Sustainable Transformation of Resettled Communities for Landless Peasants: Generation Logic of Spatial Conflicts

Urbanization in China has resulted in serious conflicts. Landless peasants are resettled between urban and rural areas in transitional communities. where their rural lifestyles often lead to spatial conflicts. We proposed a conceptual model to provide theoretical guidance for the governance of spatial conflicts and the sustainable transformation of resettled communities. Using field observations and semi-structured interviews, we examined 10 resettled communities in Hangzhou, China. The use of grounded theory to code the interview texts yielded 71 initial concepts and 22 categories that we then refined into six main categories: community physical environment (e.g., quality of private housing), community communication environment (e.g., heterogeneity of community population), landless peasants’ risk perceptions (e.g., impacts on social psychology), community governance capacity (e.g., trust in community’s self-governing organizations), residents’ space perceptions (e.g., awareness of space rights), and space competition behavior (e.g., fighting for public space). Finally, we applied social combustion theory to construct a logical relationship between the core category and main categories. The results show that changes in the physical and communication environments are the root elements (“combustion substances”) of spatial conflicts; the driving factors are landless peasants’ risk perceptions and community governance capabilities; direct elements (“ignition temperature”) are residents’ space perceptions and space competition behavior. Strategies for sustained transformation in resettled communities should prioritize gradual transitions of community space, improve support mechanisms for landless peasants, optimize community governance mechanisms, and cultivate awareness of community rules. This study aids the understanding of the inner mechanism for the sustainable development of resettled communities and has implications for other countries and regions in similar contexts.

Iniciação Científica em Psicologia Social Comunitária na Pandemia da COVID-19 / Scientific Initiation in Community Social Psychology in the COVID-19 Pandemic

Resumo: Este trabalho é o resultado de uma pesquisa de Iniciação Científica, realizado por uma aluna da primeira turma de Psicologia do Centro Universitário do Espírito Santo (UNESC). Refere-se ao projeto Abacateiro: Iniciação Científica em Psicologia Social Comunitária por meio de levantamento de teses defendidas na Região Sudeste do Brasil. Tem por objetivo, apresentar as produções desenvolvidas no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicossociologia de Comunidades e Ecologia Social (EICOS), da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Apresenta também, um relato histórico sobre a EICOS, a Psicologia Social Comunitária, a Ecologia Social, a importância da pesquisa e os desafios no desenvolvimento da IC em meio a pandemia da Covid-19. Fundamenta-se na análise de103 teses defendidas, no período entre 2003 e 2020. Os resultados obtidos foram apresentados por meio de quadros expositivos e discutidos em doze categorias. Palavras-chave: Psicologia Comunitária. Comunidade. Iniciação Científica. Abstract: This work is the result of a Scientific Initiation research, carried out by a student of the first Psychology class at the University Center of Espírito Santo (UNESC). It refers to the Abacateiro project: Scientific Initiation in Community Social Psychology through a survey of theses defended in the Southeast region of Brazil. Its objective is to present the productions developed in the Postgraduate Program in Psychosociology of Communities and Social Ecology (EICOS), at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro. It also presents a historical report on EICOS, Community Social Psychology, Social Ecology, the importance of research and the challenges in the development of CI in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic. It is based on the analysis of 103 theses defended, in the period between 2003 and 2020. The results obtained were presented through expository tables and discussed in twelve categories. Keywords: Community Psychology. Community. Scientific research.

Formation of emotional stability in patients over 65 years old in the context of COVID-19 pandemic (part 1)

To date, when using the following search terms: «65+”, «elderly person», and «emotional resilience» in titles and abstracts (as well as in combination with medical thematic heading terms), the PUBMED, Scopus and EMBASE databases present 4,500 papers devoted to mental health problems of age 65+ associated with complex epidemic situations; at the same time, there is still not enough research aimed at studying mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current situation with the COVID-19 pandemic poses many questions for the psychology community regarding how to get out of an epidemic emergency without losing mental health, how to effectively overcome the problems and further improve social policy in relation to people aged 65+ in the post-pandemic period.

An Urgent Call for I-O Psychologists to Produce Timelier Technology Research

The rapid pace at which technology changes creates a challenge for I-O psychologists, who often conduct hypothetico-deductive research. In this article, we examine technology research in the I-O psychology community by asking three questions: “Why should I-O psychologists study new technologies?,” “How timely is I-O psychologists’ technology research?,” and “How can I-O psychologists produce timelier technology research?” Using archival data from 23 years of SIOP conferences and a historical timeline of technology innovations, we find that I-O psychologists study technology milestones an average of 6.10 years after they first enter widespread awareness and adoption. We discuss the implications of this lag and conclude by urging I-O psychologists to study technology with an eye toward action, exploration, collaboration, dissemination, and creation.

How Effective Altruism Can Help Psychologists Maximize Their Impact

Although many psychologists are interested in making the world a better place through their work, they are often unable to have the impact that they would like. Here, we suggest that both individuals and psychology as a field can better improve human welfare by incorporating ideas from Effective Altruism, a growing movement whose members aim to do the most good by using science and reason to inform their efforts. In this paper, we first provide a brief introduction to Effective Altruism and review important principles that can be applied to how psychologists approach their careers, such as the ITN framework (Importance, Tractability, and Neglectedness). Next, we review how effective altruism can inform how individuals approach their roles as teachers, clinicians, researchers, mentors, and participants in the non-academic world. Finally, we close with a discussion of ideas for how psychology, as a field, can increase its positive impact. By applying insights from effective altruism to psychological science, we aim to integrate new theoretical frameworks into psychological science, stimulate new areas of research, start a discussion on how psychology can maximize its impact, and inspire the psychology community to do the most good.

THE ADDICTION: A PSYCHODYNAMIC REVIEW OF GAME ADDICTION

The behavioral addiction, apart from substance use addiction, is defined by impulsive repetitive actions of the individual and has become one of the relatively new problems in the psychology community. Game addiction, which has similar diagnostic criteria with gambling addiction, is one of the areas of behavioral addiction, and studies on early object relationships, one of the reasons of this field, are very limited. Game addiction, which affects individuals regardless of age group with the developing technology, is explained by the early period unsuccessful object relations. When it comes to the importance of play in adult life, the concept of fantasy is also included in the work. In general, in this study, the irresistible needs of individuals for the controllable depth and colorful aspects of the virtual world were tried to be explained in the context of individuals' past life patterns, ego functions, self and object designs, and the clinical manifestations of behavioral addictions and also the importance of psychodynamic approaches when working with them were emphasized. Keywords: Game addiction, behavioral addiction, psychodynamic aspects of addiction, fantasy

A Survey of Applied Impact of Literature in Sport Psychology

There has been an implied direct connection between the scholarly literature and applied practice. However, the sport and exercise psychology community is lacking an empirical account of what practitioners believe to have been the most impactful scholarly writings to their applied practice. The purpose of this study was to survey applied practitioners of their perceived most impactful scholarly writings to their professional practice. Surveys were returned from 532 participants solicited from the Association for Applied Sport Psychology membership, who were asked to identify their perceived most impactful book and journal article to their practice. Frequency statistics were calculated and presented for topic, type, title, author(s), year published, and journal. A total of 143 different books and 188 different articles across 84 different journals were reported. Implications for applied practice, teaching sport and exercise psychology, and research are presented.

Research Challenges and Innovative Methodologies, Approaches, and Processes

Investigative practices, including research methodologies, approaches, processes, as well as knowledge dissemination efforts continue to evolve within inclusive or special education. So too do such practices evolve within related fields such as nursing, psychology, community-based care, health promotion, etc. There are several research approaches that promote the tools required to effect inclusive education, such as: evidence-based practice (EBP), EBP in practice, creative secondary uses of (anonymous) data, collective impact, qualitative evidence synthesis (QES), and lines of action (LOA). Other approaches that promote a more inclusive education research agenda more generally, include action research and participatory action research, inclusive research, appreciative inquiry, and arts-based educational research.

Why optional stopping can be a problem for Bayesians

Recently, optional stopping has been a subject of debate in the Bayesian psychology community. Rouder (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review21(2), 301–308, 2014) argues that optional stopping is no problem for Bayesians, and even recommends the use of optional stopping in practice, as do (Wagenmakers, Wetzels, Borsboom, van der Maas & Kievit, Perspectives on Psychological Science7, 627–633, 2012). This article addresses the question of whether optional stopping is problematic for Bayesian methods, and specifies under which circumstances and in which sense it is and is not. By slightly varying and extending Rouder’s (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review21(2), 301–308, 2014) experiments, we illustrate that, as soon as the parameters of interest are equipped with default or pragmatic priors—which means, in most practical applications of Bayes factor hypothesis testing—resilience to optional stopping can break down. We distinguish between three types of default priors, each having their own specific issues with optional stopping, ranging from no-problem-at-all (type 0 priors) to quite severe (type II priors).

Comparing experimental conditions using modern statistics

While the applied psychology community relies on statistics to assist drawing conclusions from quantitative data, the methods being used mostly today do not reflect several of the advances in statistics that have been realized over the past decades. We show in this paper how a number of issues with how statistical analyses are presently executed and reported in the literature can be addressed by applying more modern methods. Unfortunately, such new methods are not always supported by widely available statistical packages, such as SPSS, which is why we also introduce a new software platform, called ILLMO (for Interactive Log-Likelihood MOdeling), which offers an intuitive interface to such modern statistical methods. In order to limit the complexity of the material being covered in this paper, we focus the discussion on a fairly simple, but nevertheless very frequent and important statistical task, i.e., comparing two experimental conditions.