Fiscal Spending Jobs Multipliers: Evidence from the 2009 American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Wilson
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
First Year ◽  
Fiscal Stimulus ◽  
Federal Highway ◽  
Fiscal Spending

This paper estimates the “jobs multiplier” of fiscal stimulus spending using the state-level allocations of federal stimulus funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA) of 2009. Because the level and timing of stimulus funds that a state receives was potentially endogenous, I exploit the fact that most of these funds were allocated according to exogenous formulary allocation factors such as the number of federal highway miles in a state or its youth share of population. Cross-state IV results indicate that ARRA spending in its first year yielded about eight jobs per million dollars spent, or $125,000 per job. (JEL E24, E62, H72, H75, R23)

Former Teachers Who Return to Public Schools: District and Teacher Characteristics of Teachers Who Return to the Districts They Left

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 462-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Q. Beaudin
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Districts ◽  
State Level ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Teacher Characteristics ◽  
The State ◽  
First Year ◽  
Educational Funding ◽  
Former Teachers ◽  
One Year

This is a companion article to “Teachers Who Interrupt Their Careers: Characteristics of Those Who Return to the Classroom” ( Beaudin, 1993a ). The research summarized in the prior article was directed at understanding the composition of the teacher “reserve pool” at the state level. It examined teacher characteristics, experience, subject-area specialty, and opportunity costs that distinguished teachers who returned to public schools in Michigan from those who did not. In the following article, the analysis is conducted at the district level. Using maximum likelihood logistic regression analysis, district and teacher characteristics are identified that differentiate teachers who return to the districts they left from those who return to other public school districts in the state. The findings show teachers return to the districts they left if the districts paid higher first-year salaries and had higher levels of educational funding and higher pupil-teacher ratios than other districts in the state. More experienced teachers who interrupted their careers for one year, females, older, and Black teachers were more likely to return to the districts they left than to other school districts.

Medicaid 101: A Primer for Speech-Language Pathologists in Education Settings

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-11
Author(s):  
Janet Deppe ◽  
Marie Ireland
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Speech Language Pathologists ◽  
Inspector General ◽  
Medical Necessity ◽  
School Settings ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
School Based ◽  
Emerging Trends

This paper will provide the school-based speech-language pathologist (SLP) with an overview of the federal requirements for Medicaid, including provider qualifications, “under the direction of” rule, medical necessity, and covered services. Billing, documentation, and reimbursement issues at the state level will be examined. A summary of the findings of the Office of Inspector General audits of state Medicaid plans is included as well as what SLPs need to do in order to ensure that services are delivered appropriately. Emerging trends and advocacy tools will complete the primer on Medicaid services in school settings.

Moving the State-Level Needle: Using Epidemiological Data and Locally Tailored Prevention Strategy

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Buka ◽  
Jasmina Burdzovic ◽  
Elizabeth Kretchman ◽  
Charles Williams ◽  
Paul Florin
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
The State ◽  
Prevention Strategy

To Study the impact of Gabbar Singh tax or Goods & services tax for Restaurant and Food Services Business in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (12) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
Mr. Arun Gautam ◽  
Dr. Saurabh Sharma ◽  
CA Narendra Kumar Bansal
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Assessment Framework ◽  
Food Services ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Single Tax ◽  
The Impact

GST that is Goods and Services Tax has been in compel since first July, 2017 and which is, in constrain on numerous countries globally and they all were thinking about it as their business assessment framework. The principle reason for GST is to realize single tax on products at both centre and the state level in the nation.

Safety assessment of biological raw materials in the system of medicines quality assurance

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Yu. Olefir ◽  
E. Sakanyan ◽  
I. Osipova ◽  
V. Dobrynin ◽  
M. Smirnova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Spongiform Encephalopathy ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
First Time ◽  
Medicines Quality

The entry of a wide range of biotechnological products into the pharmaceutical market calls for rein-forcement of the quality, efficacy and safety standards at the state level. The following general monographs have been elaborated for the first time to be included into the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, XIV edition: "Viral safety" and "Reduction of the risk of transmitting animal spongiform encephalopathy via medicinal products". These general monographs were elaborated taking into account the requirements of foreign pharmacopoeias and the WHO recommendations. The present paper summarises the key aspects of the monographs.

Engagement Through the Diaspora Channel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Danielson
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Municipal Level

The first empirical task is to identify the characteristics of municipalities which US-based migrants have come together to support financially. Using a nationwide, municipal-level data set compiled by the author, the chapter estimates several multivariate statistical models to compare municipalities that did not benefit from the 3x1 Program for Migrants with those that did, and seeks to explain variation in the number and value of 3x1 projects. The analysis shows that migrants are more likely to contribute where migrant civil society has become more deeply institutionalized at the state level and in places with longer histories as migrant-sending places. Furthermore, the results suggest that political factors are at play, as projects have disproportionately benefited states and municipalities where the PAN had a stronger presence, with fewer occurring elsewhere.

Regulation of Water

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Policy ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Water Law ◽  
Water Regulation ◽  
Water Policies ◽  
Broad View ◽  
National Water

This chapter focuses on legal instruments that take a broad view of water regulation. There are, as yet, no framework statutory instruments at the state or Union level but drafts have been prepared and this chapter reproduces the latest draft National Water Framework Bill. The next section then moves on to water policies that have been adopted at the Union and state level for some years, highlighting here the National Water Policy, 2012. The last section focuses on an upcoming area of water law, inter-sectoral allocation of water, an issue that is not yet well covered in legal instruments. This section highlights some state-level instruments that seek to address the issue.

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