Behavioural and cardiovascular responses of rats to euthanasia using carbon dioxide gas

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Smith ◽  
Stephen B. Harrap
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Apparent Death ◽  
Signs Of Death ◽  
Behavioural Evidence

Our results showed more rapid falls in pulse rate and blood pressure in rats euthanized in a chamber precharged with carbon dioxide (CO2), when compared with rats euthanized more slowly, but death still took over 5 min in the former group. There was no behavioural evidence of pain or distress in either group during euthanasia. Initial ataxia and dyspnoea was punctuated by a lag before death, thus separating euthanasia into three clearly defined phases. All visual signs of death preceded complete vascular collapse by about 1 min in both groups, so we recommend that gas flow be maintained for at least 1 min after apparent death.

Physiological effects of carbon dioxide gas introduced into coronary arteries

1959 ◽  
Vol 196 (6) ◽  
pp. 1308-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton J. Oppenheimer ◽  
Herbert M. Stauffer ◽  
Louis A. Soloff ◽  
Thomas M. Durant
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Normal Configuration ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs

Carbon dioxide gas is well tolerated when introduced directly into coronary arteries of anesthetized dogs. There were no fatalities in either normal or freshly infarcted hearts. Intracoronary carbon dioxide gas produced no persisting changes in the electrocardiogram or in blood pressure when injected slowly. Rapid injections under pressure produced extrasystoles at the time of injection and caused some subsequent changes of short duration in the electrocardiogram. These short duration changes were alterations of S-T segment deviations (which purposely had been produced previously in the control period) toward a more normal configuration. During this same period of time coupled extrasystoles produced in the control period were suppressed.

Cardiovascular and renin responses to desmopressin in humans: role of prostacyclin and beta-adrenergic systems

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (4) ◽  
pp. H1031-H1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hasunuma ◽  
K. Yamada ◽  
Y. Tamura ◽  
S. Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Renin Release ◽  
Beta Adrenoceptor ◽  
V2 Receptor

To investigate the involvement of prostacyclin and the sympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular responses to 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), a selective V2-receptor agonist, in normal subjects, DDAVP (0.4 micrograms/kg) was infused with or without indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, or propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. A decrease in blood pressure and increases in pulse rate and plasma renin activity (PRA) were observed by DDAVP infusion. Indomethacin did not influence the DDAVP-induced changes in blood pressure and pulse rate but suppressed the increases in PRA and urinary 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha excretion after DDAVP infusion. Even with propranolol administration, DDAVP produced a similar decrease in blood pressure with a reduction of the increased pulse rate. The DDAVP-induced increase in PRA was not affected either. Indomethacin or propranolol alone did not affect the basal levels of the parameters. DDAVP stimulated the in vitro renin release from rabbit renal cortical slices. The stimulation was inhibited by indomethacin or d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Ile4]AVP, a selective V2-receptor antagonist. These findings suggest that DDAVP primarily elicits vasodilation, probably through the prostacyclin-independent endothelium-derived relaxation and DDAVP also causes an increase in renin release, which would be partly attributed to the increased synthesis of prostacyclin due to vasculoendothelial V2-like receptor activation but not mainly due to an increase in sympathetic nerve activity.

Heat Transfer Performance of Twisted Heat Exchanger for Carbon Dioxide Gas in a Dispersed Power Plant System Using Marine Biomass Resource

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Shibahara
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Marine Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Marine Biomass

This paper is to propose a basic concept of marine renewable energy power plant system as a dispersed one, which is composed of a marine biomass plantation and a micro gas turbine. In this system, high-efficiency compact heat exchanger becomes necessary for the limit of the marine plant space. The author has already reported about a steady and transient heat transfer process for CO2 flowing over a horizontal plate under wide experimental conditions assuming a plate-type heat exchanger. For the heat transfer enhancement of the heat exchanger, the twisted plates were inserted in the tube and parallel plates. In the experiment, the overall heat transfer coefficients of the heat exchanger for carbon dioxide gas (CO2) are measured to construct a fundamental database for the proposed marine renewable energy system. Moreover, the three-dimensional analysis of the twisted heat exchanger has been conducted using the commercial CFD code, CFD2000. The twisted plate with a thickness of 0.3 mm is inserted in a tube which inner diameter is 7 mm. The gas flow velocities are ranged from 2.5 to 7.18 m/s for the inlet gas temperature of 323K. In the experiment, the overall heat transfer coefficient increases as the gas flow velocity increases. In the numerical simulation, the fluid structure in the tube has been changed caused by the twisted plate. The flow velocity near the twisted plate increases due to the blockage of the flow-pass. The temperature distribution was affected by the helically twisting fluid motion.

Effect of reserpine on cardiovascular response to smoking

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Westfall ◽  
Daniel T. Watts
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Finger Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Maximum Change ◽  
Before And After

It has been shown that blood pressure and pulse rate are increased and skin temperature of the extremities is decreased when normal subjects smoke two-thirds of two cigarettes during a period of about 15 min. This standard smoking test has been performed on university students before and after treatment with reserpine (0.25 mg daily) to determine the effect of reserpine on cardiovascular responses to smoking. Blood pressure, pulse rate, finger and toe temperature changes were recorded before and during the smoking test in untreated students and after administration of reserpine for 14 days. The maximum change from control values in ten untreated students and after 14 days of reserpine, respectively, along with P values for differences were as follows: systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) +17, +8, P < .001; diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) +14, +7, P < .001; pulse rate (beats/ min) +27, +13, P < .001; finger temperature (F) -6.4, -4.0, P < .1; toe temperature (F) -2.7, -4.2. Results show that the characteristic increase in blood pressure and pulse rate and, to a lesser extent, the decrease in finger temperature due to smoking are reduced by pretreatment with reserpine. Submitted on July 10, 1961

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Effects of Listening to Fast Speech and Normal Speech

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Perez Quartey ◽  
Blemano David TA ◽  
Odoi Patience
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Pulse Rate ◽  
Cardiovascular Response ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Normal Speech

Background: Some previous works on the psychological impact of speech on the cardiovascular system have mainly focused on the speaker as the individual in whom clinical outcomes are being measured. There is limited data on the effects of listening to the fast speech on cardiovascular responses. Aim: The aim of the study was to comparatively examine blood pressure and heart rate changes upon listening to normal and fast speeches. Method: A total of 88 (22 females and 66 males) normotensive adults were recruited for the study from a university population. All subjects were made to listen to two different 13-minutes audio recordings of normal speech (news commentary) and fast speech (a radio sports presentation). Blood pressure and pulse rate changes were taken at 4-minutes time intervals during listening to the audio recordings. Based on the enthusiasm and patronage of the sports program, participants were classified as ‘‘Regular’’ listeners and ‘‘Non-regular’’ listeners. Blood pressure and pulse rate changes were calculated as the mean net area under the curve response and differences were analysed with analysis of variance. Results: Systolic, diastolic and pulse rate responses were significantly higher in both the Regular and Non-Regular listener groups during listening to the fast-speech audio presentation as compared to the News Commentary presentation. Conclusion: Although there is limited data, listening to fast speech itself may act as a psychosocial stressor that predisposes to an increased cardiovascular response manifested as higher blood pressure and heart rate.

Advanced Powder Feeding Device for Use in Gas/Solid Plasma Synthesis and Processing Applications

1987 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Giacobbe
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Plasma Synthesis ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas ◽  
Powder Feeder ◽  
Powdered Carbon ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTA series of powder feeders, developed during the course of an experimental study involving the synthesis of carbon monoxide from pure carbon and carbon dioxide, have been described in detail. The most efficient and reliable of these powder feeders was capable of continuously producing uniform mixtures of powdered carbon entrained in carbon dioxide gas. This device was also capable of producing a relatively wide range of solid/ gas mixture ratios (from about 0.8 to 3.2 g/l) at carbon dioxide gas flow rates between 75 and 200 1/min. In addition, it was relatively easy to vary and control solid/gas mixture ratios and gas flow rates using this powder feeder. Similar powder feeders may be useful in other thermal plasma synthesis or processing applications as well as in other applications requiring accurately blended mixtures of gases and powdered solids

Ozone Formation in a Coaxial DC Corona Discharge under Carbon Dioxide Gas Flow

2007 ◽  
Vol 4 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 694-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juraj Országh ◽  
Ján D. Skalný ◽  
Nigel J. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Corona Discharge ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Ozone Formation ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Gas
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