Antioxidant Capacity in Hispanic Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Engaged in Resistance Training

Aging is associated with insulin resistance and the development of type 2 diabetes. While this process is multifaceted, age-related changes to skeletal muscle are expected to contribute to impaired glucose metabolism. Some of these changes include sarcopenia, impaired insulin signaling, and imbalances in glucose utilization. Endurance and resistance exercise training have been endorsed as interventions to improve glucose tolerance and whole-body insulin sensitivity in the elderly. While both types of exercise generally increase insulin sensitivity in older adults, the metabolic pathways through which this occurs can differ and can be dependent on preexisting conditions including obesity and type 2 diabetes. In this review, we will first highlight age-related changes to skeletal muscle which can contribute to insulin resistance, followed by a comparison of endurance and resistance training adaptations to insulin-stimulated glucose metabolism in older adults.

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Resistance Training and Older Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Strength of the Evidence

Journal of Aging Research ◽

10.1155/2012/284635 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-12 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Nina Hovanec ◽

Anuradha Sawant ◽

Tom J. Overend ◽

Robert J. Petrella ◽

Anthony A. Vandervoort

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Older Adults ◽

Body Composition ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Disease Process ◽

Point Estimate ◽

Process Measures ◽

Body Strength

Objective. This paper analyzes the effects of resistance training (RT) on metabolic, neuromuscular, and cardiovascular functions in older adults (mean age ≥ 65 years) with type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Research Design and Methods. A systematic review conducted by two reviewers of the published literature produced 3 records based on 2 randomized controlled trials that assessed the effect of RT on disease process measures and musculoskeletal/body composition measures. Statistical, Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (version 2) software was used to compute Hedge’s g, and results were calculated using the random effects model to account for methodological differences amongst studies.Results. Largest effect of RT was seen on muscle strength; especially lower body strength, while the point estimate effect on body composition was small and not statistically significant. The cumulative point estimate for the T2DM disease process measures was moderate and statistically significant.Conclusions. RT generally had a positive effect on musculoskeletal, body composition, and T2DM disease processes measures, with tentative conclusions based on a low number of completed RCTs. Thus, more research is needed on such programs for older adults (≥65 years) with T2DM.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus, resistance training, and innate immunity: is there a common link?

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h07-094 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 1025-1035 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jennifer M. DiPenta ◽

Julia M. Green-Johnson ◽

René J.L. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Older Adults ◽

Innate Immunity ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Innate Immune ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Positive Effects

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease that is very prevalent in the developed world. The etiology of this disease is not well understood. Recently, the role of the innate immune system in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications has received a great deal of attention. Cytokines, acute phase proteins, and phagocytes have been implicated in this model. Resistance training has known benefits in type 2 diabetic patients and older adults, such as improved insulin action, insulin sensitivity, fasting blood glucose and insulin, and glucose tolerance levels. Actions of pro-inflammatory mediators linked to dysregulated innate immune activity have been associated with type 2 diabetes. The immunomodulatory effects of exercise, and in particular approaches such as resistance training, may provide a strategy to counter these pro-inflammatory effectors. However, the effects of resistance training on innate immunity have not been studied extensively in adults with type 2 diabetes or in older adults who are at increased risk for development of type 2 diabetes. This review discusses the possibility that resistance training may have positive effects on innate immunity in this population and so may provide benefits in addition to improving strength and functional abilities. In particular, the potential of resistance training to modulate pro-inflammatory parameters associated with type 2 diabetes, as a strategy that could provide multiple beneficial health outcomes, is addressed.

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Effects of 8 Weeks of Flexibility and Resistance Training in Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes Care ◽

10.2337/diacare.27.12.2988 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 27 (12) ◽

pp. 2988-2989 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

M. T. Herriott ◽

S. R. Colberg ◽

H. K. Parson ◽

T. Nunnold ◽

A. I. Vinik

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training

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Skeletal muscle sodium glucose co-transporters in older adults with type 2 diabetes undergoing resistance training

International Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.7150/ijms.3.84 ◽

2006 ◽

pp. 84-91 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Francisco Castaneda ◽

Jennifer E. Layne ◽

Carmen Castaneda

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Older Adults ◽

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Resistance Training

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Does resistance training improve glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes?

Evidence-Based Practice ◽

10.1097/ebp.0000000000000827 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

David Gilbert ◽

Anne Mounsey

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Older Adults ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Glycemic Control

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Effect of session order in combined aerobic and resistance training on glycemic control in older adults with type 2 diabetes: a crossover study

Revista Brasileira de Atividade Física & Saúde ◽

10.12820/rbafs.26e0222 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Renato Ferreira Corrêa ◽

João Guilherme Vieira ◽

Marcelo Ricardo Dias

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Older Adults ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽

Training Session ◽

Acute Effect ◽

Combined Training ◽

Significant Difference

The session order of aerobic and resistance training seems to be important for glycemic behavior, as when performed in isolation they help to reduce glycosylated hemoglobin. The purpose of the present study was to compare the acute effect of aerobic and resistance training session orders on glycemia levels of older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. A counterbalanced crossover design was used in this study. Eighteen older adults with type 2 diabetes, 13 men and 5 women, non-insulin and beta-blocker dependents, were recruited. All participants performed two training sessions in different orders: aerobic + resistance (AER) and resistance + aerobic (RES). There was a seven-day interval between sessions. In the AER session, a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in blood glucose was observed between training (Mid moment: p < 0.001) and after each session (Post moment: p = 0.003) compared to the baseline (Pre moment). In the RES session, no difference (p = 0.731) was found at the Mid moment in relation to the Pre moment, but a significant (p < 0.001) decrease in blood glucose was observed in the Post moment. A comparison of the different training sessions showed a significant difference (p = 0.012) at the Mid moment, whereas the blood glucose showed a sharper reduction the AER session. In conclusion, we observed that combined training, regardless of the order, was effective for acute glycemic behavior in older people with type 2 diabetes, and aerobic training was the main factor responsible for the reduction blood glucose.

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