scholarly journals Frictions in a Competitive, Regulated Market: Evidence from Taxis

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (8) ◽  
pp. 2954-2992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume R. Fréchette ◽  
Alessandro Lizzeri ◽  
Tobias Salz
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Returns To Scale ◽  
Effective Density ◽  
Matching Process ◽  
Matching Frictions ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Market Density

This paper presents a dynamic equilibrium model of a taxi market. The model is estimated using data from New York City yellow cabs. Two salient features by which most taxi markets deviate from the efficient market ideal are, first, matching frictions created by the need for both market sides to physically search for trading partners, and second, regulatory limitations to entry. To assess the importance of these features, we use the model to simulate the effect of changes in entry, alternative matching technologies, and different market density. We use the geographical features of the matching process to back out unobserved demand through a matching simulation. The matching function exhibits increasing returns to scale, which is important to understand the impact of changes in this market and has welfare implications. For instance, although alternative dispatch platforms can be more efficient than street-hailing, platform competition is harmful because it reduces effective density. (JEL C78, L51, L84, L92, L98, R48)

The Impact of Customer Loyalty and Restaurant Sanitation Grades on Revisit Intention and the Importance of Narrative Information: The Case of New York Restaurant Sanitation Grading System

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Gyung Kim ◽  
Hyunjoo Yang ◽  
Anna S. Mattila
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Customer Loyalty ◽  
York City ◽  
Letter Grades ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Revisit Intentions ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Loyal Customers

New York City launched a restaurant sanitation letter grade system in 2010. We evaluate the impact of customer loyalty on restaurant revisit intentions after exposure to a sanitation grade alone, and after exposure to a sanitation grade plus narrative information about sanitation violations (e.g., presence of rats). We use a 2 (loyalty: high or low) × 4 (sanitation grade: A, B, C, or pending) between-subjects full factorial design to test the hypotheses using data from 547 participants recruited from Amazon MTurk who reside in the New York City area. Our study yields three findings. First, loyal customers exhibit higher intentions to revisit restaurants than non-loyal customers, regardless of sanitation letter grades. Second, the difference in revisit intentions between loyal and non-loyal customers is higher when sanitation grades are poorer. Finally, loyal customers are less sensitive to narrative information about sanitation violations.

The Public Sector Mediation Process

1978 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Kochan ◽  
Todd Jick
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Mediation Process ◽  
Municipal Governments ◽  
The Public ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

This paper develops and tests a model of the labor mediation process using data from a sample of negotiations involving municipal governments and police and firefighter unions in the State of New York. The test of the model also incorporates an estimate of the impact of a change in the statutory impasse procedures governing these groups. The model examines the impact of (1) alternative sources of impasse, (2) situational characteristics, (3) strategies of the mediators, and (4) personal characteristics of the mediators on the probability of settlement, percentage of issues resolved in mediation, movement or compromising behavior, and the tendency to hold back concessions in mediation. The results indicate that the change in the impasse procedure had a marginal affect on the probability of settlement in the small to medium cities in the sample but little or no effect on the larger cities. Furthermore, a number of other measures of the sources of impasse and mediator strategies and characteristics had a stronger impact on the effectiveness of the mediation process than the nature of the impasse procedure.

scholarly journals The Caribbean and its Linkages with the World

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (256) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Vargas ◽  
Daniela Hess
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Financial Variables ◽  
The World ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Global Var ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Using data from 1980-2017, this paper estimates a Global VAR (GVAR) model taylored for the Caribbean region which includes its major trading partners, representing altogether around 60 percent of the global economy. We provide stilyzed facts of the main interrelations between the Caribbean region and the rest of the world, and then we quantify the impact of external shocks on Caribbean countries through the application of two case studies: i) a change in the international price of oil, and ii) an increase in the U.S. GDP. We confirmed that Caribbean countries are highly exposed to external factors, and that a fall in oil prices and an increase in the U.S. GDP have a positive and large impact on most of them after controlling for financial variables, exchange rate fluctuations and overall price changes. The results from the model help to disentangle effects from various channels that interact at the same time, such as flows of tourists, trade of goods, and changes in economic conditions in the largest economies of the globe.

The Impact of Shelter Environment, Parental Communication, and Supervision on Depression Outcomes Among an Urban Sample of Adolescent First-Time Shelter Users in New York City

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 3075-3095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Binta Alleyne-Green ◽  
Alex Kulick ◽  
Hadiza L. Osuji ◽  
Nisha Beharie ◽  
Yvette Sealy
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Parental Communication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Environment Quality ◽  
Urban Sample ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

Using data from the cross-sectional HIV prevention Outreach for Parents and Early Adolescents (HOPE) study, we explored the impact of shelter environment, quality parenting, as well as the effects of gender and first-time shelter use on depression outcomes among 243 adolescent shelter users in New York City. Results indicate comfort in the shelter environment, and higher rates of monitoring and supervision were associated with lower rates of depression. Girls residing in shelters for the first time reported highest rates of depression. Recommendations for future interventions with this population are discussed.

Constructing the Empire: English Governors, Imperial Policy, and Inter-imperial Trade in New York City and the Leeward Islands, 1650–1689

Itinerario ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-60
Author(s):  
Christian J. Koot
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
York City ◽  
Leeward Islands ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Navigation Acts ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Trade

AbstrsctThis article uses a comparative perspective to consider the role that English governors played in facilitating inter-imperial trade with the Dutch in New York City and the ports of the English Leeward Islands, including Bridgetown, Barbados, during the seventeenth century. As governors struggled to establish viable colonies these men worked to supply needed trade goods, often allowing their colonists to turn to Dutch colonies and the Netherlands as trading partners, understanding the ways in which these executives negotiated between imperial policies, primarily the Navigation Acts, and the needs of their charges is crucial to understanding how colonies developed. Further, investigating the ways in which governors fostered, regulated, or prevented inter-imperial trade with the Dutch illustrates how governors and colonists implemented and adapted mercantile policy in different colonies, places that depended upon the transfer of culture, goods and entrepreneurial activities across imperial boundaries. Complementing recent scholarship describing the extent of inter-imperial and cross-national trade in the seventeenth-century Atlantic, this article examines the impact English governors had on local merchant communities and their efforts to trade with the Dutch.

scholarly journals To mask or not to mask: Modeling the potential for face mask use by the general public to curtail the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steffen E. Eikenberry ◽  
Marina Mancuso ◽  
Enahoro Iboi ◽  
Tin Phan ◽  
Keenan Eikenberry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
General Public ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
New York State ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Epidemic Dynamics ◽  
Highly Nonlinear ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

AbstractFace mask use by the general public for limiting the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic is controversial, though increasingly recommended, and the potential of this intervention is not well understood. We develop a compartmental model for assessing the community-wide impact of mask use by the general, asymptomatic public, a portion of which may be asymptomatically infectious. Model simulations, using data relevant to COVID-19 dynamics in the US states of New York and Washington, suggest that broad adoption of even relatively ineffective face masks may meaningfully reduce community transmission of COVID-19 and decrease peak hospitalizations and deaths. Moreover, mask use decreases the effective transmission rate in nearly linear proportion to the product of mask effectiveness (as a fraction of potentially infectious contacts blocked) and coverage rate (as a fraction of the general population), while the impact on epidemiologic outcomes (death, hospitalizations) is highly nonlinear, indicating masks could synergize with other non-pharmaceutical measures. Notably, masks are found to be useful with respect to both preventing illness in healthy persons and preventing asymptomatic transmission. Hypothetical mask adoption scenarios, for Washington and New York state, suggest that immediate near universal (80%) adoption of moderately (50%) effective masks could prevent on the order of 17–45% of projected deaths over two months in New York, while decreasing the peak daily death rate by 34–58%, absent other changes in epidemic dynamics. Even very weak masks (20% effective) can still be useful if the underlying transmission rate is relatively low or decreasing: In Washington, where baseline transmission is much less intense, 80% adoption of such masks could reduce mortality by 24–65% (and peak deaths 15–69%), compared to 2–9% mortality reduction in New York (peak death reduction 9–18%). Our results suggest use of face masks by the general public is potentially of high value in curtailing community transmission and the burden of the pandemic. The community-wide benefits are likely to be greatest when face masks are used in conjunction with other non-pharmaceutical practices (such as social-distancing), and when adoption is nearly universal (nation-wide) and compliance is high.

scholarly journals Stigma Impacts Health Disparities and Inequities in LGBTQ and People of Color Aging With HIV

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 221-222
Author(s):  
Paul Nash ◽  
Mark Brennan-Ing ◽  
Stephen Karpiak ◽  
Anna Egbert
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New York ◽  
Health Disparities ◽  
Health Status ◽  
People Of Color ◽  
Medical Services ◽  
Black African ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of stigmatizing attitudes and discriminatory behaviors on health disparities and inequities in non-heterosexual individuals, people of color (PoC), older adults, and persons living with HIV becomes increasingly recognized. This quartette of stigmatized characteristics elevates the risk of barriers to medical services, burden of disease and unfavorable health outcomes in LGBTQ-PoC aging with HIV. Using data from ROAH 2.0 study (N=723), we explored facets of stigma, barriers to medical services and health status in racial/ethnic minorities of older adults with HIV (OAH) living in California, New York, and Illinois. Stigma was evident in >50% of OAH who expressed reservation to self-disclose HIV status. Importantly, 20%-24% of Asian, Black/African-American, Hispanic/Latinx and Multiracial vs. 7% White OAH withheld this information from at least one health care provider. Over 10% of OAH experienced prejudice/discrimination while accessing service. Non-disclosure and prejudice/discrimination were linked to lower self-rated health status, thus, evidencing stigma-related health burden.

scholarly journals Waiting for affordable housing in New York City

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Sieg ◽  
Chamna Yoon
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Public Housing ◽  
Affordable Housing ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Adjustment Costs ◽  
Search Frictions ◽  
Rental Markets ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Housing Vacancy

We develop a new dynamic equilibrium model with heterogeneous households that captures the most important frictions that arise in housing rental markets and explains the political popularity of affordable housing policies. We estimate the model using data collected by the New York Housing Vacancy Survey in 2011. We find that there are significant adjustment costs in all markets as well as serious search frictions in the market for affordable housing. Moreover, there are large queuing frictions in the market for public housing. Having access to rent‐stabilized housing increases household welfare by up to $ 65 , 000 . Increasing the supply of affordable housing by 10 % significantly improves the welfare of all renters in the city. Progressive taxation of higher‐income households that live in public housing can also be welfare improving.

Abstract WP287: Modeling the Impact of Pre-Hospital Triage on a True Life Drip and Ship Thrombectomy Patient Cohort

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Giovanni ◽  
Liorah Rubenstein ◽  
Shahram Majidi ◽  
Laura Stein ◽  
Johanna T Fifi
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Endovascular Intervention ◽  
Large Vessel ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Primary Stroke Center ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Stroke Center ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Patients with emergent large vessel occlusions (ELVO) are often brought to the closest hospital, possibly given intravenous tPA, and transferred to a hospital capable of performing endovascular intervention. This results in significant delays to thrombectomy and worse patient outcomes when compared with patients brought directly to endovascular centers. In New York City, the pre-hospital system has created a protocol for EMS to use a clinical screening tool to triage stroke patients, and bring those with suspected ELVO directly to comprehensive (CSC) or thrombectomy-capable stroke centers (TSC). Objective: To model the impact of EMS triage protocols on administration of tPA, initiation of endovascular therapy, and recanalization of large vessel occlusions using a real life cohort of thrombectomy patients. Methods: Using our system wide prospectively collected stroke database, we selected a consecutive cohort of 80 thrombectomy patients who were brought by EMS to a primary stroke center then transferred to a TSC or CSC for endovascular intervention. The patient’s initial EMS pickup address was used to calculate the closest TSC or CSC using Google Maps API. Driving time was calculated based on traffic patterns at the time of pickup. Using data from a cohort of 69 consecutive patients that were brought directly to a TSC or CSC by EMS and underwent endovascular intervention, we derived median door to needle and door to groin puncture times. These times, combined with calculated driving distance, were used to model the timing of treatment in the triage model. Timings in the actual cohort versus the model were compared. Results: In the “actual” drip and ship cohort versus our model, first medical contact (FMC) to endovascular center door was 211 versus 32 minutes (p<0.01), first medical contact (FMC) to tPA was 91 versus 81 minutes (p=0.07), FMC to groin puncture was 265 versus 154 minutes (p<0.01), and FMC to TICI2B+ recanalization was 313 versus 205 minutes (p<0.01). Conclusions: Modeled EMS pre-hospital triage of ELVO patients results in a significant decrease in endovascular treatment times without change in tPA times. As triage tools increase in sensitivity and specificity, EMS triage protocols stand to improve patient outcomes.

Bike-Share Systems: Accessibility and Availability

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 3803-3824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kabra ◽  
Elena Belavina ◽  
Karan Girotra
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Operations Management ◽  
Demand Model ◽  
User Interest ◽  
Structural Demand ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Bike Share

The cities of Paris, London, Chicago, and New York (among many others) have set up bike-share systems to facilitate the use of bicycles for urban commuting. This paper estimates the impact of two facets of system performance on bike-share ridership: accessibility (how far the user must walk to reach stations) and bike-availability (the likelihood of finding a bicycle). We obtain these estimates from a structural demand model for ridership estimated using data from the Vélib’ system in Paris. We find that every additional meter of walking to a station decreases a user’s likelihood of using a bike from that station by 0.194% (±0.0693%), and an even more significant reduction at higher distances (>300 m). These estimates imply that almost 80% of bike-share usage comes from areas within 300 m of stations, highlighting the need for dense station networks. We find that a 10% increase in bike-availability would increase ridership by 12.211% (±1.097%), three-fourths of which comes from fewer abandonments and the rest of which comes from increased user interest. We illustrate the use of our estimates in comparing the effect of adding stations or increasing bike-availabilities in different parts of the city, at different times, and in evaluating other proposed improvements. This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

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