A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE RUKSHANA PURVAKA VIRECHANA KARMA IN STHOULYA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO OBESITY

Sthoulya/Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may hurt the health and it is one of the most neglected public health issues. Sthoulya is most caused by Ati Ahara Sevana, Avyayama and Beejadosha. Sthoulya has been explained in Charaka Samhita Sutra Sthana under 21st chapter by name Astou Ninditiya Purusha as Santarpana Nimittaja Vikara1, Bahudoshavastha Vyadhi2 and included under Sleshmaja Nanatmaja Vikara. In Sushruta Samhitha also Sthoulya is narrated as rasa Nimittaja Vyadhi and con- sidered Meda vitiation as the causative factor for the manifestation. He also described Sthoulya as the physical condition of the body caused due to Dhatvagni Mandya. Acharya Charaka has also explained Swastha Purusha Laxana in terms of Sama Mamsa, Sama Pramana, Sama Samhanana and having Dridha Indriya. But Sthula Purusha is devoid of above-said qualities. Obesity contributes to many morbidities in the population, and it is known as a causative or precipitating factor for various killer ailments like hypertension, diabetes, prostate prob- lems, breast and colon cancers, respiratory problems, joint disorders, stroke, heart diseases like IHD/CAD etc. Keywords: Obesity, Sthoulya, Virechana

Current Treatments for Obesity: An Update

Obesity is one of the biggest health problems in the world. It is not only a key developer of various dangerous diseases like coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and sleep apnoea, but is also associated with high mortality and morbidity rate. In recent years, doctors have shifted their attention towards the prevention and treatment of obesity rather than letting the person move towards different diseases and then curing those multiple disorders. One of those strategies for obesity treatment includes bariatric surgery. This review paper encapsulates multiple other strategies like dietary, pharmaceutical, and surgical options available at present for the treatment of obesity. Keywords: Obesity, weight, diabetes, heart disease.

Prevalence and Interrelationship of Obesity in Hypertension

Aim: To evaluate recognized parameters as obese or central obese and divided into groups. Methods: The study has been conducted in OPD of Medical Department of Pak Red Crescent Medical & Dental college and hospital which is located in rural area of Punjab Pakistan. Young patients in age group of 18-40 years with hypertension were selected. Fifty three patients without any known complication of hypertension were selected .The patients groups were made and obese patients were separated from non-obese in the form of tables and the results are noted. Results: Obesity was found in large proportion of observed groups of hypertension and it was noted in 60% of cases.The obese patients were with higher BMIrange in males and females. Conclusions: The obesity with hypertension in young our rural population is an alarming situation and the international and nationalevidences showing the interrelationship of the two conditions by certain mechanisms make it a matter of national health consideration. Keywords: Obesity, hypertension, rural area

State-of-the-Art Drug Therapies of Obesity

Objective of the Review: To discuss state-of-the-art drug therapies of obesity. Key Points. Obesity is a socially significant healthcare problem, because it is associated with major conditions limiting life expectancy. The problem of obesity dates back to the period of Hippocrates; however, efficient drugs appeared as late as in the ХХI century. The article is a review of the state-of-the-art drug therapies for body weight reduction approved in the Russian Federation. It describes the efficiency and side effects and a case of obesity management with Liraglutide 3mg. Conclusion. Obese and overweight patients should undergo a medical examination in order to verify associated conditions and prescribe treatment, including drug therapy to reduce body weight. Keywords: obesity, drug therapy, body mass index, Liraglutide.

Implementation Of The K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) Algorithm For Classification Of Obesity Levels

Obesity or overweight is a health problem that can affect anyone. In research in several journals, it was found that obesity can be influenced by many factors, but the most dominant factors are lifestyle and diet. Obesity should not only be considered as a consequence of an unhealthy lifestyle, but obesity is a disease that can lead to other dangerous diseases. Therefore, it is important to know the level of obesity in order to take early prevention. To determine the level of obesity, a classification method is used, namely K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) to classify the level of obesity. In this study, classification was carried out with 16 test parameters, namely Gender, Age, Height, Weight, Family History With Overweight, FAVC, FCVC, NCP, CAEC, Smoke, CH2O, SCC, FAF, TUE, CALC, Mtrans and 1 class attribute, namely Nobesity. From tests carried out using the KNN algorithm, the results obtained are 78.98% accuracy with a value of k = 2. Keywords: Obesity, KNN, Classification

Updated overview on the interplay between obesity and COVID-19

The worldwide spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has generated a global health crisis and more than a million deaths so far. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 are increasingly reported, along with its potential relationship with overweight and/or obesity. Therefore, we aim here to review the current scientific literature on the impact of overweight and/or obesity among hospitalized patients who have developed severe or critical forms of COVID-19. Following PRISMA guidelines, our literature search identified over 300 scientific articles using the keywords “obesity” and “COVID-19”, 22 of which were finally selected for reporting useful information on the association between overweight/obesity and disease severity. In particular, in 11 out of the 14 studies (79%) which evaluated the association between obesity and disease severity providing also a risk estimate (i.e., the odd ratio; OR), the OR value was constantly >2. Although the studies were found to be heterogeneous in terms of design, population, sample size and endpoints, in most cases a significant association was found between obesity and the risk of progressing to severe COVID-19 illness, intensive care unit admission and/or death. We can hence conclude that an increased body mass index shall be considered a negative prognostic factor in patients with COVID-19, and more aggressive prevention or treatment shall hence be reserved to overweight and/or obese patients.

Obesity

Obesity and its associated disorders are leading causes of morbidity and premature mortality around the world. Obese persons are also vulnerable to low self-esteem and depression because of the psychological and social stigmata that often accompany being overweight. Despite conventional wisdom that obesity results from deficient self-control, research has provided insight into the physiology behind unwanted weight gain. Obesity is recognized as a chronic condition resulting from an interaction between environmental influences and an individual’s genetic predisposition. This review contains 3 figures, 13 tables, and 126 references. Keywords: Obesity, Body mass index, Hypertension, impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, pulmonary disease, gastroesophageal reflux, sleep apnea

Ghrelin, resistin and insulin in obese diabetic women in Wad-Madani, Sudan

Background: Obesity in the Sudan is increasing at alarming rate with the tendency of reaching an epidemic proportion in women. It is commonly associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Some adipokine hormones such as resistin are associated with obesity. Objectives:. To study how the levels of resistin, ghrelin and insulin are associated with obesity,fat distribution and (T2D) and to ascertain any interrelationships between them. Subjects and methods: 150 women, age ≥18 years old, resident in Wad-Madani town, Sudan were participated in the study. They were divided into 3 groups according to body mass index ( BMI) value: I (normal weight), II (overweight) and III (obese diabetic). Fasting serum resistin and ghrelin concentrations were measured using ELISA method. Insulin levels were determined by radioimmunoassay(RIA). Results: The mean±SD levels of resistin 5.80±4.91ng/mL,Ghrelin107.60±26.67pg/M and Insulin 11.92±8.54mLU/ml in obese diabetic were found to be greater than in normal or overweight women.In normal weight values were 3.07±2.15 ng/ mL 83.30±13.38pg/mL, and 6.62±6.77mLU/ml for resistini, ghrelin and Insulin, respectively. Values for overweight women 3.64±2.63 pg/mL 90±17.35 pg/mL and 8.13±7.54 mLU/ml for resistin, ghrelin and insulin respectively. Conclusions and recommendations: Increased BMI, waist circumference (WC) and hormones (ghrelin and resistin) were associated with insulin resistance.Further studies are needed to accept or refute these findings. Keywords: Obesity; BMI; WC; T2D; ghrelin; resistin; insulin resistence (IR).

Meta-Analysis: Effect of Physical Activity on the Incidence of Obesity in Female Adolescents

Background: The increasing prevalence of obesity in female adolescents is a global health problem. It is may caused by the adoption of a Western lifestyle (decrease in physical activity and an increase in the consumption of energy-dense food, high in fats and refined sugar). The purpose of this study was to investigate effect of physical activity on the incidence of obesity in female adolescents. Subjects and Method: This was meta-analysis and systematic review. The study was conducted by collecting articles from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct databases, published from 2002 to 2020. Keywords were searched using the terms “physical activity” OR “physical fitness” AND obesity AND “cross sectional” AND girls OR adolescent. The study subject was female adolescents. The intervention was low physical activity with comparison high physical activity. The study outcome was obesity. Collected articles were screened using PRISMA flowchart. The quantitative data were analyzed by Revman 5.3. Results: 6 studies from China, New York, Netherlands, Korea, Taiwan, and United States, reported that low physical activity increased the risk of obesity in female adolescents (aOR= 1.74; 95% CI= 1.11 to 2.72; p= 0.010). Conclusion: Low physical activity increased the risk of obesity in female adolescents. Keywords: obesity, physical activity, female adolescents Correspondence: Putri Isriyatil Jannah. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 089634956745.

The Complex Context of the Involvement of Vitamin D Deficiency in Obesity

The prevalence of obesity is increasing and morbidity and mortality increase with it. Vitamin D plays an important role in obesity. Determining the exact relationship between obesity and vitamin D may represent a new perspective in the approach and treatment of obesity. Clarifying whether supplementation with vitamin D in overweight people can prevent obesity and whether supplementation in obese people can help weight loss are essential. Keywords: obesity, vitamin D, treatment