Book Reviews

2013 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Keyword(s):  
Jewish History ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Peter Temin of Massachusetts Institute of Technology reviews,“The Chosen Few: How Education Shaped Jewish History, 70-1492“ by Maristella Botticini and Zvi Eckstein. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Explores the economic and demographic history of the Jewish people between the years 70-1492. Discusses 70 CE-1492—how many Jews there were, and where and how they lived; whether the Jews were a persecuted minority; the people of the Book, 200 BCE-200 CE; the economics of Hebrew literacy in a world of farmers; Jews in the Talmud era, 200-650—the chosen few; the move from farmers to merchants, 750-1150; educated wandering Jews, 800-1250; segregation or choice—from merchants to moneylenders, 1000-1500; the Mongol shock—whether Judaism can survive when trade and urban economies collapse; and 1492 to today—open questions. Botticini is Professor of Economics and Director and Fellow of the Innocenzo Gasparini Institute for Economic Research at Bocconi University. Eckstein is Mario Henrique Simonson Chair in Labor Economics at Tel Aviv University and Professor and Dean of the School of Economics at IDC Herzliya. Bibliography; index”

Book Reviews

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-237
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Professor Emeritus ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Banking And Finance ◽  
History Of ◽  
South Sea ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Anne L. Murphy of University of Hertfordshire reviews, “Prometheus Shackled: Goldsmith Banks and England's Financial Revolution after 1700” by Peter Temin and Hans-Joachim Voth. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Explores the history of goldsmith banks and their role in the growth of England's economy after 1700. Discusses earning and spending in eighteenth-century London; the financial revolution; goldsmith banks; borrowers, investors, and usury laws; the South Sea Bubble; the triumph of boring banking; and finance and slow growth during the Industrial Revolution. Temin is Elisha Gray II Professor Emeritus of Economics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Voth is ICREA Research Professor at the Universitat Pompeu Fabra.”

Book Reviews

2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Keyword(s):  
Massachusetts Institute ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
Industrial Performance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Mesopotamia ◽  
Institute Of Technology

Michael Bikard of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and NBER reviews “The Invention of Enterprise: Entrepreneurship from Ancient Mesopotamia to Modern Times” edited by David S. Landes, Joel Mokyr, and William J. Baumol. The EconLit Abstract of the reviewed work begins, “Eighteen papers examine the history of entrepreneurship throughout the world since antiquity. Papers discuss global enterprise and industrial performance--an overview; entrepreneurs--from the Near Eastern takeoff to the Roman collapse; Neo-Babylonian entrepreneurs; the scale of entrepreneurship in Middle….”

Book Reviews

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 1191-1193
Keyword(s):  
Energy Policy ◽  
Massachusetts Institute ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Energy Policies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Energy Independence ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Butler University

Richard S.Eckaus, a Professor of Economics Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, reviews “U.S. Energy Policy and the Pursuit of Failure”, by Peter Z. Grossman. The Econlit abstract of this book begins: “Analyzes the history of U.S. energy policy and the failure of energy policies. Discusses crisis; failure; fuels; the Energy Independence Authority; morality; the connotation of the word ""Apollo" in discussing U.S. energy policy; collapse; crisis 2.0; and modesty. Grossman is the Clarence Efroymson Professor of Economics at Butler University.”

From the Archives

1983 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-55
Keyword(s):  
Classroom Instruction ◽  
Industrial Technology ◽  
Massachusetts Institute ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institute Of Technology

From the beginning, William Barton Rogers, the founder and first President of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, included plans for an industrial technology museum in his concept of the Institute. This museum was to have been a cross between our modern exhibit museums and simple glass cases throughout the Institute displaying sample materials and machinery for use in classroom instruction. The following three excerpts selected from the William Barton Rogers Collection in the Institute Archives show how this idea pervaded the legislation and plans enabling establishment of MIT. Over the next century, numerous attempts were made to fulfill Rogers’ vision of an educational museum. Finally, in 1971, the MIT Museum was founded to provide a visual reminder, through its programs and exhibits, of the people and research that comprise the history of MIT.

The Rise of Normative Judaism. I. To the Reorganization at Jamnia

1924 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Foot Moore
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Small Extent ◽  
Moral Principles ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
Great Achievement ◽  
The People ◽  
Distinctive Type ◽  
History Of

The centuries which we designate politically by the names of the dominant powers of the age successively as the Persian, Greek, and Roman periods of Jewish history constitute as a whole an epoch in the religious history of Judaism. In these centuries, past the middle of which the Christian era falls, Judaism brought to complete development its characteristic institutions, the school and the synagogue, in which it possessed, not only a unique instrument for the education and edification of all classes of the people in religion and morality, but the centre of its religious life, and to no small extent also of its intellectual and social life. Through the study of the Scriptures and the discussions of generations of scholars it defined its religious conceptions, its moral principles, its forms of worship, and its distinctive type of piety, as well as the rules of law and observance which became authoritative for all succeeding time. In the light of subsequent history the great achievement of these centuries was the creation of a normative type of Judaism and its establishment in undisputed supremacy throughout the wide Jewish world.

Interactive, Flexible, and Adaptable Decision Support Systems

2009 ◽  
pp. 557-562
Author(s):  
John Wang ◽  
James Yao ◽  
Jeffrey Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Decision Support Systems ◽  
Support Systems ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
Organizational Decision Making ◽  
History Of ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
The Many

Over the four decades of its history, decision support systems (DSSs) have moved from a radical movement that changed the way information systems were perceived in business, to a mainstream commercial information technology movement that all organizations engage. This interactive, flexible, and adaptable computer-based information system derives from two main areas of research: the theoretical studies of organizational decision making done at the Carnegie Institute in the 1950s and early 1960s as well as the technical work on interactive computer systems which was mainly performed by the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Keen & Morton, 1978). DSSs began due to the importance of formalizing a record of ideas, people, systems, and technologies implicated in this sector of applied information technology. But the history of this system is not precise due to the many individuals involved in different stages of DSSs and various industries while claiming to be pioneers of the system (Arnott & Pervan, 2005; Power, 2003). DSSs have become very sophisticated and stylish since these pioneers began their research. Many new systems have expanded the frontiers established by these pioneers yet the core and basis of the system remains the same. Today, DSSs are used in the finance, accounting, marketing, medical, as well as many other fields.

Designs for Comprehensive Community Colleges: 1958-1970

1989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Brint ◽  
Jerome Karabel
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Private Schools ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
Massachusetts Institute Of Technology ◽  
History Of ◽  
Total State ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
State Organization

No analysis of the history of the community college movement in Massachusetts can begin without a discussion of some of the peculiar features of higher education in that state. Indeed, the development of all public colleges in Massachusetts was, for many years, inhibited by the strength of the state’s private institutions (Lustberg 1979, Murphy 1974, Stafford 1980). The Protestant establishment had strong traditional ties to elite colleges—such as Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Williams, and Amherst—and the Catholic middle class felt equally strong bonds to the two Jesuit institutions in the state: Boston College and Holy Cross (Jencks and Riesman 1968, p. 263). If they had gone to college at all, most of Massachusetts’s state legislators had done so in the private system. Private college loyalties were not the only reasons for opposition to public higher education. Increased state spending for any purpose was often an anathema to many Republican legislators, and even most urban “machine” Democrats were unwilling to spend state dollars where the private sector appeared to work well enough (Stafford and Lustberg 1978). As late as 1950, the commonwealth’s public higher education sector served fewer than ten thousand students, just over 10 percent of total state enrollments in higher education. In 1960, public enrollment had grown to only 16 percent of the total, at a time when 59 percent of college students nationwide were enrolled in public institutions (Stafford and Lustberg 1978, p. 12). Indeed, the public sector did not reach parity with the private sector until the 1980s. Of the 15,945 students enrolled in Massachusetts public higher education in 1960, well over 95 percent were in-state students. The private schools, by contrast, cast a broader net: of the nearly 83,000 students enrolled in the private schools, more than 40 percent were from out of state (Organization for Social and Technical Innovation 1973). The opposition to public higher education began to recede in the late 1950s. Already by mid-decade, a large number of urban liberals had become members of the state legislature, and a new governor, Foster Furcolo, had been elected in 1956 on an activist platform.

scholarly journals Political cognition. Can scientific paradigms change cognitive status of anti-semitism and the Holocaust in the history of the jewish people?

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-54
Author(s):  
Łukasz Młyńczyk
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Research Paradigms ◽  
Scientific Paradigms ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
The People ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
History Of

Abstract The purpose of this article is to look at selected positions devoted to issues of historical experience of the Jewish people for their research strategy and their corresponding or lack of dominant research paradigms. The basic intention is to indicate the path of political science to know the history of the nation, through limited exemplification as a response to the absolutization of the research results before they are published to be limited exclusively to the study of the Jews, as the people, especially experienced by the history, which enforces appropriate research approaches. If we reduce the judgment of contemporary phenomena and problems concerning the Jews to the stereotypical anti-Semitism, then any knowledge does not make much sense, because everything important is explained and closed in one cause. Something else is identifying antipathy as an act of anti-Semitism, and quite something else its formal manifestation. On the basis of science, you can examine any antipathy towards minorities alike, and if we assume a separate code for the Jews, then we forget that the function of science is discovering, not decreeing the result.

Between Others and Brothers

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-588
Author(s):  
Michelle U. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Education System ◽  
Jewish History ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Jewish People ◽  
The West ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Identity Based

Some fifteen years ago, the Israel Museum exhibition “To the East: Orientalism in the Arts in Israel” featured a photograph by the Israeli artist Meir Gal entitled “Nine Out of Four Hundred: The West and the Rest.” At the center of the photograph was Gal, holding the nine pages that dealt with the history of Jews in the Middle East in a textbook of Jewish history used in Israel's education system. As Gal viscerally argued, “these books helped establish a consciousness that the history of the Jewish people took place in Eastern Europe and that Mizrahim have no history worthy of remembering.” More damningly, he wrote that “the advent of Zionism and the establishment of the Israeli State drove a wedge between Mizrahim and their origins, and replaced their Jewish-Arab identity with a new Israeli identity based on European ideals as well as hatred of the Arab world.”

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