scholarly journals Inside the Box: Safety, Health, and Isolation in Prison

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 97-122
Author(s):  
Bruce Western
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Inequality ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Black Box ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Solitary Confinement ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Prison Programs ◽  
Penal Institution ◽  
Complete Account

A large social science research literature examines the effects of prisons on crime and socioeconomic inequality, but the penal institution itself is often a black box overlooked in the analysis of its effects. This paper examines prisons and their role in rehabilitative programs and as venues for violence, health and healthcare, and extreme isolation through solitary confinement. Research shows that incarcerated people are participating less today than in the 1980s in prison programs, and they face high risks of violence, disease, and isolation. Prison conditions suggest the mechanisms that impair adjustment to community life after release provide a more complete account of the costs of incarceration and indicate the performance of prisons as moral institutions that bear a responsibility for humane and decent treatment.

scholarly journals Strengthening Anti-Racist Gerontology Research: Does One Size Fit All?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 237-237
Author(s):  
Lyn Holley
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Social Science ◽  
American Indians ◽  
Conceptual Analysis ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Culture Care ◽  
Key Concepts

Abstract This paper is based on a scoping review and conceptual analysis of research literature about incorporating anti-racism into social science research practices. In his examination of how anti-racist research can effectively borrow key concepts such as “validation and “reliability” from traditional social science research, Dei concludes that these concepts must be reconsidered to addresses the main issues of anti-racism. (2005). A further critique of these concepts is that they do not account for differences among racism as it is applied to different minoritized groups. Public Health Nurses and other practitioners have long recognized the importance of understanding and taking these differences into account in their “culturally competent” practice. (Lipscomb, Culture Care) Although there is some literature about de-centering whiteness in research (e.g., https://libguides.umn.edu/antiracismlens ), little is available to guide research that acknowledges and addresses overlapping yet differing contours of racism as experienced by different “races”, e.g., Black-Americans, Native American Indians”.

How Much does Empathy Resemble Trust? Trust Radius and Interpersonal Empathy in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumin Lee ◽  
◽  
Wonho Jang ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Korean Society ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Demographic Background

This research attempts to 1) explore trust from a theoretical angle using various perspectives in the social science research literature and 2) reveal the empirical relationship between trust and empathy at the individual level. Although trust and empathy share similar characteristics when considered in the realm of theory, they have typically been probed in distinct disciplines. Hence, there is a need for interdisciplinary perspective that addresses two concepts together. Using the Social Attitude Survey for Korean Society data collected in 2021, this study conducted a correlation and multivariate analysis that examined how much trust and empathy resemble. The results show that trust radius and interpersonal empathy are highly correlated. Also, trust and empathy levels differ from individual to individual in terms of one’s socioeconomic and demographic background. From this comparison, we emphasize the importance of the macro level effect of trust and empathy.

Mitigating the Effects of Social Desirability Bias in Self-Report Surveys

2020 ◽  
pp. 146-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Durmaz ◽  
İnci Dursun ◽  
Ebru Tümer Kabadayi
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Special Kind ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Measurement Methods ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Social Desirability Bias ◽  
New Techniques

Self-reporting is a frequently used method to measure various constructs in many areas of social science research. Literature holds abundant evidence that social desirability bias (SDB), which is a special kind of response bias, can severely plague the validity and accuracy of the self-report survey measurements. However, in many areas of behavioral research, there is little or no alternative to self-report surveys for collecting data about specific constructs that only the respondents may have the information about. Thus, researchers need to detect or minimize SDB to improve the quality of overall data and their deductions drawn from them. Literature provides a number of techniques for minimizing SDB during survey procedure and statistical measurement methods to detect and minimize the validity-destructive impact of SDB. This study aims to explicate the classical and new techniques for mitigating the SDB and to provide a guideline for the researchers, especially for those who focus on socially sensitive constructs.

Social Identity in Facebook Community Life

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 64-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaoke Zhang ◽  
Hao Jiang ◽  
John M. Carroll
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Online Community ◽  
Identity Theory ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Community Life ◽  
Role Identities ◽  
Identity Studies

Social identity is a key construct to understand online community life. While existing online identity studies present a relatively static conception of identity, grounded in user profiles and other personal information, in this paper the authors investigate more dynamic aspects of identity, grounded in patterns of social interaction in Facebook community life, drawing on social science research on identity theory and social identity theory. The authors examine the tensions experienced by people between assimilation and differentiation with respect to group identities and role identities. The study provides a framework for understanding how users construct self-presentations in different online social interactions, actively managing identity, rather than merely declaring it in a relatively static profile. The authors speculate on how social computing environments could more effectively support identity presentation.

scholarly journals Acts of digital parasitism: Hacking, humanitarian apps and platformisation

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 2548-2565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Aradau ◽  
Tobias Blanke ◽  
Giles Greenway
Keyword(s):  
Social Science Research ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Black Box ◽  
The Other ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Digital Methods ◽  
A Site

The opacity of digital technologies has posed significant challenges for critical research and digital methods. In response, controversy mapping, reverse engineering and hacking have been key methodological devices to grapple with opacity and ‘open the black box’ of digital ecosystems. We take recent developments in digital humanitarianism and the accelerated production of apps for refugees following the 2015 Mediterranean refugee crisis as a site of methodological experimentation to advance hacking as critical methodological interference. Drawing on the work of Michel Serres, we propose to understand digital technologies as ‘parasitic’ and reconceptualise hacking as ‘acts of digital parasitism’. Acts of digital parasitism are interferences that work alongside rather than work against. On one hand, this reworking of hacking advances an agenda for digital methods through reworking hacking for digital humanities and social science research. On the other, it allows us to show how the object of research – humanitarian apps – is configured through platformisation and incorporation within digital parasitic relations.

“How Am I Supposed to Treat These Cases?” Working with Families Struggling with Entrenched Parent–Child Contact Problems

2019 ◽  
pp. 227-259
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Fidler ◽  
Robin Deutsch ◽  
Shely Polak
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Contact Problems ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Assessment And Treatment ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Parent Child

Effective family interventions when children resist or reject contact with a parent in highly conflicted coparenting cases continue to pose significant challenges for mental health professionals, lawyers, and the courts. There is no consensus within the social science research literature on how best to identify, assess, and clinically respond to situations involving resist-refuse dynamics, which are multifaceted in causation and require clinical and often legal remedies. This chapter differentiates parent–child contact problems on a continuum by nature and severity, provides a triaged model of differentiated clinical and legal approaches, and briefly summarizes the existing research on the efficacy of existing interventions. A moderately severe case example is presented to illustrate screening, assessment, and treatment plan development, the application of Multifaceted Family Therapy, and coordinated legal interventions.

Anatomy of Social Science Research Literature

2014 ◽  
pp. 329-337
Author(s):  
K. C. Panda ◽  
Bipin Bihari Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Research Productivity ◽  
Publication Output ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Citation Pattern ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Science And Education

This chapter evaluates the publication output and citation pattern of research papers in Social Sciences and Humanities based on the Science Direct Database, exclusively for the period 2006-2010. In addition to the analysis of trends in publication, the citation patterns and global publication profiles are emphasized. An extensive attempt has been also made to explore the strengths and weakness of different productive countries, affiliated organizations, and productive researchers considering their respective research productivity. The core findings indicate that the momentum in publication output has increased due to the growing participation of researchers in research and development activities, particularly in the area of social sciences at the global level and more identically in sub-fields such as: Lib. and Inf. Sc.; Sociology; Political Science; and Education.

Powerlessness, Empowerment, and Health: Implications for Health Promotion Programs

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 197-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Wallerstein
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Social Epidemiology ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Health Promotion Programs ◽  
Psychology Community

Purpose and Scope. This article reviews the health and social science research relevant to both the role of powerlessness as a risk factor for disease, and the role of empowerment as a health-enhancing strategy. The research literature surveyed includes studies that address these key concepts from the fields of social epidemiology, occupational health, stress research, social psychology, community psychology, social support and networks, community competence and community organizing. Definitions are provided to operationalize these sometimes loosely-applied terms. Important Findings. Powerlessness, or lack of control over destiny, emerges as a broad-based risk factor for disease. Empowerment, though more difficult to evaluate, can also be demonstrated as an important promoter of health. Major Conclusions. Given the importance and currency of these concepts of powerlessness and empowerment, a model of empowerment education is proposed for health-promotion practitioners. Measurement of empowerment raises issues for researchers on how to test the multiple personal and community changes that may result from an empowering education intervention.

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