scholarly journals Real Wage Inequality

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Moretti
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Real Wage ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Nominal Wage ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Skilled And Unskilled Workers

While nominal wage differences between skilled and unskilled workers have increased since 1980, college graduates have experienced larger increases in cost of living because they have increasingly concentrated in cities with high cost of housing. Using a city-specific CPI, I find that real wage differences between college and high school graduates have grown significantly less than nominal differences. Changes in the geographical location of different skill groups are to a significant degree driven by city-specific shifts in relative demand. I conclude that the increase in utility differences between skilled and unskilled workers since 1980 is smaller than previously thought based on nominal wage differences. (JEL J22, J23, J24, J31, R23, R31)

scholarly journals Trade and Real Wages of the Rich and Poor: Cross-Region Evidence

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheli He
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Real Wage ◽  
Price Index ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Nominal Wage ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Worker Heterogeneity ◽  
The Rich

Trade liberalization affects real-wage inequality through two channels: the distribution of nominal wages across workers and, if the rich and the poor consume different bundles of goods, the distribution of price indices across consumers. I provide a unified framework incorporating both channels by allowing for non-homothetic preferences and worker heterogeneity across jobs. Because skill-intensive goods are also high-income elastic in the data, I find an intuitive, previously unexplored, and strong interaction between the two channels. I parametrize the model for 40 regions using sector-level trade and production data, and find that trade cost reductions decrease the relative nominal wage of the poor and the relative price index for the poor in all regions. On net, real-wage inequality falls everywhere.

scholarly journals International trade in services and inequalities

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 1069-1075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvain Petit
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Business Services ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Tourism Services ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of the international openness in tourism services trade on wage inequality between highly skilled, semi-skilled, and unskilled workers in the tourism industry. The sample covers 10 developed countries and expands over 15 years. A cointegrated panel data model and an error correction model were used to distinguish between the short- and long-run effects. The results are compared to those of openness of business services and manufactured goods. The findings point out that tourism increases wage inequality at the expense of the least skilled workers in the long run and the short run.

scholarly journals Sexually transmitted diseases in a specialized STD healthcare center: epidemiology and demographic profile from january 1999 to december 2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Jorge Fagundes ◽  
Elso Elias Vieira Junior ◽  
Ana Carolina Marteline Cavalcante Moysés ◽  
Fernão Dias de Lima ◽  
Fátima Regina Borges de Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Diseases ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
High School Graduates ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mixed Race ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Male Patients

BACKGROUND: Sexually Transmitted Diseases are still considered a serious public health problem in Brazil and worldwide.OBJECTIVE: To examine Sexually Transmitted Diseases prevalence and the sickness impact profile of STDs in a reference health center specializing in the treatment of Sexually Transmitted Diseases.METHOD: We collected epidemiological, demographic, clinical and laboratory data from the medical records and interviews of 4,128 patients who had attended the center from January 1999 to December 2009.RESULTS: Male patients outnumbered (76%) females (24%), Caucasians outnumbered (74.3%) those of mixed race (14.8%), blacks (10.8%) and Asians (0.1%). STD occurrence was higher in the 20-29 age group (46.2%) This population included 34.7% high school graduates, 8.7% college graduates and 0.8% illiterates. As for affective-sexual orientation, 86.5% were heterosexual, 7.8% homosexual and 5.5% bisexual. Regarding patients' sexual practices over the previous 30 days, 67.7% reported sexual intercourse with one person, 8.6% had had sex with two persons and 3.9%, with three or more people. The highest incidence of STD was condyloma acuminata, affecting 29.4% of all the patients, genital candidiasis 14.2%, and genital herpes 10.6%. Of the 44.3% who submitted to serologic testing for HIV detection 5% were positive, with a ratio of 6.8 males to 1 female.CONCLUSIONS:STD prevalence remains high in Brazil and it is necessary to invest in early detection, prevention and treatment.

scholarly journals Real Urban Wage in an Agricultural Economy Without Landless Farmers: Serbia 1862-1910

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boško Mijatović ◽  
Branko Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Agricultural Economy ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Working Paper ◽  
Agricultural Societies ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Skilled And Unskilled Workers

The paper presents the first estimate of the welfare ratio for Serbia using the 19th and early 20th century data on wages of skilled and unskilled workers (including the part paid in kind) and prices of goods that enter into “subsistence” and “respectability” consumption baskets. It finds a stagnation of unskilled wage close to the welfare ratio of 1, and a modest increase in skilled wage. The paper introduces several adjustments to conventional methodology in order to make it more relevant for predominantly agricultural societies. (Stone Center on Socio-Economic Inequality Working Paper)

scholarly journals Does Plant Size Matter? Differential Effects of Foreign Direct Investment on Wages and Employment in Indian Manufacturing

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shruti Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
Unskilled Workers ◽  
Size Matter ◽  
Skilled And Unskilled Workers

This paper examines the differential effects, based on the size of the plant, of industry-level foreign direct investment (FDI) on plant-level employment and the wages of skilled and unskilled workers in India's manufacturing sector. On average, there are strong positive differential effects of increased inward-level FDI for large plants relative to small and average-sized plants in terms of employment and the average wages of both skilled and unskilled workers. Small plants experience negative effects from inward FDI, which can be explained by intra-industry reallocation of output from smaller to larger plants. After conducting a regional analysis, I find positive spillovers to small plants in Indian states that receive large and persistent flows of FDI. This suggests that a critical mass of FDI is necessary for small plants to experience positive spillover effects.

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