“Too Young to Die”: Deprivation Measures Combining Poverty and Premature Mortality

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 226-257
Author(s):  
Jean-Marie Baland ◽  
Guilhem Cassan ◽  
Benoit Decerf
Keyword(s):  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
World Level ◽  
Combine Information

Most measures of deprivation concentrate on deprivation among the living population and, thus, ignore premature mortality. This omission leads to a severe bias in the evaluation of deprivation. We propose two different measures that combine information on poverty and premature mortality of a population. These measures are consistent and satisfy a number of desirable properties unmet by all other measures combining early mortality and poverty. Moreover, one measure is readily computable with available data and easily interpretable. We show that omitting premature mortality leads to an underestimation of total deprivation in 2015 of at least 36 percent at the world level. (JEL C43, I12, I32, N33, N34, O15)

The Theory of Accounting in the Context of Modern Paradigm of Scientific Knowledge

2017 ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Vita Semanyuk
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Direct Impact ◽  
Practical Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
World Level

Accounting as a practical activity was being developed during millennia but the final forming of accounting science is impossible without the development of its modern theory, which is correspondent to the requirements of scientific doctrines of the 21st century. The existing theory, in many cases, is not good at all and, in general, it is the set of technical approaches of realization of double record. The results of economic investigations of the world level show the impossibility of modern accounting science to fulfill its functions because of its conservative character and it was not changed during many years. All these investigations have a direct impact on economy and show that the understanding of the basic postulates changes and the stress is made on psychological and social aspects and avoiding of material ruling.

scholarly journals Alcohol and early mortality (before 65 years) in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort: does any level reduce mortality?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-33
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Martínez-González ◽  
María Barbería-Latasa ◽  
Javier Pérez de Rojas ◽  
Ligia J. Domínguez ◽  
Alfredo Gea
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Early Mortality ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Inverse Association ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Heavy Drinkers

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the association between alcohol intake and premature mortality (younger than 65 years) and to explore the effect of potential alcohol underreporting by heavy drinkers. We followed-up 20,272 university graduates. Four categories of alcohol intake were considered (abstainer, light, moderate and heavy consumption). Repeated measurements of alcohol intake and updated information on confounders were used in time-dependent Cox models. Potential underreporting of alcohol intake by some heavy drinkers (likely misclassified as light or moderate drinkers) was explicitly addressed in an attempt to correct potential underreporting by using indirect information. During 12.3 years of median follow-up (interquartile range: 6.8-15.0), 226 participants died before their 65th birthday. A higher risk of early mortality was found for the highest category of alcohol intake (≥50 g/d) in comparison with abstention (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) =2.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38-5.79). In analyses of alcohol as a continuous variable, the multivariable-adjusted HR was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.08-1.26), for each 10 g/d of alcohol. This harmful linear association was present both in uncorrected models and in models corrected for potential underreporting. No significant inverse association between light or moderate alcohol intake and premature mortality was observed, even after correcting for potential misclassification. Alcohol intake exhibited a harmful linear dose-response association with premature mortality (<65 years) in this young and highly-educated Mediterranean cohort. Our attempts to correct for potential misclassification did not substantially change these results.

scholarly journals Premature mortality attributable to COVID-19: potential years of life lost in 17 countries around the world, January–August 2020

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maider Pagola Ugarte ◽  
Souzana Achilleos ◽  
Annalisa Quattrocchi ◽  
John Gabel ◽  
Ourania Kolokotroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Understanding the impact of the burden of COVID-19 is key to successfully navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a larger investigation on COVID-19 mortality impact, this study aims to estimate the Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) in 17 countries and territories across the world (Australia, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Peru, Norway, England & Wales, Scotland, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, and the United States [USA]). Methods Age- and sex-specific COVID-19 death numbers from primary national sources were collected by an international research consortium. The study period was established based on the availability of data from the inception of the pandemic to the end of August 2020. The PYLL for each country were computed using 80 years as the maximum life expectancy. Results As of August 2020, 442,677 (range: 18–185,083) deaths attributed to COVID-19 were recorded in 17 countries which translated to 4,210,654 (range: 112–1,554,225) PYLL. The average PYLL per death was 8.7 years, with substantial variation ranging from 2.7 years in Australia to 19.3 PYLL in Ukraine. North and South American countries as well as England & Wales, Scotland and Sweden experienced the highest PYLL per 100,000 population; whereas Australia, Slovenia and Georgia experienced the lowest. Overall, males experienced higher PYLL rate and higher PYLL per death than females. In most countries, most of the PYLL were observed for people aged over 60 or 65 years, irrespective of sex. Yet, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Israel, Peru, Scotland, Ukraine, and the USA concentrated most PYLL in younger age groups. Conclusions Our results highlight the role of PYLL as a tool to understand the impact of COVID-19 on demographic groups within and across countries, guiding preventive measures to protect these groups under the ongoing pandemic. Continuous monitoring of PYLL is therefore needed to better understand the burden of COVID-19 in terms of premature mortality.

Obesity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Q. Purnell
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Keywords Obesity ◽  
The World ◽  
Control Research ◽  
Insight Into

Obesity and its associated disorders are leading causes of morbidity and premature mortality around the world. Obese persons are also vulnerable to low self-esteem and depression because of the psychological and social stigmata that often accompany being overweight. Despite conventional wisdom that obesity results from deficient self-control, research has provided insight into the physiology behind unwanted weight gain. Obesity is recognized as a chronic condition resulting from an interaction between environmental influences and an individual’s genetic predisposition. This review contains 3 figures, 13 tables, and 126 references. Keywords: Obesity, Body mass index, Hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, pulmonary disease, gastroesophageal reflux, sleep apnea

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Howes
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Late Adolescence ◽  
Comorbid Conditions ◽  
Cardiometabolic Disorders ◽  
The World ◽  
Causes Of Disease ◽  
Working Age

Schizophrenia and related disorders are common, affecting about 1 in 100 people, and typically begin in late adolescence and early adulthood, when people are in the prime of their lives. They are also major causes of disease burden globally and are amongst the top causes of disability in working-age adults in the world. Carers are significantly affected by the burden of these disorders, which are a leading cause of healthcare costs. Schizophrenia and related disorders are also major causes of premature mortality due to suicide and elevated rates of comorbid conditions, particularly cardiometabolic disorders. It is clear that the stakes are high, and this book aims to help the clinician give their patients the best odds of getting better.

Allied High Commission for Austria

1951 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-226
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
The United States ◽  
Living Conditions ◽  
Marshall Plan ◽  
Cost Of Living ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
World Level

On September 26, 1950, the Austrian cabinet voted to permit the country's cost of living to rise to an approximation of the world level, and to make a compensating increase of ten to fourteen percent in wage levels. Three days later the United States representative (Keyes) charged, with the support of the French and United Kingdom commissioners (Bethouart and Caccia), that the resulting riots in Vienna had been inspired by the Soviet Union which had a) transported rioters in trucks about Vienna, b) refused to permit Viennese police in the Soviet sector to be used to quell the rioting, c) prevented police from removing workers of a Soviet controlled plant from railway yards which they had occupied. These charges were denied by the Soviet commissioner (Tsinev) as slanderous allegations of the western representatives whose countries had been responsible for the riots because of the deterioration of living conditions in Austria as the result of the Marshall Plan.

The concept of creating world-level products and achievements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Борис Аникин ◽  
Boris Anikin ◽  
Олег Аникин ◽  
Olyeg Anikin ◽  
Валерий Гришин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Program Management ◽  
Modern Theory ◽  
Education Students ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Innovation Projects ◽  
The World ◽  
World Level ◽  
Additional Education

Based on the analysis of the greatest achievements of the last century, as well as the reasons for the numerous "unsuccessful" projects of well-known companies in the world, the directions for the development of modern theory of project and program management have been revealed. When selecting the topics of national and prospective innovation projects, the authors focused on the consideration of the acute social and economic problems outlined in the world and a number of certain criteria and parameters. It is intended for researchers, practicing managers, researchers and teachers of higher education. Recommended for students of the system of additional education, students and graduate students.

scholarly journals EDUCATION IN THE DIGITAL AGE

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Elena Mădălina SAVU
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Civic Participation ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Well Being ◽  
World Health ◽  
Academic Learning ◽  
Developmental Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Organization

The World Health Organization has declared Covid-19 as a pandemic that has posed a contemporary threat to humanity. This pandemic has successfully forced global shutdown of several activities, including educational activities.The COVID-19 pandemic was a forceful reminder that education plays an important role in delivering not just academic learning, but also in supporting physical and emotional well-being. Education and the acquisition of skills are crucial to solving some of the world’s most pressing problems. Education is a basic right that promotes other rights such as health and civic participation. It is key to unlocking the developmental potential of children, communities, and countries. An educated workforce can help lift people out of poverty, reduce premature mortality, strengthen gender equality, and promote civic participation. Children must also learn skills that can be flexible and adaptable in the age of uncertainty and economic change. Workers will need breadth of skills such as literacy and numeracy as well as the ability to think critically and to solve problems collaboratively. In the digital age, citizens must be prepared to respond to the challenges presented by globalization, climate change, health epidemics, and economic uncertainty. The world needs to urgently rethink the way education is done, how it is delivered, and what skills children will need in a digital age to become healthy and productive members of society. Many agree that the delivery of education to marginalized children must be improved. It is evident that online learning is different from emergency remote teaching, online learning will be more sustainable while instructional activities will become more hybrid provided the challenges experienced during this pandemic are well explored and transformed to opportunities. However, there is little consensus on how to do so in a way that best reflects the challenges and opportunities facing young people today and on why education systems have largely failed to adapt to ensure that all children are receiving the support and learning opportunities they need.

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