Engagement Through the Diaspora Channel

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael S. Danielson
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Municipal Level

The first empirical task is to identify the characteristics of municipalities which US-based migrants have come together to support financially. Using a nationwide, municipal-level data set compiled by the author, the chapter estimates several multivariate statistical models to compare municipalities that did not benefit from the 3x1 Program for Migrants with those that did, and seeks to explain variation in the number and value of 3x1 projects. The analysis shows that migrants are more likely to contribute where migrant civil society has become more deeply institutionalized at the state level and in places with longer histories as migrant-sending places. Furthermore, the results suggest that political factors are at play, as projects have disproportionately benefited states and municipalities where the PAN had a stronger presence, with fewer occurring elsewhere.

scholarly journals Nascent Entrepreneurs, Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy, and the Moderators of Race, Gender, and Government Support

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Cavich ◽  
Ravi Chinta
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
State Level ◽  
Opportunity Recognition ◽  
The State ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Nascent Entrepreneurs ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intent

Abstract In a better attempt to understand nascent entrepreneurship, this paper explores the relationship between opportunity recognition and the entrepreneurial intent of nascent entrepreneurs. Contrary to conventional wisdom, research on this relationship is fragmented and empirically underdeveloped. In addition, the contextual and perceptual boundary conditions of government support, gender, and minorities are explored. We surveyed 1246 nascent entrepreneurs in the state of Florida, which is the largest data set on this topic in Florida. Respondents answered 55 survey questions on potential barriers to entrepreneurship to help understand how their context impacts their intent to start a new business. Our empirical results indicate that opportunity recognition by nascent entrepreneurs significantly affects entrepreneurial intent, the strength of which is moderated by government support and gender, but not by minorities. Our study is a direct response to the call-in existing entrepreneurship literature for new research in geographically narrower contexts as the largest survey-based study at the state level in the US that we know of. We extend and demarcate entrepreneurial self-efficacy into a new context while clarifying boundary conditions. Lastly, our dependent variable measures intensity of intention to start a business along a time dimension which empirically narrows the gap between studies on entrepreneurial intention and studies on entrepreneurial action.

Indicators of Social Sustainability

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-69
Author(s):  
Ramprasad Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Social Welfare ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Social Sustainability ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Tension ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
System P ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Indian State

Chapter 2 focuses on the indicators of social sustainability basing alternatively on absolute or relative deprivation of people’s opportunities of consumption, or on the extent of attainment of human capability, enabling people to access a decent life. It has traced the relationship between deprivation—in both absolute and relative sense—and social tension conceived as social welfare loss according to some social welfare function, which underlies any indicator of development. After reviewing briefly the comparative state of inequality-adjusted level of development across developing countries, the chapter focussed on the analysis of the state of poverty, inequality, and measure of social tension (based on poverty gap or Gini coefficient) for the rural and urban sectors separately using the Indian state-level data to assess the state of social sustainability of the Indian economic system.

A model of foreign direct investment flows at the municipal level in South Africa

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Okeahalam ◽  
Mark Dowdeswell
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Municipal Level

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the relationship between South Africa's foreign direct investment (FDI) and economic fundamentals at the municipal level.Design/methodology/approachThe paper develops a data set and an econometric model to analyze FDI flows at the municipal level in South Africa.FindingsThe empirical results derived from municipal level data support the findings in some of the established literature (which for the most part uses country‐level data) and indicates: that FDI tends to flow to areas with high factor (capital, labour and land) productivity; and that increases in higher labour productivity lead to higher investment.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper has used a cross‐section of municipalities. A further area of research would be to carry out a similar exercise with panel data.Practical implicationsThese findings indicate that FDI flows can be considered at the municipal level and this justifies the need for careful selection of the geographic basis for economic policy and development planning.Originality/valueWhereas most studies on FDI use country‐level data as standard geographic units of analysis, this paper analyzes FDI flows at the municipal level.

Sub-constituencies and Legislative Responsiveness: Evidence from the States

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-487
Author(s):  
Jillian Jaeger
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Legislative Behavior ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Congressional Behavior ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This article tests whether theories of congressional behavior that link legislative responsiveness to the preferences of sub-constituencies at the expense of party preferences apply to the state level. Using ten years of state-level data and roll-call data from nearly 4,000 individual votes on E-Verify legislation, I examine the competing influences of party and constituency preferences on legislative behavior. The results confirm that state legislatures/legislators are responsive to sub-constituencies, but find that responsiveness plays out in different ways depending on the level of analysis and the political party and constituents in question. These results have important implications for our understanding of legislative representation: because responsiveness to sub-constituencies can yield policy results that are antithetical to stated party goals, what appears to be collective irresponsibility from a party may actually be individual legislators striving to be responsive to those constituents that they anticipate will hold them accountable.

LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE POLITICAL SYSTEM OF MODERN RUSSIA

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 23-26
Author(s):  
Мельникова ◽  
Raisa Melnikova
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Political System ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Reforms ◽  
Political Modernization ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Municipal Level

The article discusses issues related to referring of local government to the institutions of civil society and its role and place in modern political system of Russia in the context of the study of the principle of democracy at the municipal level. The author proves that in the context of political modernization, the local government and its reform should be viewed not only as economic and technological transformations in the local municipal areas of the state, but as an actor of political reforms, set up in modern political processes.

Representation in U.S. Legislatures: The Acquisition and Analysis of U.S. State Legislative Roll-Call Data

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Hayes Clark ◽  
Tracy Osborn ◽  
Jonathan Winburn ◽  
Gerald C. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Legislative Behavior ◽  
Roll Call ◽  
Comprehensive Data ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
State Legislative

Roll-call data have become a staple of contemporary scholarship on legislative behavior. Recent methodological innovations in the analysis of roll-call data have produced a number of important theoretical insights, such as understanding the structure of congressional decisionmaking and the role of parties and ideology in Congress. Many of the methodological innovations and theoretical questions sparked by congressional scholarship have been difficult to test at the state level because of the lack of comprehensive data on various forms of state legislative behavior, including roll-call voting. The Representation in America's Legislatures project rectifies that problem through collection of comprehensive state legislative roll-call votes across all 99 state legislative chambers for the 1999–2000 and 2003–04 legislative sessions. In this article, we describe the data available through this project as well as our data acquisition procedures, including Stata and Perl programming and OCR of paper documents, with suggestions about how to use these methods to collect a wide range of state-level data.

scholarly journals UKRAINIAN YOUTH AND CIVIL SOCIETY UNDER CONDITIONS OF MODERN CHALLENGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Svitlana Boiko
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
State Level ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Public Organizations ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Educational Work

The article is devoted to the outline and research of several topical critical questions related to the study of the role of the Ukrainian youth in the development of civil society in terms of the undeclared Russian-Ukrainian war and global crisis caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the influence of the civilization borderland factor on the mentality and behavior of borderland residents. The article focuses on the fact that the concurrently multidirectional influences, such as geopolitical, cultural, religious and others, make the borderland a zone of attraction and rejection, as well as the space for large-scale manipulations. The formation of civil society in the borderland area has its own specifics, yet scantily explored in the academic research. Special attention is paid to the increase of the civil society’s significance in various spheres from the promotion of reforms at the state level to the voluntary assistance provided to the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the “Joint Forces Operation”, internally displaced persons, and other segments of the population. To successfully solve the problem of building the Ukrainian civil society, it is necessary to fundamentally comprehend the youth’s participation in the solution of various problems of modern Ukraine. Thus, it is important that young citizens be ready for active cooperation with the state and public organizations. The research emphasizes one of the popular ways to transform young people into active citizens of Ukraine, which consists in their encouragement to participate in the process of building civil society at all levels of the educational process in the educational establishments of our state, Ukrainian weekend schools abroad; involvement in the work of the Young Scholars’ Council and various public organizations. This all caused the need to search for fundamentally new approaches to preparing youth for an active life in the Ukrainian society. The author of the article has elucidated the work experience of the scholars of the Research Institute of Ukrainian Studies regarding the effective forms and methods of increasing young people’s activity through the prism of academic, cultural, and educational work.

scholarly journals Federal Administration

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-79
Author(s):  
Julia Fleischer
Keyword(s):  
Information Security ◽  
State Level ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Employees ◽  
Administrative System ◽  
Federal Level ◽  
Foreign Service ◽  
Federal Administration ◽  
Municipal Level

AbstractThe federal administration is significantly small (around 10 percent of all public employees). This speciality of the German administrative system is based on the division of responsibilities: the central (federal) level drafts and adopts most of the laws and public programmes, and the state level (together with the municipal level) implements them. The administration of the federal level comprises the ministries, subordinated agencies for special and selected operational tasks (e.g. the authorisation of drugs, information security and registration of refugees) in distinct administrative sectors (e.g. foreign service, armed forces and federal police). The capacity for preparing and monitoring government bills and statutory instruments is well developed. Moreover, the instruments and tools of coordination are exemplary compared with other countries, although the recent digital turn has been adopted less advanced than elsewhere.

scholarly journals Budgetary Impacts of Central Fiscal Transfers in India: Evidence from State Level Data

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasant Kumar Panda
Keyword(s):  
State Level ◽  
Dynamic Panel ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Fiscal Transfers ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Level Data ◽  
State Tax ◽  
Affect States

The paper empirically examines the impacts of federal transfers on State tax efforts and expenditure taking into consideration a panel data set of 22 Indian States for the time-period 1980-81 to 2007-08. Dynamic panel equations are specified and system GMM estimation techniques are adopted to obtain the regression coefficients. The results suggest that federal transfers have adverse incentives on budgetary initiatives of States in mobilizing their own tax resources and regulating expenditure. Federal transfers as a whole adversely affect states Tax-GSDP ratio and per capita own tax revenues. Similarly, federal transfers have important influence on the size and pattern of States spending. All categories of States expenditure like revenue expenditure, capital disbursements and aggregate expenditure are stimulated by the large availability of Central transfers. Expenditure impact of transfers is more realised on revenue expenditure than capital disbursements. The author calls for review of existing design of transfers and criteria, proper assessment of non-plan revenue deficit grants, review of ratio of specific transfers to lump-sum transfers and increasing the scope of formula based transfers to handle adverse budgetary incentives of federal transfers.

scholarly journals The role of the state government, civil society and programmes across sectors in stunting reduction in Chhattisgarh, India, 2006–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. e002274
Author(s):  
Neha Kohli ◽  
Phuong H Nguyen ◽  
Rasmi Avula ◽  
Purnima Menon
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
State Government ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Family Health ◽  
State Level ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
The State ◽  
Regression Decomposition ◽  
Childhood Stunting

IntroductionChildhood stunting has declined in India between 2006 and 2016, but not uniformly across all states. Little is known about what helped some states accelerate progress while others did not. Insights on subnational drivers of progress are useful not just for India but for other decentralised policy contexts. Thus, we aimed to identify the factors that contributed to declines in childhood stunting (from 52.9% to 37.6%) between 2006 and 2016 in the state of Chhattisgarh, a subnational success story in stunting reduction in India.MethodsWe examined time trends in determinants of stunting using descriptive and regression decomposition analysis of National Family Health Survey data from 2005 to 2006 and 2015–2016. We reviewed nutrition-relevant policies and programmes associated with the drivers of change to construct a policy timeline. Finally, we interviewed multiple stakeholders in the state to understand the changes in the drivers of undernutrition.ResultsThe regression decomposition analysis shows that multiple factors explain 66% of the change in stunting between 2006 and 2016. Improvements in three key drivers—health and nutrition services, household assets, and sanitation and hygiene—explained 47% of the change in stunting. A shared vision for impact, political stability and capable bureaucracy, state-level innovations, support from development partners and civil society, and community mobilisation were found to contribute to improvements in programmes for health, poverty and sanitation.ConclusionChange in multiple sectors is important for stunting reduction and can be achieved in subnational contexts. More work lies ahead to close gaps in various determinants of stunting.

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