnaire. Active transport was measured as the minutes per week spent on walking or cycling from A to B. After descriptive analysis, the association between HL and active transport was assessed using linear regression models. The mean HL score for all participants was 37.1 (SD 7.7). Among all subjects, 6.9% showed inadequate HL, 25.7% problematic HL, 38.9% sufficient HL, and 28.5% excellent HL. HL was significantly higher among citizens with high education (p = 0.04) and training/employment in healthcare (p = 0.001). Active transport was not associated with HL (p = 0.281). Active transport in rural areas might be influenced by other predictors like distance to work, street connectivity, and accessible facilities for walking and biking. This needs to be explored further for rural areas.

scholarly journals Progress Testing and Module Final Scoring as part of Curriculum Evaluation in Faculty of Medicine Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
Marita Fadhilah ◽  
Nurmila Sari ◽  
Sophie Dwiyanti ◽  
Erike A Suwarsono ◽  
Fika Ekayanti
Keyword(s):  
Curriculum Reform ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Curriculum Evaluation ◽  
Knowledge Development ◽  
Weak Correlation ◽  
Progress Testing ◽  
Final Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlations

Introduction: Progress testing (PT) reflects students’ knowledge development and is a valuable indicator for curriculum evaluation. Since 2009, Faculty of Medicine Syarif Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta (FMSH) has been conducting PT every year as a formative assessment. In 2012, curriculum reform was addressed to revise the 2005 curriculum; until then PT and curriculum evaluation were not conducted concurrently. This study aims to evaluate PT and assess whether there is a relationship between PT performance and final scores in modules, as part of curriculum evaluation.Method: It reviews PT for two cohorts: 571 students in 2015 and 562 students in 2016. 120 systembased topics were addressed in the PT. In this study the final scores for the old (2015) and new (2016) curriculum neuropsychiatry modules are reviewed, since their scores were lower than for other modules. Comparisons were made using ANOVA. Pearson correlations were calculated to examine the relationship between PT and final module scores.Results: This study revealed that PT scores between each grade (p < 0.001) from 2015 to 2016 improved significantly (54.49 ± 7.43 and 55.07 ± 8.32; p < 0.001). The mean of the final score of the new neuropsychiatry module was 69.36 ± 3.78 while the old one was 70.92 ± 3.99. Furthermore, Pearson correlation showed a weak correlation between final scores for the neuropsychiatry module and PT scores in 2015 (ρ = 0.191, p = 0.011).Discussion: PT scores increased significantly. Despite the final score of the new neuropsychiatry module being lower than the old one, there was heterogeneity in scores within the old neuropsychiatry module. The small number of neuropsychiatry items in the PT explains why the correlation between PT and final scores was weak. The weak correlation between final scores for the neuropsychiatry module and the PT scores in 2015; PT and final module scores seem reliable as indicators of curriculum evaluation. Further study is needed to analyze more cohort PT scores and modules.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 05 No. 01 January’21 Page: 62-68

scholarly journals Perfectionism, Mood States, and Choking in Asian University Baseball Players under Pressure during a Game

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12856
Author(s):  
Sang-Jin Yoon ◽  
Kazunori Irie ◽  
Jun-Ho Lee ◽  
Sea-Mi Lim
Keyword(s):  
Significant Influence ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Basic Data ◽  
Baseball Players ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among mood states, perfectionism, and choking, and to identify a mediating effect of perfectionism on the relationship between mood states and choking experienced by Asian university baseball players in extremely stressful situations during a game. Data collected from a total of 209 male university baseball players were analyzed using SPSS 21 and AMOS 21 statistical software. The mean age of study subjects was 20.25 years. Results are as follows. First, mood states had a positive influence on perfectionism. Second, mood states had no significant influence on choking. Third, perfectionism had a positive influence on choking. Lastly, perfectionism had a complete mediating effect on the relationship between mood states and choking. The study findings will provide basic data to relieve athletes’ psychological burdens, and prevent manifestations of extreme perfectionism and choking, which can ultimately help athletes maintain high self-control of their mood states and perfectionism for better performance.

Precompetitive Mood States and Performance of Elite Male Golfers: Do Trait Characteristics Make a Difference?

1998 ◽  
Vol 86 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1443-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hassmén ◽  
Nathalie Koivula ◽  
Torsten Hansson
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Profile Of Mood States ◽  
National Team ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Anxiety Test ◽  
Competitive Season ◽  
Sport Competition ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between preperformance mood, measured by the Profile of Mood States inventory, and subsequent athletic performance has been the focus of considerable research. Presumably, athletes with less positive mood profiles should be outperformed by those with more favorable profiles. The results presented so far in the literature are equivocal. One possible explanation is that more stable trait characteristics might mediate mood states prior to competitive situations. In the present study, 8 male golf players, all members of the Swedish National Team, completed a number of trait inventories (Eysenck's Personality Inventory, Locus of Control, Sport Competition Anxiety Test, Self-consciousness Scale) prior to the competitive season. Subsequently, they completed the Profile of Mood States before each game played. Analysis showed that the players' preperformance mood states differed significantly and that these differences were associated with their scores on the trait inventories. Furthermore, preperformance mood states were significantly related to athletic performance for some individuals but not for others. Further research should also include trait measurements to understand better the relationship between mood states and the athletic performance of individual athletes.

Dietary Microperiodization in Elite Female and Male Runners and Race Walkers During a Block of High Intensity Precompetition Training

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ida A. Heikura ◽  
Louise M. Burke ◽  
Antti A. Mero ◽  
Arja Leena Tuulia Uusitalo ◽  
Trent Stellingwerff
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Sports Nutrition ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Eating Patterns ◽  
Training Volume ◽  
Nutrition Guidelines ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
And Training

We investigated one week of dietary microperiodization in elite female (n = 23) and male (n = 15) runners and race-walkers by examining the frequency of training sessions and recovery periods conducted with recommended carbohydrate (CHO) and protein availability. Food and training diaries were recorded in relation to HARD (intense or >90min sessions; KEY) versus RECOVERY days (other-than KEY sessions; EASY). The targets for amount and timing of CHO and protein around KEY sessions were based on current nutrition recommendations. Relative daily energy and CHO intake was significantly (p < .05) higher in males (224 ± 26 kJ/kg/d, 7.3 ± 1.4 g/kg/d CHO) than females (204 ± 29 kJ/kg/d, 6.2 ± 1.1 g/kg/d CHO) on HARD days. However, when adjusted for training volume (km), there was no sex-based difference in CHO intake daily (HARD: 0.42 ± 0.14 vs 0.39 ± 0.15 g/kg/km). Females appeared to periodize energy and protein intake with greater intakes on HARD training days (204 ± 29 vs 187 ± 35 kJ/kg/d, p = .004; 2.0 ± 0.3 vs 1.9 ± 0.3 g/kg/d protein, p = .013), while males did not periodize intakes. Females showed a pattern of periodization of postexercise CHO for KEY vs EASY (0.9 ± 0.4 vs 0.5 ± 0.3 g/kg; p < .05) while males had higher intakes but only modest periodization (1.3 ± 0.9 vs 1.0 ± 0.4; p = .32). There was only modest evidence from female athletes of systematic microperiodization of eating patterns to meet contemporary sports nutrition guidelines. While this pattern of periodization was absent in males, in general they consumed more energy and CHO daily and around training sessions compared with females. Elite endurance athletes do not seem to systematically follow the most recent sports nutrition guidelines of periodized nutrition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document