scholarly journals How Do Gasoline Prices Affect Fleet Fuel Economy?

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanjun Li ◽  
Christopher Timmins ◽  
Roger H von Haefen
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Economy ◽  
Gasoline Prices ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Policy Simulations

Exploiting a rich dataset of passenger vehicle registrations in 20 US MSAs from 1997 to 2005, we examine the effects of gasoline prices on the automotive fleet's composition. We find that high gasoline prices affect fleet fuel economy through two channels: shifting new auto purchases towards more fuel-efficient vehicles, and speeding the scrappage of older, less fuel-efficient used vehicles. Policy simulations suggest that a 10 percent increase in gasoline prices from 2005 levels will generate a 0.22 percent increase in fleet fuel economy in the short run and a 2.04 percent increase in the long run. (JEL H25, L11, L69, L71)

scholarly journals The Impacts of Fuel Price Policies on Air Pollution: A Case Study of Tehran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
pouran raeissi ◽  
touraj harati ◽  
mohammad hadian ◽  
Sepehr Ahmadian
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Gasoline Prices ◽  
Fuel Price ◽  
Pollution Concentration ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Percent Decrease ◽  
Price Policies

Abstract Background: This study aims to investigate the impacts of fuel price policies on the concentration of air pollutants emitted from the transport sector.Methods: Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) estimation models were used to investigate the impacts of gasoline and diesel prices along with weather and economic variables on the following traffic-related pollutants: Carbon monoxide (CO), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Particular matter 10 micrometers or less (PM10).Results: In the short run, one percent increase in gasoline prices lead to 0.02 percent decrease in concentration of CO and 0.012 percent decrease in PM10. In addition, one percent increase in diesel prices leads to 0.008 and 0.02 percent decrease in concentration of CO and PM10 respectively. Results demonstrate that one percent increase in gasoline prices leads to 0.011 and 0.02 percent increase in NO2 concentration in short run and long run respectively. Compared to the short run, the results for the long run showed that fuel prices had greater impacts on air pollution concentration. Conclusion: Although the implementation of fuel price policies decreases air pollution concentration in Tehran, the results showed that other factors such as weather and economic activities and conditions, had a greater impact on air pollution. Therefore, other policies such as improving fuel quality and technology along with other economic policies can be more effective.

scholarly journals Food Inflation and Passenger Vehicle Purchases in South Africa: Cointegration, Short Run Dynamics and Causality

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5(J)) ◽  
pp. 122-134
Author(s):  
Eric Kateta Tshiakambila ◽  
Joseph Chisasa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Vehicle Purchase ◽  
Food Inflation

 Food inflation in South Africa has been observed to be a major source of underlying inflationary pressures in the economy due to its persistence beyond that of other commodities. In this regard, this study investigated whether an increase in the prices of food products has a significant effect on passenger vehicle purchases in South Africa. The Phillip-Perron (PP) test, showed vehicle purchases to be stationary in level while food inflation was stationary in the first difference. Using secondary time series data, the Johansen cointegration test revealed that the variables in the vehicle purchase function were cointegrated in the long run. The vector error correction model showed a long-run relationship, albeit insignificant, between food inflation and vehicle purchases. There was no evidence of a short run relationship between the two variables. The Granger causality test revealed no causal effect between the variables, regardless of the direction of the test. The study concluded that an increase in the prices of food products will not play a considerable role in consumers’ vehicle purchase decisions in South Africa. These results have policy implications for the motor and related industries.

The Contribution of Tourism to Economic Growth: The Case of Qatar

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 598
Author(s):  
Ozcan OZTURK ◽  
Maryam AL-KUWARI
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Gcc Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Short Run

Most of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries’ wealth was attributed to revenues generated from oil and gas exports. However, with the fluctuation of oil demand and prices, leaders of GCC countries acknowledged the importance of economic diversification to reduce their dependence on oil exportation and allow for revenue generation from non-energy sectors. As a result, GCC countries, including Qatar, have witnessed rapid development in the tourism sector. The Qatari government commenced several local and intra-regional development plans, which promised more inflow of tourists both from GCC countries and other countries. Yet, impacted by the GCC crisis, the total number of visitors to Qatar noticeably decreased. These changes raise unanswered questions on whether the investment in the tourism sector can create a sustainable non-energy source of revenue. Since little attention has been paid to this issue, this paper contributes to the current understanding of the issue by examining the contribution of tourism to economic growth in Qatar. Using annual data from 1995 to 2018 and employing an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the paper tested whether the Tourism-Led-Growth Hypothesis (TLGH) is valid for the case of Qatar. Results suggest that tourism does not have a statistically significant impact on economic growth in the short-run. However, it has a statistically significant impact in the long-run, such that every 10 percent increase in tourist visits causes a 3 percent increase in GDP growth. The results suggest that the investment efforts in the tourism sector should continue to stimulate economic growth and development and diversify the economy away from the energy sector.

scholarly journals Financial Development and Poverty Reduction in Bangladesh: Evidence from the ARDL Bound Testing Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Kazi Mezbah Uddin Ahamad ◽  
Shakil Mahmood Shaon ◽  
Noushin Farjana Huda Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Military Expenditure ◽  
Developing Nation ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Testing Approach ◽  
Macroeconomic Stability

This paper investigates how financial development is related to poverty reduction in a developing nation such as Bangladesh. Employing the ARDL bound testing approach to cointegration, the study finds that the variables representing poverty reduction and financial development are cointegrated. The long-run and the short-run estimations indicate that financial development reduces poverty. In particular, on average, a 1 percent increase in financial development reduces poverty by 0.6 percent in the long run, and in the short run, the rate is 0.4 percent. The results are robust even when controlling for military expenditure and macroeconomic stability variables. The study also discovers that even though military expenditure may seem innocuous in the short run, it hurts poverty reduction in the long run.

scholarly journals Food Inflation and Passenger Vehicle Purchases in South Africa: Cointegration, Short Run Dynamics and Causality

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Eric Kateta Tshiakambila ◽  
Joseph Chisasa
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Passenger Vehicle ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Vehicle Purchase ◽  
Food Inflation

 Food inflation in South Africa has been observed to be a major source of underlying inflationary pressures in the economy due to its persistence beyond that of other commodities. In this regard, this study investigated whether an increase in the prices of food products has a significant effect on passenger vehicle purchases in South Africa. The Phillip-Perron (PP) test, showed vehicle purchases to be stationary in level while food inflation was stationary in the first difference. Using secondary time series data, the Johansen cointegration test revealed that the variables in the vehicle purchase function were cointegrated in the long run. The vector error correction model showed a long-run relationship, albeit insignificant, between food inflation and vehicle purchases. There was no evidence of a short run relationship between the two variables. The Granger causality test revealed no causal effect between the variables, regardless of the direction of the test. The study concluded that an increase in the prices of food products will not play a considerable role in consumers’ vehicle purchase decisions in South Africa. These results have policy implications for the motor and related industries.

Migration and US agricultural competitiveness

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip L. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Farm Workers ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Guest Workers ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Lower Wage ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

Agriculture has one of the highest shares of foreign-born and unauthorized workers among US industries; over three-fourths of hired farm workers were born abroad, usually in Mexico, and over half of all farm workers are unauthorized. Farm employers are among the few to openly acknowledge their dependence on migrant and unauthorized workers, and they oppose efforts to reduce unauthorized migration unless the government legalizes currently illegal farm workers or provides easy access to legal guest workers. The effects of migrants on agricultural competitiveness are mixed. On the one hand, wages held down by migrants keep labour-intensive commodities competitive in the short run, but the fact that most labour-intensive commodities are shipped long distances means that long-run US competitiveness may be eroded as US farmers have fewer incentives to develop labour-saving and productivity-improving methods of farming and production in lower-wage countries expands.

Electricity consumption and economic growth in ASEAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ghazali Ismail ◽  
Arlinah Abd Rashid ◽  
Azlina Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Panel Estimation ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship and causality direction between electricity consumption and economic growth is an important issue in the fields of energy economics and policies towards energy use. Extensive literatures has discussed the issue, but the array of findings provides anything but consensus on either the existence of relations or direction of causality between the variables. This study extends research in this area by studying the long-run and causal relations between economic growth, electricity consumption, labour and capital based on the neo-classical one sector aggregate production technology mode using data of electricity consumption and real GDP for ASEAN from the year 1983 to 2012. The analysis is conducted using advanced panel estimation approaches and found no causality in the short run while in the long-run, the results indicate that there are bidirectional relationship among variables. This study provides supplementary evidences of relationship between electricity consumption and economic growth in ASEAN.

Impact of exchange rate and oil price on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk: Evidence from Malaysian capital market

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Huda Arshad ◽  
Ruhaini Muda ◽  
Ismah Osman
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Capital Market ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Sovereign Bond ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Impact

This study analyses the impact of exchange rate and oil prices on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk for Malaysian capital market. This study aims to ascertain the effect of weakening Malaysian Ringgit and declining of crude oil price on the fixed income investors in the emerging capital market. This study utilises daily time series data of Malaysian exchange rate, oil price and the yield of Malaysian sovereign bond and sukuk from year 2006 until 2015. The findings show that the weakening of exchange rate and oil prices contribute different impacts in the short and long run. In the short run, the exchange rate and oil prices does not have a direct relation with the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk. However, in the long run, the result reveals that there is a significant relationship between exchange rate and oil prices on the yield of sovereign bond and sukuk. It is evident that only a unidirectional causality relation is present between exchange rate and oil price towards selected yield of Malaysian sovereign bond and sukuk. This study provides numerical and empirical insights on issues relating to capital market that supports public authorities and private institutions on their decision and policymaking process.

ANALISIS PENGARUH EKSPOR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Ari Mulianta Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Correction Model ◽  
Administration System ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
The Relationship

Ekspor merupakan salah satu faktor terjadinya peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara, sejalan dengan hipotesis export-led growth (ELG). Penelitian ini menganalisis perkembangan ekspor dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia periode kuartal I 2001 sampai dengan kuartal IV 2015. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dalam menggambarkan perkembangan pertumbuhan ekonomi serta ekspor dan analisis kuantitatif metode Error Correction Model (ECM) dalam menganalisis efek jangka panjang dan jangka pendek dari ekspor terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Pada periode penelitian, data yang ada menunjukkan bahwa ekspor dan pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia sama-sama mengalami peningkatan. Hasil regresi ECM menunjukkan bahwa ekspor memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan secara statistik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia, yang mendukung hipotesis bahwa ELG berlaku untuk Indonesia. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, maka untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia diperlukan peningkatan kinerja ekspor Indonesia. Peningkatan kinerja ekspor Indonesia dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, salah satunya adalah dengan perbaikan sistem administrasi ekspor, peningkatan riset dan pengembangan produk Indonesia, peningkatan sarana dan prasarana infrastruktur, stabilitas nilai tukar dan perluasan pasar non tradisional, termasuk perbaikan struktur ekspor komoditas. Export is one of the factors behind the economic growth which is in line with the export-led growth hypotesis (ELG). This research analyzes the relationship between economic growth and export of Indonesia during first quarter of 2001 until fourth quarter of 2015. It employs descriptive analysis to describe export movement and economic growth during the study period and ECM model to analyze the long run and the short run effects of export on the economic growth. The available information indicated that, during the study period, both export and economic growth showed similar increasing trends. The result of the ECM model revealed that export had a positive and statistically significant relationship with the economic growth, supporting the hypotesis of ELG in Indonesia. Hence, to accelerate economic growth, efforts are required to boost the export performance in Indonesia. The Export performance can be increased by several way, such as improving the export administration system, increasing the research and development of Indonesian products, improving the facilities and infrastructure, exchange rate stability and the non-tradisional markets expansion, and including improvement of the export commodity structure.

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