Labor Supply and the Value of Non-Work Time

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Pallais ◽  
Alexandre Mas
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Work Time

scholarly journals Labor Supply and the Value of Non-Work Time: Experimental Estimates from the Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Mas ◽  
Amanda Pallais
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Positive Individual ◽  
Supply Relationship ◽  
Care Costs

We estimate the marginal value of non-work time (MVT) using a field experiment. We offered job applicants randomized wage-hour bundles. Choices over these bundles yield estimates of the MVT as a function of hours, tracing out a labor supply relationship. The substitution effect is positive. Individual labor supply is highly elastic at low hours and more inelastic at higher hours. For unemployed applicants, our preferred estimate of the average opportunity cost of a full-time job due to lost leisure and household production is 60 percent of after-tax marginal product, and 72 percent when including fixed costs of employment and child-care costs. (JEL C93, J22, J24, J31, J64, J65)

TEMPERATURE INCREASE, LABOR SUPPLY AND COST OF ADAPTATION IN DEVELOPING ECONOMIES: EVIDENCE ON URBAN WORKERS IN INFORMAL SECTORS

2015 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 1550007 ◽  
Author(s):  
SAUDAMINI DAS
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
High Water ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Wave Impact ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Urban Workers

Heat wave impact on labor supply is less researched, though workers in exposed occupations have been seriously impacted in recent years, especially in developing economies. The paper identifies labor reallocation and coping strategies of poor urban workers on a heat wave day compared to a normal summer day by surveying informal sector workers who work in the open. The workers are found to forgo 1.19 h of work time and 0.46 h of family time and use these extra 1.65 h to rest more on heat wave days to adapt to heat stress. They resort to other adaptations like eating appropriate food with high water content, keeping their house cool by repeated wiping of floor using cooling ingredients, covering the roof of their living space with paddy straw, putting thick grass curtains, using fans for longer hours etc. These adaptations including the work time loss costs around INR 195 per heat wave day to a household, which is, on average, 2.7% of their monthly income. The paper approximates the private adaptation costs of informal sector workers to heat waves.

PENGARUH BUDAYA, MOTIVASI KERJA DAN KOMPETENSI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Riza Faizal ◽  
Maman Sulaeman ◽  
Ismayudin Yulizar
Keyword(s):  
Work Motivation ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Work Quality ◽  
Service Excellence ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
External Motivation ◽  
Culture Work

The aim of this research is to know and to analyze the influence of work culture, work motivation and competency on employee's performance. The Objects are employees of  BJB bank at Ciamis, Garut and Tasikmalaya). The method used is descriptive. The sample was taken by using total sampling technique with total of the samples 89 people. By path analysis, the research found that work motivation with indicators internal and external motivation; work culture with indicators of Service excellence, Professionalism, Integrity, Respect, Intelligence, Trust included in the high category. Work motivation with indicators of internal motivation and external motivation is included in the sufficient category. Competencies with indicators of Work Quality, Cooperation, Responsibility and Quantity of work are included in the sufficient category. Employee performance with indicators of Work Quality, Discipline Behavior, Use of work time and Attendance are included in the sufficient category. There is a partial positive effect and simultaneous work culture, work motivation and competence on employee performance so that the hypothesis is verified. This means that if the strategy which includes work culture, work motivation and competence is increased, the performance of bank employees to Tasikmalaya, Garut and Ciamis will be better.

Implications of higher retirement age for the labor market

2017 ◽  
pp. 22-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Ivanova ◽  
A. Balaev ◽  
E. Gurvich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Demand ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Demographic Projections ◽  
The Impact

The paper considers the impact of the increase in retirement age on labor supply and economic growth. Combining own estimates of labor participation and demographic projections by the Rosstat, the authors predict marked fall in the labor force (by 5.6 million persons over 2016-2030). Labor demand is also going down but to a lesser degree. If vigorous measures are not implemented, the labor force shortage will reach 6% of the labor force by the period end, thus restraining economic growth. Even rapid and ambitious increase in the retirement age (by 1 year each year to 65 years for both men and women) can only partially mitigate the adverse consequences of demographic trends.

Aplikasi Metode Hungarian Dalam Optimalisasi Waktu Penugasan Karyawan dan Keuntungan Produksi Home Industry

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Empya Charlie ◽  
Siti Rusdiana ◽  
Rini Oktavia
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Optimal Scheduling ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Hungarian Method ◽  
Total Work Time

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan penjadwalan karyawan di CV. Karya Indah Bordir dalam melakukan tugas-tugas tertentu menggunakan metode Hungaria, serta menganalisis sensitivitas solusi optimal jika ada pengurangan waktu karyawan untuk menyelesaikan tugas-tugas. Metode Hongaria diterapkan pada proses bordir yang melibatkan 11 karyawan dan 10 tugas. Hasil penjadwalan yang optimal meminimalkan waktu produksi bordir perusahaan. Hasil penjadwalan optimal yang ditemukan adalah: karyawan 1 mengerjakan tas Mambo, karyawan 2 mengerjakan tas Elli, karyawan 3 mengerjakan tas Lonjong, karyawan 4 mengerjakan tas Tampang bunga, karyawan 6 mengerjakan tas Ransel, karyawan 7 mengerjakan tas Tima, karyawan 8 mengerjakan tas Keong, karyawan 9 mengerjakan tas Alexa, karyawan 10 mengerjakan tas Luna, dan karyawan 11 mengerjakan tas Mikha, dengan total waktu kerja adalah 13,7 jam. Setelah metode Hongaria diterapkan, CV. Karya Indah Bordir mendapat peningkatan pendapatan sebanyak 9,09%. Analisis sensitivitas dilakukan dengan mengurangi waktu karyawan dalam menyulam tas. Hasil analisis sensitivitas adalah beberapa batasan untuk variabel basis dan non basis untuk mempertahankan solusi optimal.   This research has a purpose to optimize the scheduling of employees in CV. Karya Indah Bordir in doing certain tasks using Hungarian method, as well as analyzing the sensitivity of the optimal solution if there is a reduction on the employees time to finish the tasks. The Hungarian method was applied on the embroidery process involving 11 employees and 10 tasks. The optimal scheduling result minimize the time of the embroidery production of the company. The optimal scheduling result found is: employee 1 does the Mambo bag, employee 2 does the Elli bag, employee 3 does the Lonjong bag, employee 4 does the Tampang bunga bag, employee 6 does the Ransel, employee 7 does the Tima bag, employee 8 does the Keong bag, employee 9 does the Alexa bag, employees 10 does the Luna bag, and employee 11 does the Mikha bag, with the total work time is 13,7 hours. After the Hungarian method was applied, CV. Karya Indah Bordir got the increasing revenue as much as 9,09 %. The sensitivity analysis was conducted by reducing the time of the employees take in embroidery the bags. The results of the sensitivity analysis are some boundaries for basis and non basis variables to maintain the optimal solution. 

Melatonin: Protection of the Intervertebral Disc

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Sergio Rosales-Corral ◽  
Ramaswamy Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Intervertebral Disc ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Intervertebral Discs ◽  
Lumbar Pain ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Protective Actions ◽  
Aging Populations ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Endogenous Melatonin

     Low back pain (lumbar pain) due to injury of or damage to intervertebral discs is common in all societies.  The loss of work time as a result of this problem is massive.  Recent research suggests that melatonin may prevent or counteract intervertebral disc damage. This may be especially relevant in aging populations given that endogenous melatonin, in most individuals, dwindles with increasing age. The publications related to melatonin and its protection of the intervertebral disc are reviewed herein, including definition of some molecular mechanisms that account for melatonin’s protective actions. 

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