scholarly journals Long-term Consequences of Vietnam-Era Conscription: New Estimates Using Social Security Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D Angrist ◽  
Stacey H Chen ◽  
Jae Song
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Rapid Convergence ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Vietnam Era ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Draft Lottery ◽  
Social Security Disability ◽  
The Impact

We use the draft lottery to construct instrumental variables (IV) estimates of the impact of Vietnam-era military service on veterans' Social Security (SSA) earnings through 2007. We also use SSA data to construct IV estimates for employment (as measured by an indicator for positive earnings) and disability status (as measured by an indicator for social security disability program application). New findings for recent years show surprisingly rapid convergence in veteran and nonveteran earnings: by the early 1990s, there was no longer a substantial Vietnam-era conscription penalty. The IV estimates also show no effect on employment or disability rates.

scholarly journals Ageing, limb-loss and military veterans: a systematic review of the literature

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1582-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICK CADDICK ◽  
HELEN CULLEN ◽  
AMANDA CLARKE ◽  
MATT FOSSEY ◽  
MICHAEL HILL ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Military Veterans ◽  
Limb Loss ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe impact of losing a limb in military service extends well beyond initial recovery and rehabilitation, with long-term consequences and challenges requiring health-care commitments across the lifecourse. This paper presents a systematic review of the current state of knowledge regarding the long-term impact of ageing and limb-loss in military veterans. Key databases were systematically searched including: ASSIA, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, PsycArticles/PsychInfo, ProQuest Psychology and ProQuest Sociology Journals, and SPORTSDiscus. Empirical studies which focused on the long-term impact of limb-loss and/or health-care requirements in veterans were included. The search process revealed 30 papers relevant for inclusion. These papers focused broadly on four themes: (a) long-term health outcomes, prosthetics use and quality of life; (b) long-term psycho-social adaptation and coping with limb-loss; (c) disability and identity; and (d) estimating the long-term costs of care and prosthetic provision. Findings present a compelling case for ensuring the long-term care needs and costs of rehabilitation for older limbless veterans are met. A dearth of information on the lived experience of limb-loss and the needs of veterans’ families calls for further research to address these important issues.

scholarly journals Long-lasting consequences of war on disability

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 860-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Palmer ◽  
Cuong Viet Nguyen ◽  
Sophie Mitra ◽  
Daniel Mont ◽  
Nora Ellen Groce
Keyword(s):  
United States Air Force ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Disability Rate ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Vietnamese Population ◽  
Nutritional Environment ◽  
The Impact

This article investigates the impact of exposure to United States air force bombing during 1965–75 on the disability status of individuals in Vietnam in 2009. Using a combination of national census and US military data and an instrumental variable strategy which exploits the distance to the former North–South border as a quasi-experiment, the article finds a positive and significant impact of bombing exposure on district level disability rates 40 years after the war. The overall effect of bombing on the long-term disability rate among the Vietnamese population is highest among heavily bombed districts. Districts in the top bombing quintile experience a 25% relative increase in the rate of disability attributable to bombing compared with districts in the lowest bombing quintile. Effects are highest on the prevalence of severe disability and among cohorts before the war’s end. A smaller, yet significant, effect is found among cohorts born after the war. The article finds further evidence of indirect channels through which bombing may have impacted on long-term disability including adverse effects on nutritional environment and human capital attainment. These findings add to the evidence from Vietnam and indicate that wars inflict costs on the health of human populations that last longer than those relating to economic growth and welfare.

scholarly journals Schooling and the Vietnam-Era GI Bill: Evidence from the Draft Lottery

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua D Angrist ◽  
Stacey H Chen
Keyword(s):  
Vietnam Veterans ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Gi Bill ◽  
Economic Return ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Vietnam Era ◽  
Draft Lottery

Draft-lottery estimates of the causal effects of Vietnam-era military service using 2000 census data show marked schooling gains for veterans. We argue that these gains can be attributed to Vietnam veterans' use of the GI Bill rather than draft avoidance behavior. At the same time, draft lottery estimates of the earnings consequences of Vietnam-era service are close to zero in 2000. The earnings and schooling results can be reconciled by a flattening of the age-earnings profile in middle age and a modest economic return to the schooling subsidized by the GI Bill. Other long-run consequences of Vietnam-era service include increases in migration and public sector employment. (JEL H52, I22, I23, J24, J31, J45)

The Effect of Smoking in Young Adulthood on Smoking Later in Life: Evidence based on the Vietnam Era Draft Lottery

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Eisenberg ◽  
Brian Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Unresolved Question ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Vietnam Era ◽  
Draft Lottery

An important, unresolved question for health policymakers and consumers is whether cigarette smoking in young adulthood has lasting effects into later adulthood. The Vietnam era draft lottery offers an opportunity to address this question, because it randomly assigned young men to be more likely to experience conditions favoring cigarette consumption, including highly subsidized prices. Using this natural experiment, we find that military service increased the probability of smoking by 35 percentage points as of 1978-80, when men in the relevant cohorts were aged 25-30, but later in adulthood this effect was substantially attenuated and did not lead to large negative health effects.

The War at Home: Effects of Vietnam-Era Military Service on Postwar Household Stability

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 350-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalton Conley ◽  
Jennifer Heerwig
Keyword(s):  
Military Service ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
American Community Survey ◽  
Vietnam Era ◽  
Veteran Status ◽  
Draft Lottery

Prior researchers have deployed the Vietnam-era draft lottery as an instrument to estimate causal effects of military service on health and earnings. However, household and residential outcomes may be more sensitive to the psychological effects of military service. Using 2SLS analyses of the 2000 Census and the 2005 American Community Survey, we find mixed results for residential stability, housing tenure, and extended family residence. While in the ACS white veterans are less mobile, veteran status has no effect on homeownership. Veteran status reduces extended family living for whites in the Census but increases it for ACS veterans of “other” races.

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