Accounting for the Growth of MNC-Based Trade Using a Structural Model of U.S. MNCs

2006 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 1515-1558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E Feinberg ◽  
Michael P Keane
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Technical Change ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Time Production ◽  
Trade Growth ◽  
Tariff Reductions

In recent decades, U.S. foreign trade grew much faster than GDP, but there is no consensus why. Notably lacking is an understanding of the role of multinational corporations (MNCs), which mediate over half of world trade. We use Bureau of Economic Analysis data on U.S. MNCs to study the rapid growth of MNC-based trade from 1983 to 1996. Using a model of U.S. MNCs and Canadian affiliates, we decompose this growth by source. Tariff reductions can largely explain increases in arms-length MNC-based trade. But intra-firm trade growth is attributed mostly to “technical change.” We present additional evidence suggesting just-in-time production facilitated intra-firm trade. (JEL F13, F14, F23)

The impact of lean manufacturing practices on operational and financial performance: the mediating role of agile manufacturing

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meriem Khalfallah ◽  
Lassaad Lakhal
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Lean Manufacturing ◽  
Agile Manufacturing ◽  
Operational Performance ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Time Production ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThis empirical study aims to explore the link between lean manufacturing practices (total quality management, just-in-time production, just-in-time purchasing, total productive/preventive maintenance), agile manufacturing, and operational and financial performance.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 205 Tunisian manufacturing firms, and the results were analyzed using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results indicate that (1) lean manufacturing practices have a direct positive relationship with agile manufacturing except for just-in-time production, (2) agile manufacturing has a positive impact on operational performance and (3) lean manufacturing practices did not seem to contribute directly to operational performance. However, this relationship is significant when it is mediated through agile manufacturing.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper shows practitioners the importance of lean manufacturing practices to support agile manufacturing and the key role of agile manufacturing to ensure operational performance.Originality/valueThis paper presents an innovative approach since it studies simultaneously the three dimensions of lean manufacturing and their relationship with agile manufacturing and organizational performance.

The Role of Information Technology in the Advancement of Multinational Corporations’ Intellectual Capital

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona A. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Intellectual Capital ◽  
Core Competencies ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Global Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Geographically Distributed ◽  
Role Of Information

The article provides a systematic multidisciplinary framework that defines the role of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in leveraging Intellectual Capital (IC) across borders and between headquarters and subsidiaries of Multinational Companies (MNCs). In reaching this goal, this article investigates the strategic importance and value of ICT in the management of IC within MNC ecosystem. More importantly, the paper addresses the transubstantiation of MNC into boundaryless Global Knowledge-Based Organization (GKB-MNC) which ultimately propagates into Learning MNC (LMNC). The latter is a proposed MNC type that sustains competitive advantage through systemic adoption of “Knowledge Iterative Supply Network (KISN)” model proposed by the author. Furthermore, the article suggests a new multinational ICT/IC governance strategy that handles the emerging complexities associated with the modern intangible assets reuse, synthesis and synergy. In effect, these complexities originate from the introduction of functionalities such as just-in-time knowledge supply, elicitation of tacit knowledge, and leveraging of the core competencies for the creation and maintenance of geographically distributed value proposition.

Role of Technological Innovations in Improving Manufacturing Resilience in the Post-Covid Era

2022 ◽  
pp. 76-84
Author(s):  
Ekansh Agarwal ◽  
Ramatu Ussif
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Just In Time ◽  
Automotive Sector ◽  
Critical Position ◽  
Time Production ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Recovery Strategies ◽  
Local Manufacturing

Technological progress is critical for improving manufacturing resilience and achieving self-sufficiency in any nation. The COVID-19 crisis has shown the importance of, as well as the threats associated with, our new industrial processes. Manufacturing's critical position in both industrialized and emerging economies has been shown by shortages of medical supplies and disruptions in basic goods. These delays and market fluctuations have also highlighted the pitfalls of focusing solely on a globalized distribution system characterized by fragmented supply chains, the separation of engineering and manufacturing, and just-in-time production. Although globalisation was the trend before the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries realized the dangers and began to look inward, focusing on developing local manufacturing capacities. In addition, the automotive sector has established itself as a cornerstone of post-COVID-19 recovery strategies.

'Restrictive Business Practices', report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, April 1972.

1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-316
Author(s):  
G. M. Radhu
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
International Firms ◽  
The World ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Financial Power ◽  
Administrative Structures

The report by the UNCTAD Secretariat, submitted to the third session of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development held in Santiago (Chile) in April 1972, deals with the restrictive business practices of the multinational corporations with special reference to the export interests of the developing countries. Since the world war, there has been a tremendous growth in the size and activities of many international firms. They have grown from the national corporation to the multidivisional corporation and now to the multinational corporation. With each step they acquired greater financial power, better technology and know-how and more complex administrative structures. They have subsidiaries and branches all over the world. In the course of the sixties they became one of the dominant factors in determining the pattern of world trade. At the same time, their increasingly restrictive business practices, which tended to adversely affect world trade and the export interest of less developed countries, attracted the attention of the governments both in developed and less developed countries and serious concern was shown at the international level. It is against this background that the UNCTAD undertook the study on the question of restrictive business practices.

Irrational Exuberance, 2004–2007

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashoka Mody
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
German Economy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Great Moderation ◽  
European Central ◽  
Trade Growth ◽  
Irrational Exuberance ◽  
Rate Mechanism ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter looks at the strong global economic recovery which took place in mid-2004, which accelerated world trade growth to historically high rates—a special advantage to European nations who all rely heavily for their economic well-being on international trade. With improved trade opportunities, even the struggling German economy began to show signs of life. The Eurozone, however, had economic and financial vulnerability. A source of instability inherent to monetary unity was vividly manifest during the crisis of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) in the early 1990s. A longer-term problem was the Eurozone's banks. Ultimately, the story of the next three years—between mid-2004 and mid-2007—revolves around a contest between the forces of “great moderation” and “irrational exuberance.” In the Eurozone, as member states benefited from an improving global economy, a belief in the European Central Bank's (ECB) distinctive ability to maintain stability reinforced the narrative of great moderation.

General Principles for Integration

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Grosse Ruse-Khan
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Resolution ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
World Trade Organisation ◽  
Resolution Function ◽  
Wto Dispute Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prior Analysis

This chapter reviews the broader principles in the international intellectual property (IP) system that fulfil an indirect integration or conflict resolution function, with a focus on those emanating from and applicable to the Trade Related Aspects of International Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement. In focusing on Articles 7 and 8 of TRIPS, the chapter builds on prior analysis about the role of these provisions in establishing an agreed, common object and purpose of the principal global IP treaty with relevance beyond TRIPS. In light of the origins and negotiation history of Articles 7 and 8 TRIPS, the chapter shows how these provisions can be applied to integrate ‘external’ objectives and interests via interpretation and implementation. Next, this chapter reviews their very poor record of application in the first twenty years of World Trade Organisation (WTO) dispute settlement. It concludes with suggestions for an appropriate recognition of external norms, objectives, and interests via Articles 7 and 8.

Polish Ethnic Minority in Belarus and Lithuania: Politics, Institutions, and Identities

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Monika Frėjutė-Rakauskienė ◽  
Olga Sasunkevich ◽  
Kristina Šliavaitė
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
Cross Case Analysis ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
State Schools

Abstract This article analyzes how institutions influence the process of identity formation within the Polish minority communities in Belarus and Lithuania. We focus on ways that the identities of people who consider themselves Poles in Belarus and Lithuania are targeted by institutions like the state, schools, and nongovernmental organizations. We aim to shed light on how these processes are shaped by institutional settings and broader political contexts. The authors take a bottom-up approach to institutions and look at how members of the Polish communities in the two neighboring countries conceptualize the role of various institutions—NGOs, schools, Karta Polaka (the Polish Card)—to shape their sense of ethnic belonging. The article is built on a cross-case analysis. Data for the Lithuanian and Belarusian cases, consisting of interviews and secondary sources, were collected independently and then reread in light of a common research question. Through our analysis, we show differences and similarities in how analogous institutions function on the two sides of the border and elaborate on the reasons why these differences occur and what role state policy and supranational regulations play in the process.

scholarly journals On Just-In-Time Production Leveling

10.5772/54994 ◽  
2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Giordano ◽  
Massimiliano M.
Keyword(s):  
Just In Time ◽  
Time Production

Spirituality in patients with advanced illness: The role of symptom control, resilience and social network

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2765-2774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Fombuena ◽  
Laura Galiana ◽  
Pilar Barreto ◽  
Amparo Oliver ◽  
Antonio Pascual ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Physical Symptoms ◽  
Advanced Illness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Palliative Care Teams ◽  
Symptomatic Control

In this study, we analyzed the relationships among clinical, emotional, social, and spiritual dimensions of patients with advanced illness. It was a cross-sectional study, with a sample of 108 patients in an advanced illness situation attended by palliative care teams. Statistically significant correlations were found between some dimensions of spirituality and poor symptomatic control, resiliency, and social support. In the structural model, three variables predicted spirituality: having physical symptoms as the main source of discomfort, resiliency, and social support. This work highlights the relevance of the relationships among spirituality and other aspects of the patient at the end of life.

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