scholarly journals Premature mortality attributable to COVID-19: potential years of life lost in 17 countries around the world, January–August 2020

2022 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maider Pagola Ugarte ◽  
Souzana Achilleos ◽  
Annalisa Quattrocchi ◽  
John Gabel ◽  
Ourania Kolokotroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Understanding the impact of the burden of COVID-19 is key to successfully navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a larger investigation on COVID-19 mortality impact, this study aims to estimate the Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL) in 17 countries and territories across the world (Australia, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Peru, Norway, England & Wales, Scotland, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, and the United States [USA]). Methods Age- and sex-specific COVID-19 death numbers from primary national sources were collected by an international research consortium. The study period was established based on the availability of data from the inception of the pandemic to the end of August 2020. The PYLL for each country were computed using 80 years as the maximum life expectancy. Results As of August 2020, 442,677 (range: 18–185,083) deaths attributed to COVID-19 were recorded in 17 countries which translated to 4,210,654 (range: 112–1,554,225) PYLL. The average PYLL per death was 8.7 years, with substantial variation ranging from 2.7 years in Australia to 19.3 PYLL in Ukraine. North and South American countries as well as England & Wales, Scotland and Sweden experienced the highest PYLL per 100,000 population; whereas Australia, Slovenia and Georgia experienced the lowest. Overall, males experienced higher PYLL rate and higher PYLL per death than females. In most countries, most of the PYLL were observed for people aged over 60 or 65 years, irrespective of sex. Yet, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Israel, Peru, Scotland, Ukraine, and the USA concentrated most PYLL in younger age groups. Conclusions Our results highlight the role of PYLL as a tool to understand the impact of COVID-19 on demographic groups within and across countries, guiding preventive measures to protect these groups under the ongoing pandemic. Continuous monitoring of PYLL is therefore needed to better understand the burden of COVID-19 in terms of premature mortality.

scholarly journals Premature Mortality Attributable to COVID-19: Potential Years of Life Lost in 17 Countries Around the World, January-August 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maider Pagola Ugarte ◽  
Souzana Achilleos ◽  
Annalisa Quattrocchi ◽  
John Gabel ◽  
Ourania Kolokotroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cape Verde ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Research Consortium ◽  
The Impact

Abstract BackgroundUnderstanding the impact of the burden of COVID-19 is key to successfully navigating the COVID-19 pandemic. As part of a larger investigation on COVID-19 mortality impact, this study aims to estimate the Potential Years of Live Lost (PYLL) in 17 countries and territories across the world (Australia, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Cyprus, France, Georgia, Israel, Kazakhstan, Peru, Norway, England & Wales, Scotland, Slovenia, Sweden, Ukraine, and the United States).MethodsAge- and sex-specific COVID-19 death numbers from primary national sources were collected by an international research consortium. The study period was established based on the availability of data from the inception of the pandemic to the end of August 2020. The PYLL for each country were computed using 80 years as the maximum life expectancy.ResultsAs of August 2020, 442,677 (range: 18-185,083) deaths attributed to COVID-19 were recorded in 17 countries which translated to4,210,654 (range: 112-1,554,225)PYLL. The average PYLL per death was 8.7 years, with substantial variation ranging from 2.7 years in Australia to 19.3 PYLL in Ukraine.North and South American countries as well as England & Wales, Scotland and Sweden experienced the highest PYLL per 100,000 population; whereas Australia, Slovenia and Georgia experienced the lowest.Overall, males experienced higher PYLL rate and higher PYLL per death than females. In most countries, most of the PYLL were observed for people aged over 60 or 65 years, irrespective of sex.Yet, Brazil, Cape Verde, Colombia, Israel, Peru, Scotland, Ukraine, and the USA concentrated most PYLL in younger age groups.ConclusionsOur results highlight the potential of PYLL as a tool to understand the impact of COVID-19 on demographic groups within and across countries, guiding preventive measures to protect these groups under the ongoing pandemic. Continuous monitoring of PYLL is therefore needed to better understand the burden of COVID-19 in terms of premature mortality.

THE ACTIVITIES OF THE USA AND CHINA IN THE REGIONS OF THE WORLD, AFFECTING THE REALIZATION OF RUSSIA'S INTERESTS. Part 1: country interests and activities

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 149-166
Author(s):  
Dmitry V. Gordienko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The paper examines the interests of Russia, the United States and China in the regions of the world and identifies the priorities of Russia's activities in Europe, Central Asia and the Caucasus, the Asia-Pacific region, the Arctic, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America, their comparative assessment with the interests of the United States and China. An approach to assessing the impact of possible consequences of the activities of the United States and China on the realization of Russia's interests is proposed. This makes it possible to identify the priorities of the policy of the Russian Federation in various regions of the world. The results of the analysis can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. It is concluded that the discrepancy between the interests of the United States and China is important for the implementation of the current economic and military policy of the Russian Federation.

A New World Economic order formation

2021 ◽  
pp. 932-950
Author(s):  
Vladislav Vyacheslavovich Emelyanov
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
World Order ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Order ◽  
The West ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
World Economic Order ◽  
The Impact

Every few decades, the world order changes due to various geopolitical, economic and other circumstances. For example, as a result of globalization, the world order has undergone significant changes in the last forty years. Globalization has led to the destruction of the postwar world order, as well as to world leadership by the United States and the West. However, in recent decades, as a result of globalization, the U.S. and the West began to cede their leadership to developing countries, so there is now a change in the economic structure of relations in the world system. Today the center of economic growth is in the East, namely in Asia. There are no new superpowers in the world at the moment, but the unipolar world will cease to exist due to the weakening of the U. S. leadership, which will lead to a change in the world order. A new leader, which may replace the U. S., will not have as wide range of advantages as the USA has. Most likely, the essence of the new order will be to unite the largest countries and alliances into blocks, for example, the USA together with the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the EU, etc. The article outlines forecasts of GDP growth rates as well as the global energy outlook; analyzes the LNG market as well as the impact of the pandemic on the global oil and gas market; and lists the characteristics of U. S. geopolitics.

scholarly journals Quality management systems of higher education (based on the example of the USA, Greatbritain, Norway and Finland)

2021 ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
Sh. K. Suleimenova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Quality Management ◽  
Education System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Quality Of Higher Education ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Impact

At the present stage, Kazakhstan is in new socio-political, economic and international conditions caused by growing globalization. This determines, on the one hand, a significant impact on the development of the education system of Kazakhstan of world educational trends, on the other hand, the market nature of the national economy determines the inevitability of the impact of education in general, and educational services, in particular, on the country's economy and its development through the capitalization of knowledge. Currently, Kazakhstan's universities are developing in accordance with the trends that have developed in the world and domestic economy, among which globalization stands out. The modern Kazakh higher education is characterized by the desire to integrate into the world educational space. The purpose of this article is to study the international experience in managing the quality of higher education on the example of some European countries and the United States of America. The modern two models of quality management of higher education in the global educational space are characterized and the model of assessing the quality of higher education in Kazakhstan is determined. The article analyzes the Kazakh legislation in the field of state control and assessment of the quality of higher education. The best approaches to assessing the quality of higher education for the Kazakh higher education system have been identified, following the example of the foreign countries under consideration. To write the article such methods of research as analysis of legal acts and documents, case study, deduction and generalization were used.

MIDDLE EAST POLICY COMPONENT OF THE USA, CHINA AND RUSSIAN FEDERATION: POLICY OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 133-146
Author(s):  
D. V. GORDIENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
East Component ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The Middle East component of the policy of the states of the "strategic triangle" Russia-China-USA occupies an important place in the implementation of the national interests of the USA, China and the Russian Federation in various regions of the world. The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of the Middle East component of the policies of these states on the implementation of their current economic and military policies and on ensuring their national security. An approach to comparing the influence of the Middle East component of the policy of the states of the "strategic triangle" Russia-China-USA, which allows identifying the priorities of Russia's policy in the Middle East and other regions of the world, is proposed. Comparison of the Middle East component of the policy of the states of the "strategic triangle" can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country. The article concludes that the Middle East component of the policy of the United States, China and Russia acquires significance in the implementation of the current economic and military policy of the countries of the Middle East region.

scholarly journals MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY DUE TO AIDS: A STUDY OF BURDEN OF DISEASE AT A MUNICIPAL LEVEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane DA SILVA ◽  
Victoria RAMOS ◽  
Helena Caetano Gonçalves DA SILVA ◽  
Jefferson TRAEBERT
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Introduction: The purpose of measuring the burden of disease involves aggregating morbidity and mortality components into a single indicator, the disability-adjusted life year (DALY), to measure how much and how people live and suffer the impact of a disease. Objective: To estimate the global burden of disease due to AIDS in a municipality of southern Brazil. Methods: An ecological study was conducted in 2009 to examine the incidence and AIDS-related deaths among the population residing in the city of Tubarao, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Data from the Mortality Information System in the National Health System was used to calculate the years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality. The calculation was based on the difference between a standardized life expectancy and age at death, with a discount rate of 3% per year. Data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases were used to calculate the years lived with disability (YLD). The DALY was estimated by the sum of YLL and YLD. Indicator rates were estimated per 100,000 inhabitants, distributed by age and gender. Results: A total of 131 records were examined, and a 572.5 DALYs were estimated, which generated a rate of 593.1 DALYs/100,000 inhabitants. The rate among men amounted to 780.7 DALYs/100,000, whereas among women the rate was 417.1 DALYs/100,000. The most affected age groups were 30-44 years for men and 60-69 years for women. Conclusion: The burden of disease due to AIDS in the city of Tubarao was relatively high when considering the global trend. The mortality component accounted for more than 90% of the burden of disease.

scholarly journals The Struggle of the Leading World Powers for the Formation of the “Staff Reserve” of the Elite Community of Kazakhstan in the Context of the Launched Transition of State Power

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 18-24
Author(s):  
D. D. Osinina
Keyword(s):  
Soft Power ◽  
The United States ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Political Orientations ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

During the transition of power, the analysis of the “staff reserve” of the state becomes a priority topic. In particular, the worldview of the growing elite is of particular interest. One of the channels of influence on the worldview of young people is education. On the example of Kazakhstan, the author analyzes the activities of the world powers — China, the USA, Russia and Turkey — regarding the promotion of the policy of “soft power” in the country, namely, the impact through educational institutions on the worldview of the “staff reserve” of the elite community of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The system of views, which is formed under the influence of a system of values, is reflected in the political orientations of the younger generation. In this regard, the education of a young man in the United States or China affects the formation of his political views and relations to a particular state, as well as the model of development of his own state.

scholarly journals Severity of the COVID-19 pandemic assessed with all-cause mortality in the United States during 2020.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrick Dahlgren ◽  
Lauren Rossen ◽  
Alicia Fry ◽  
Carrie Reed
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Demographic Groups ◽  
High Severity ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Very High

Background. In the United States, infection with SARS-CoV-2 caused 380,000 reported deaths from March to December 2020. Methods. We adapted the Moving Epidemic Method to all-cause mortality data from the United States to assess the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic across age groups and all 50 states. By comparing all-cause mortality during the pandemic with intensity thresholds derived from recent, historical all-cause mortality, we categorized each week from March to December 2020 as either low severity, moderate severity, high severity, or very high severity. Results. Nationally for all ages combined, all-cause mortality was in the very high severity category for 9 weeks. Among people 18 to 49 years of age, there were 29 weeks of consecutive very high severity mortality. Forty-seven states, the District of Columbia, and New York City each experienced at least one week of very high severity mortality for all ages combined. Conclusions. These periods of very high severity of mortality during March through December 2020 are likely directly or indirectly attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic. This method for standardized comparison of severity over time across different geographies and demographic groups provides valuable information to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify specific locations or subgroups for deeper investigations into differences in severity.

EUROPEAN POLICY COMPONENT OF THE USA, CHINA AND RUSSIAN FEDERATION (PART 2)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 135-150
Author(s):  
D. V. GORDIENKO ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Important Place ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The European component of the policy of the states of the “strategic triangle” Russia-China-USA occupies an important place in the implementation of the national interests of the USA, China and the Russian Federation in various regions of the world. The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of the European component of the policy of the states of the "strategic triangle" on the implementation of their current economic and military policies. The paper considers the influence of the European component of the policy of the United States of America, the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation on ensuring the national security of these countries. Based on the results of the study, an approach is proposed to compare the influence of the European component of the policy of the states of the “strategic triangle” Russia-China-USA, which will reveal the priorities of Russian policy in Europe and other regions of the world. In addition, it was concluded that the European component of the policy of the United States, China and Russia occupies a dominant position in the implementation of current economic and military policy in the European region. Thus, a comparison of the European component of the policy of the states of the "strategic triangle" can be used to substantiate recommendations to the military-political leadership of our country.

Abstract 17368: Years of Life Lost Due to Heart Failure in the United States (US)

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harshali Patel ◽  
Adrian Kielhorn ◽  
Nicole Yurgin ◽  
Adrian F Hernandez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Health ◽  
Data Repository ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Standard Life

Background: Heart failure (HF) is a complicated syndrome where ~50% of patients die within 5 years of diagnosis. Years of life lost (YLL) is a population-based mortality indicator that takes into account age at death, giving greater weight to deaths occurring at a younger age and thereby providing information on mortality that is relevant to the entire population without the bias of elderly death. A YLL analysis was applied to patients with HF to illustrate the relationship between HF and premature mortality. Further YLL for HF was compared to other common elderly diseases. Methods: Data between 1999 and 2012 on the number of deaths attributed to HF and other conditions common in the elderly were from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Center for Health Statistics online database; standard life-expectancy data for the US were from the World Health Organization global health observatory data repository. YLL was calculated from the number of deaths multiplied by years of life remaining based on a standard life expectancy at the age at which death occurs. Total YLL over all age groups was then divided by the total number of deaths for the mean YLL per HF patient. The same calculation was made for several other conditions for comparison. Results: A total of 804,095 US deaths were attributed to HF. The mean HF YLL was 9.64 years, which was higher than YLL calculated for osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s/other dementias (7.12 and 7.67 years, respectively; Figure) and similar to Parkinson’s disease (9.73 years). Conclusions: Analysis of premature mortality by YLL suggests that patients with HF would live on average 9.64 years longer had they not developed HF.

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