Differences In The Mitochondrial Capacity Of The Right And Left Biceps Brachii Muscle

Background: The biceps brachii is an important muscle of anterior compartment of arm. It shows frequent anatomic variability due to presence of supernumerary heads. Knowledge of the existence of the third head of biceps brachii is important for surgeons. Keeping this in mind a study was planned to see the incidence of additional head of biceps brachii in sample Indian population and to compare it with other racial groups.Methods: The study was carried out on 30 cadaveric upper limbs. The upper limbs were dissected and studied for the presence of additional head of biceps brachii. The attachment and nerve supply of the additional head was carefully observed, recorded and documented.Results: Out of 30 limbs which were dissected, additional head of biceps brachii was found only in two limbs. In both the cases the additional head was present only on the right side and arose from the anterior surface of humerus, superomedial to the origin of brachialis. The additional head fused with the common bulk of the muscle and was inserted into the radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis. The extra heads of biceps brachii muscle received branches from musculocutaneous nerve.Conclusions: Biceps brachii is one of the commonest muscles showing variations. The additional head is not only of academic importance, but its knowledge also helps clinicians in managing fractures of humerus and nerve entrapment.

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Third Head of the Biceps Brachii Muscle and a Communication between the Musculocutaneous and Median Nerves: A Case Report

Journal of Morphological Sciences ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1676860 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 36 (01) ◽

pp. 051-054

Author(s):

Caroline Dussin ◽

Lucas Moyses ◽

Sávio Siqueira

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Biceps Brachii ◽

Anatomical Variations ◽

Clinical Implications ◽

Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽

Present Case Report ◽

Communicating Branch ◽

Brachialis Muscle ◽

Male Cadaver ◽

The Right

AbstractMany authors have reported and classified several anatomical variations between the musculocutaneous (Mc) and median (Me) nerves, regarding their origin, number, and proximity with the coracobrachialis muscle. There also are, in the scientific community, records classifying the origin of supernumerary heads of the biceps brachii muscle. However, the occurrence of both aforementioned variations in the same arm is very uncommon. During a routine dissection of the right upper limb of a male cadaver, a third head of the biceps brachii was found originating from the fibers of the brachialis muscle, as well as a communicating branch between the Mc and the Me nerves, in the same limb. The objective of the present case report is to describe these multiple variations found, relating them and discussing their relevant clinical implications.

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Dynamics of Сhanges in the Power Characteristics of the Biceps Brachii Muscle under the Influence of Different Vibration Effects

Journal of restorative medicine and rehabilitation ◽

10.38025/2078-1962-2021-20-2-62-68 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 62-68

Author(s):

Anastasia S. Trepova ◽

Mikhail A. Eremushkin

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Vibration Frequency ◽

Biceps Brachii ◽

Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽

Average Increase ◽

Biceps Muscle ◽

Left Hand ◽

Power Characteristics ◽

Vibration Therapy ◽

The Right

Aim. To determine the effects of vibration therapy devices exposure with a constant and aperiodic frequency of vibrations on the tissue of the biceps muscle of the shoulder. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 10 volunteers aged 24-35 years. the program Adobe Audition CC 2020, the device for vibration therapy with a constant vibration frequency “Charm 1-t”, the device for vibration therapy with an aperiodic vibration frequency “Individual massager with a pseudo-boiling layer” (MI EPS), the robotic biomechanical diagnostic and training complex with biological feedback CON-TREX were used. The measurement of the maximum strength of the biceps brachii muscle was carried out once to detect sensitivity to vibration, and then during 7 days for the dynamics of power characteristics. The maximum force was measured before exposure to vibrotherapy devices and immediately after exposure using the isokinetic classical mode of operation of the diagnostic system. Results. In a single measurement of biceps strength on one shoulder in a group of women, the average increase in muscle strength after using the Charm 1-T device was 0.8 N (2.3%), after using MI EPS – 1.9 N (6.4%). In the group of men, the average increase in muscle strength after using the device “Charm 1-T” was 1.9 N (3.2%), after using “MI EPS” – 4.6 N (7.2%). At the seven-day follow-up, the average increase in strength in the group of women on the right hand after using the Charm 1-T device was 21.8% (5.6 N), on the left hand after using MI EPS, the increase was 23.2% (6.1 N). In the group of men, the average increase in strength on the right hand after using “Charm 1-T” was 53% (30.7 N), on the left hand after using “MI EPS” – 15.5% (11.5 N). Conclusion. All participants in the study groups were determined to be sensitive to both types of vibration exposure. The study participants demonstrated an increase in strength indicators when testing the biceps muscle of the shoulder, and there was also an improvement in the tolerability of the procedure itself.

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Absence of musculocutaneous nerve and accessory head of biceps brachii: a case report

Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1699123 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 38 (02) ◽

pp. 114-146

Author(s):

L Arora ◽

R Dhingra

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Median Nerve ◽

Upper Limb ◽

Biceps Brachii ◽

Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽

Nerve Supply ◽

Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽

Nerve Roots ◽

Lateral Cutaneous Nerve ◽

The Right

ABSTRACTDuring dissection of a 55-year-old female cadaver, we observed that three nerve roots contributed to the formation of Median nerve in her right upper limb. Along with this variation, absence of Musculocutaneous nerve was noticed. The muscles of front of arm i.e. Biceps Brachii, Brachialis and Coracobrachialis received their nerve supply from Median nerve. The Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm was derived from Median nerve. Also an accessory head of Biceps Brachii muscle was present in the right arm of the same cadaver. It is extremely important to be aware of these variations while planning a surgery in the region of axilla or arm as these nerves are more liable to be injured during operations.

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Incidence of the third head of biceps brachii in population of Andhra Pradesh

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3401699 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 02 (01) ◽

pp. 026-030

Author(s):

Vishal Manoharrao Salve ◽

Chandaka Swathi Poornima ◽

Mandava Prabhakar Rao

Keyword(s):

Andhra Pradesh ◽

Biceps Brachii ◽

Operative Procedure ◽

Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽

Formaldehyde Solution ◽

Upper Limbs ◽

The Third ◽

Human Cadavers ◽

Fusiform Muscle ◽

The Right

Abstract Background and aims : The biceps brachii is a large fusiform muscle in the flexor compartment of the arm. In terms of the number and morphology of its head, the biceps brachii muscle is one of the most variable muscles in human body. The present study explores the importance of such variations. Materials and methods: The upper limbs of embalmed human cadavers (fixed in 10 % formaldehyde solution) were included in present study. Total 36 (72 upper limbs) cadavers were studied by dissection. Results: Among the 72 superior extremities studied, six (8.33%) arms were found to have a three- headed biceps brachii muscles. The variation was present in the left arm of four males and one female. The variation was present in the right arm of one male. Conclusion : Presence of third head of biceps brachii muscle might increase its kinematics. Supernumerary heads of biceps brachii muscle may become significant in pre-operative procedure and during surgery of upper limb.

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Accessory head of biceps brachii muscle in North Indian cadavers

National Journal of Clinical Anatomy ◽

10.1055/s-0039-3401542 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 04 (01) ◽

pp. 030-034

Author(s):

Gurbachan Singh Gindha ◽

Anand Kumar Sharma ◽

Ratesh Kumar Munjal

Keyword(s):

Median Nerve ◽

Brachial Artery ◽

Biceps Brachii ◽

Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽

Formaldehyde Solution ◽

Medical College ◽

The Third ◽

Long Head ◽

The Right ◽

Large Muscle

Abstract Background and aims : The biceps brachii is the large muscle of flexor compartment of arm. Normally it arises by two heads (long head and short head) and gets insertion in two parts (tendinous part and aponeurotic parts). The biceps brachii muscle is well known for variation in its origin. These variations can cause compression of brachial artery and median nerve which may pass deep to the accessory head of biceps brachii muscle, and can create problems for surgeons. So the surgeons should keep in mind such variations of biceps brachii muscle. The present study is to find out the variations in the origin of biceps brachii muscle. Material and methods: The present study was conducted in the department of anatomy of Gian Sagar Medical College, Ramnagar, Rajpura district Patiala (Punjab). In this study 32 human cadaveric limbs which were embalmed and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution were used and these limbs were dissected and variations in origin of the biceps brachii muscle were noted. Results : Out of 32 limbs, 3 limbs (9.38%) were having three heads of biceps brachii muscle in its origin. The variations were found in the right limbs only. Conclusions : The knowledge of accessory head of biceps brachii muscle is important for the surgeons and troumatologists because there can be iatrogenic injury to the third head of biceps brachii muscle.

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Isolated Musculocutaneous Nerve Injury in a Professional Baseball Player: A Case Report

Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports ◽

10.13107/jocr.2021.v11.i03.2112 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Takeshi Kataoka ◽

Takeshi Kokubu ◽

Yutaka Mifune ◽

Atsuyuki Inui ◽

Tetsuya Yamazaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nerve Injury ◽

Biceps Brachii ◽

Compound Muscle Action Potential ◽

Musculocutaneous Nerve ◽

Professional Baseball ◽

Motor Unit Potential ◽

Nerve Lesion ◽

Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽

Baseball Pitcher ◽

The Right

Introduction: Musculocutaneous nerve lesion in a throwing athlete is a rare condition. We report the case of a professional baseball pitcher with an isolated musculocutaneous nerve lesion that occurred during a pitching motion. Case Presentation: The patient had radiating pain in the upper arm and weakness of elbow flexion. Physical examination revealed flaccid paralysis of the biceps brachii muscle and paresthesia in the right lateral forearm. Musculocutaneous nerve injury was suspected. Because some signs of recovery were observed within a few days, the patient received non-operative management. Nerve conduction studies at 2 weeks after the injury showed low-amplitude compound muscle action potential of the right biceps brachii muscle by stimulation of the musculocutaneous nerve. Needle electromyography showed markedly reduced motor unit potential recruitment in the biceps brachii muscle. He was diagnosed as having isolated musculocutaneous nerve injury. At 2 months after the injury, the muscle contraction and strength of the biceps brachii muscle improved. At 7 months after the injury, muscle weakness was fully recovered. His pitching ability returned to that of a competitive player. Conclusion: Because the neuroparalysis was incomplete and began to recover within a few days, we considered the pathology of this injury to be incomplete axonotmesis, which was successfully treated conservatively. Keywords: Isolated musculocutaneous nerve injury, baseball pitcher, axonotmesis.

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The Impact of Rectification on the Electrically Evoked Long-Latency Reflex of the Biceps Brachii Muscle

Klinische Neurophysiologie ◽

10.1055/s-0033-1337271 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 44 (01) ◽

Author(s):

S Alaid ◽

M Kornhuber

Keyword(s):

Biceps Brachii ◽

Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽

Long Latency ◽

Long Latency Reflex ◽

The Impact

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Two muscular variations in the elbow associated with the anterior interosseous nerve

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy ◽

10.1007/s00276-021-02706-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Łukasz Olewnik ◽

Bartłomiej Szewczyk ◽

Nicol Zielinska ◽

Dariusz Grzelecki ◽

Michał Polguj

Keyword(s):

Biceps Brachii ◽

Clinical Importance ◽

Ulnar Artery ◽

Flexor Pollicis Longus ◽

Main Band ◽

Anatomical Dissection ◽

Pronator Teres ◽

Anterior Interosseous Nerve ◽

Male Cadaver ◽

The Right

AbstractThe coexistence of different muscular-neurovascular variations is of significant clinical importance. A male cadaver, 76 years old at death, was subjected to routine anatomical dissection; the procedure was performed for research and teaching purposes at the Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation, Medical University of Lodz. The right forearm and hand were dissected using standard techniques according to a strictly specified protocol. The presence accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus may potentially compress the anterior interosseous nerve. The present case report describes a rare variant of the ulnar head of the pronator teres, characterized by two independent bands (i.e., two proximal attachments). The main band originates from the coronoid process and the second originates from the tendon of the biceps brachii. This type of attachment could potentially affect the compression of the ulnar artery running between the two bands. Additionally, the accessory head of the flexor pollicis longus was observed, which started on the medial epicondyle; its coexistence with a high division median nerve creates a potential pressure site on the anterior interesosseous nerve.

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Is it the coracobrachialis superior muscle, or is it an unidentified rare variant of coracobrachialis muscle?

Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy ◽

10.1007/s00276-021-02773-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Łukasz Olewnik ◽

Nicol Zielinska ◽

Łukasz Gołek ◽

Paloma Aragonés ◽

Jose Ramon Sanudo

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Rare Variant ◽

Shoulder Joint ◽

Biceps Brachii ◽

Coracoid Process ◽

Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽

Shoulder Region

AbstractThe coracobrachialis muscle (CBM) originates from the apex of the coracoid process, in common with the short head of the biceps brachii muscle, and from the intermuscular septum. The CBM demonstrates variability in both the proximal and distal attachment, with some extremely rare varieties, such as the coracobrachialis superior, coracobrachialis longus and coracocapsularis muscle. This case report describes an extremely rare variant of the coracobrachialis superior muscle, or a very rare variant of the CBM. Our findings highlight the importance of muscle variants in the shoulder region, especially the coracoid region, and are significant for radiologists, anatomists, physiotherapists and surgeons specializing in the shoulder joint.

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