scholarly journals Labor Supply and the Value of Non-Work Time: Experimental Estimates from the Field

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Mas ◽  
Amanda Pallais
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Job Applicants ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Fixed Costs ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Positive Individual ◽  
Supply Relationship ◽  
Care Costs

We estimate the marginal value of non-work time (MVT) using a field experiment. We offered job applicants randomized wage-hour bundles. Choices over these bundles yield estimates of the MVT as a function of hours, tracing out a labor supply relationship. The substitution effect is positive. Individual labor supply is highly elastic at low hours and more inelastic at higher hours. For unemployed applicants, our preferred estimate of the average opportunity cost of a full-time job due to lost leisure and household production is 60 percent of after-tax marginal product, and 72 percent when including fixed costs of employment and child-care costs. (JEL C93, J22, J24, J31, J64, J65)

Flexible `Parts' and Rigid `Fulls': The Limited Revolution in Work-Time Patterns

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Dey
Keyword(s):  
Full Time ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Work Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Flexible Parts ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Full Time Employment

The evidence indicates that there has been some erosion of the distinction between part-time and full-time employment over the past decade. However, this is almost entirely attributable to the growth in part-time employment, and despite a continuing rigidity in full-time work patterns. It is argued that part-time employment can only make a limited contribution to labour market flexibility so long as full-time work patterns remain inflexible. This paper questions the assumptions sustaining a rigid bifurcation of work into full-time and part-time hours, and considers the case for a more flexible approach to full-time hours in the context of the debate over worksharing.

Workplace Health: Engaging Business Leaders to Combat Obesity

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (S2) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Lankford ◽  
Jason Lang ◽  
Brian Bowden ◽  
William Baun
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Care Costs ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Workplace Health ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Workplace Wellness Programs ◽  
Care Costs

Worksites are an important setting to promote healthy behaviors as 143 million adults are employed full-time and spend 8-10 hours per day at the workplace. Participation in health promotion programs have been shown to have a “dose response” relationship with health care costs, meaning health care costs decrease as employee involvement in health promotion activities in the workplace increase. Also from the employer perspective, it is important to note that obesity is a risk factor for many other chronic conditions, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer and is known to be related to increase injuries and health care costs. Motivating employees to participate in a number of wellness activities may provide benefits not only for obesity prevention but other desired outcomes such as: risk reduction, risk avoidance, reduced health costs, and improved productivity measures. Employers should be concerned as forecasts suggest that by 2030, 42% of the adult population will be obese. In fact, among employers, the costs of medical expenses and absenteeism increase as employees become more obese. The cost burden of obesity (BMI 30 or greater) ranges from $462-$2,027 among men and $1,372-$2,164 among women in comparison to normal-weight employees. However, halting this trend over the next few decades by maintaining (vs. increasing) current prevalence of obesity could potentially save billions in medical care expenditures related to obesity. Employers can be part of the solution by offering workplace wellness programs and facilitating opportunities for physical activity, access to healthier foods and beverages, and incentives for disease management and prevention to help prevent weight gain among their employees.

scholarly journals Income and Substitution Effects of Estate Taxation

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
James R Hines
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Substitution Effect ◽  
Relative Price ◽  
Substitution Effects ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Estate Tax ◽  
Income Effects ◽  
Estate Taxation ◽  
Estate Taxes

This paper evaluates the effect of estate taxes on labor supply. The analysis decomposes the effect of estate taxation into the substitution effect of relative price changes and the two income effects for which the estate tax is responsible. These two income effects arise from tax burdens on those who leave estates plus tax burdens on those who receive them. Despite the double income burden of the estate tax, existing empirical evidence suggests that the net effect of estate taxation on aggregate labor supply is uncertain.

Labor Supply of Married Women in Part-Time and Full-Time Occupations

ILR Review ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Morgenstern ◽  
William Hamovitch
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Part Time

scholarly journals Evaluating Labor Productivity in Food Retailing

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy A. Park
Keyword(s):  
Primary Objective ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Food Retailing ◽  
Marginal Value ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Food Retailer ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Workforce Composition ◽  
Level Performance

Competition from new store formats including supercenters, warehouse clubs, and mass merchandisers has emerged as a major threat to traditional grocery chains. A primary objective of this paper is to understand how the store-level performance is related to the workforce composition of full-time and part-time employees chosen by the food retailer along with benefits and incentives provided to employees. The elasticity of complementarity for food retailers measures how changes in store size affect use of full-time and part-time employees. Larger store size increases the marginal value of labor, and firm hiring decisions shift to expanded use of part-time employees.

Work Perceptions and Leisure Commitments in Amateur Boatbuilders: The Permeability of Time Spheres

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert Van De Vliert ◽  
Michel Girodo
Keyword(s):  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Implicit Assumption ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Time And Energy ◽  
Work Perceptions

This paper challenges the implicit assumption that work and leisure performances take place within mutually exclusive time frames. Questionnaire data from 122 amateur boatbuilders holding full-time jobs showed that (1) for this population, work and leisure represent psychologically segmented interests. (2) In spite of this, work performances were carried into the time sphere usually allocated for leisure and leisure activities invaded the work place. (3) Both work expansion into leisure time and leisure expansion into work time were positively related to their respective commitments and negatively related to the competing commitment. (4) Nonetheless, the two activity clusters expanded or shrunk independently. These findings are discussed in the context of time and energy conceptualizations.

scholarly journals Why do men extend their employment beyond pensionable age more often than women? a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saana Myllyntausta ◽  
Marianna Virtanen ◽  
Jaana Pentti ◽  
Mika Kivimäki ◽  
Jussi Vahtera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Job Strain ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Work Time ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Time Control ◽  
Part Time ◽  
High Work

AbstractMen extend their employment beyond pensionable age more often than women, but the factors that contribute to this sex difference are unknown. This study aimed to examine sex differences in extending employment and the contribution of sociodemographic, work- and health-related factors to these differences. Participants of this prospective cohort study were 4,263 public sector employees from Finland who reached their individual pensionable date between 2014 and 2019 and responded to a survey on work- and non-work-related issues before that date. Extended employment was defined as continuing working for over six months beyond the individual pensionable date. We used mediation analysis to examine the contribution of explanatory factors to the association between sex and extended employment. Of the participants, 29% extended employment beyond the pensionable date. Men had a 1.29-fold (95% confidence interval 1.11–1.49) higher probability of extending employment compared with women. Men had a higher prevalence of factors that increase the likelihood of extended employment than women (such as spouse working full-time, no part-time retirement, low job strain, high work time control, and lack of pain) and this mediated the association of sex with extended employment by up to 83%. In conclusion, men were more likely to extend their employment beyond pensionable age than women. This difference was largely explained by men being more likely to have a full-time working spouse, low job strain, high work time control, no pain, and not being on part-time retirement.

Labor Supply and the Value of Non-Work Time

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Pallais ◽  
Alexandre Mas
Keyword(s):  
Labor Supply ◽  
Work Time
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