Effect of reserpine on cardiovascular response to smoking

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Westfall ◽  
Daniel T. Watts

It has been shown that blood pressure and pulse rate are increased and skin temperature of the extremities is decreased when normal subjects smoke two-thirds of two cigarettes during a period of about 15 min. This standard smoking test has been performed on university students before and after treatment with reserpine (0.25 mg daily) to determine the effect of reserpine on cardiovascular responses to smoking. Blood pressure, pulse rate, finger and toe temperature changes were recorded before and during the smoking test in untreated students and after administration of reserpine for 14 days. The maximum change from control values in ten untreated students and after 14 days of reserpine, respectively, along with P values for differences were as follows: systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) +17, +8, P < .001; diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg) +14, +7, P < .001; pulse rate (beats/ min) +27, +13, P < .001; finger temperature (F) -6.4, -4.0, P < .1; toe temperature (F) -2.7, -4.2. Results show that the characteristic increase in blood pressure and pulse rate and, to a lesser extent, the decrease in finger temperature due to smoking are reduced by pretreatment with reserpine. Submitted on July 10, 1961

1991 ◽  
Vol 260 (4) ◽  
pp. H1031-H1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hasunuma ◽  
K. Yamada ◽  
Y. Tamura ◽  
S. Yoshida

To investigate the involvement of prostacyclin and the sympathetic nervous system in cardiovascular responses to 1-desamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP), a selective V2-receptor agonist, in normal subjects, DDAVP (0.4 micrograms/kg) was infused with or without indomethacin, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, or propranolol, a beta-adrenoceptor antagonist. A decrease in blood pressure and increases in pulse rate and plasma renin activity (PRA) were observed by DDAVP infusion. Indomethacin did not influence the DDAVP-induced changes in blood pressure and pulse rate but suppressed the increases in PRA and urinary 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha excretion after DDAVP infusion. Even with propranolol administration, DDAVP produced a similar decrease in blood pressure with a reduction of the increased pulse rate. The DDAVP-induced increase in PRA was not affected either. Indomethacin or propranolol alone did not affect the basal levels of the parameters. DDAVP stimulated the in vitro renin release from rabbit renal cortical slices. The stimulation was inhibited by indomethacin or d(CH2)5[D-Ile2,Ile4]AVP, a selective V2-receptor antagonist. These findings suggest that DDAVP primarily elicits vasodilation, probably through the prostacyclin-independent endothelium-derived relaxation and DDAVP also causes an increase in renin release, which would be partly attributed to the increased synthesis of prostacyclin due to vasculoendothelial V2-like receptor activation but not mainly due to an increase in sympathetic nerve activity.


1996 ◽  
Vol 135 (5) ◽  
pp. 598-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Del Rio ◽  
R Menozzi ◽  
G Zizzo ◽  
A Avogaro ◽  
P Marrama ◽  
...  

Del Rio G, Menozzi R, Zizzo G, Avogaro A, Marrama P, Velardo A. Increased cardiovascular response to caffeine in perimenopausal women before and during estrogen therapy. Eur J Endocrinol 1996; 135:598–603. ISSN 0804–4643 Perimenopause and menopause may be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, so we have investigated the cardiovascular and catecholamine response to caffeine in perimenopausal women compared to young cycling premenopausal subjects. Caffeine (250 mg per os) was administered to nine perimenopausal women and nine premenopausal women. The perimenopausal women repeated the test after 4 months of percutaneous estrogen replacement therapy. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, plasma norepinephrine, epinephrine, glucose, insulin and free fatty acids were determined at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min after caffeine administration. No differences were found in the basal values of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, norepinephrine, epinephrine, insulin, glucose and free fatty acids between perimenopausal women, both before and after therapy, and premenopausal women. Caffeine induced a higher increase of systolic (F = 4.9; p < 0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (F = 4.7; p < 0.05) in perimenopausal women before and during estrogen therapy as compared with premenopausal women. Pulse rate increased significantly only in perimenopausal women before therapy (F = 6.5; p < 0.03). These data show that perimenopause either before or during short-term estrogen therapy is associated with enhanced cardiovascular reactivity to caffeine. This phenomenon is not due to increased adrenergic and metabolic responses. Graziano Del Rio, Department of Internal Medicine via del Pozzo, 71 41100 Modena, Italy


Author(s):  
Perez Quartey ◽  
Blemano David TA ◽  
Odoi Patience

Background: Some previous works on the psychological impact of speech on the cardiovascular system have mainly focused on the speaker as the individual in whom clinical outcomes are being measured. There is limited data on the effects of listening to the fast speech on cardiovascular responses. Aim: The aim of the study was to comparatively examine blood pressure and heart rate changes upon listening to normal and fast speeches. Method: A total of 88 (22 females and 66 males) normotensive adults were recruited for the study from a university population. All subjects were made to listen to two different 13-minutes audio recordings of normal speech (news commentary) and fast speech (a radio sports presentation). Blood pressure and pulse rate changes were taken at 4-minutes time intervals during listening to the audio recordings. Based on the enthusiasm and patronage of the sports program, participants were classified as ‘‘Regular’’ listeners and ‘‘Non-regular’’ listeners. Blood pressure and pulse rate changes were calculated as the mean net area under the curve response and differences were analysed with analysis of variance. Results: Systolic, diastolic and pulse rate responses were significantly higher in both the Regular and Non-Regular listener groups during listening to the fast-speech audio presentation as compared to the News Commentary presentation. Conclusion: Although there is limited data, listening to fast speech itself may act as a psychosocial stressor that predisposes to an increased cardiovascular response manifested as higher blood pressure and heart rate.


2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (106) ◽  
pp. 2-10
Author(s):  
Hamid Arazi ◽  
Seyedeh Shiva Dadvand ◽  
Mehnoush Tavakoli Fard

Background. This study aimed to examine serotonin, dopamine and cardiovascular responses to aerobic and resistance exercise in men addicted to methamphetamine during rehabilitation. Methods. Subjects were 10 men addicted to methamphetamine with an average age of 31.2 ± 6.2 years old, height: 173 ± 5.6 cm, weight: 73.66 ± 12.5 kg. In the first session the subjects were acquainted with the environment. The variables measured at the second session were physical and physiological characteristics. In the third and fourth sessions, projects to ensure the effectiveness of the pilot were conducted. In the fifth and sixth sessions which were spaced 7 days apart, aerobic and resistance exercises were carried out. The variables which were measured before and after exercise programs included heart rate, blood pressure and circulatory levels of serotonin and dopamine. Results. The increase in blood serotonin and dopamine levels after both aerobic and resistance exercise were significant (p < .05), but neither of the two aerobic and resistance exercise were superior to each other. In addition, decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure and myocardial oxygen cost at some time intervals after these two exercises were significant ( p < .05), However, there were no significant changes in comparison of exercises (p > .05). Conclusions. Both of these exercises can be used as valuable support factors in treatment of addiction.


Author(s):  
S. Rasveya ◽  
R. Gayatri Devi ◽  
A. Jothi Priya

Introduction: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder which will affect the female’s reproductive health, there are many risk factors found in the PCOS individuals such as irregular menstrual cycle, infertility, obesity, excess hair growth, hyperandrogenemia. The aim of the study is to estimate the blood pressure and pulse rate among PCOS individuals and to compare it with the normal subjects. Materials and Methods: A group of 20 PCOS individuals and 20 normal individuals have been chosen from Saveetha dental college with age of 18-25 years whose blood pressure, pulse rate, waist circumference, BMI, BMR are measured, the blood pressure and pulse rate were measured with a automatic blood pressure monitoring machine and the waist circumference was measured with a inch tape from last rib and the iliac crest at its small parameter. The simple random sampling method is used to minimize the sampling bias. Data was collected and analyzed by an independent sample‘t’ test. Results: When comparing with control healthy individuals, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) of PCOS individuals seem to be higher than the control subjects. The diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is also slightly higher for PCOS individuals. The pulse rate of normal individuals is higher than the PCOS individuals. The diastolic blood pressure had a significant value of about 0.002 which is less than 0.05 so it is significant Conclusion: From this study it is evident that when PCOS is seen in women it not only affects the gynecological sphere it also affects the cardiovascular activity which may even have fatal outcomes. So it is mandatory for the PCOS subjects to have a proper diet, proper sleep, physical activity, and very importantly to have a stress free life.


1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1391-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman D. Vanderark ◽  
Daniel Ely

Physiological responses associated with the ratings of musical stimuli were investigated. For 101 university music and biology students in the experimental group, heart rate, blood pressure, and finger temperature were measured before and after listening to about 10 min. of music (Venus and Jupiter from Holst's The Planets) in an anechoic chamber. They also served as their own controls by sitting in silence for about 10 min. No significant differences were found on the three measures for the two musical stimuli between the musical or control conditions or between the two majors.


2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 380-384
Author(s):  
Márcio Rabelo Mota ◽  
Sandro Nobre Chaves ◽  
Maurílio Tiradentes Dutra ◽  
Ricardo Jacó de Oliveira ◽  
Renata Aparecida Elias Dantas ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pre-prandial exercise promotes greater mobilization of fat metabolism due to the increased release of catecholamines, cortisol, and glucagon. However, this response affects how the cardiovascular system responds to exercise. Objective: To evaluate the response of systolic, diastolic, and mean blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and rate-pressure product (RPP) to pre- and postprandial exercise. Methods: Ten physically active male subjects (25.50 ± 2.22 years) underwent two treadmill protocols (pre- and postprandial) performed for 36 minutes at 65% of VO2max on different days. On both days, subjects attended the laboratory on a 10-hour fasting state. For the postprandial session, volunteers ingested a pre-exercise meal of 349.17 kcal containing 59.3 g of carbohydrates (76.73%), 9.97 g of protein (12.90%), and 8.01 g of lipids (10.37%). Blood pressure, HR and RPP were measured before and after exercise. The 2x2 factorial Anova with the multiple comparisons test of Bonferroni was applied to analyze cardiovascular variables in both moments (pre- vs. postprandial). The significance level was set at p<0.05. Results: Systolic (121.70 ± 7.80 vs. 139.78 ± 12.91 mmHg) and diastolic blood pressure (66.40 ± 9.81 vs. 80.22 ± 8.68 mmHg) increased significantly after exercise only in the postprandial session (p<0.05). HR increased significantly (p<0.05) after both protocols (64.20 ± 15.87 vs. 141.20 ± 10.33 bpm pre-prandial and 63.60 ± 8.82 vs. 139.20 ± 10.82 bpm postprandial). RPP had a similar result (8052.10 ± 1790.68 vs. 18382.60 ± 2341.66 mmHg.bpm in the pre-prandial session and 7772.60 ± 1413.76 vs. 19564.60 ± 3128.99 mmHg.bpm in the postprandial session). Conclusion: These data suggest that fasted exercise does not significantly alter the blood pressure. Furthermore, the meal provided before the postprandial exercise may promote a greater blood pressure responsiveness during exercise.


Author(s):  
Riska Putri Meiyana ◽  
Cornelia Dede Yoshima Nekada ◽  
Adi Sucipto

Abstrak Terapi komplementer merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah kesehatan. Hidroterapi dan relaksasi Benson merupakan terapi komplementer yang efektif terhadap tekanan darah dan nadi, namun masih jarang masyarakat yang memanfaatkannya. Diketahui ada pengaruh kombinasi hidroterapi dan relaksasi Benson (disebut hidroson) terhadap tekanan darah dan nadi. Metode penelitian pra-eksperimen, pre- and post- design dengan teknik purposive sampel pada 32 responden usia 26-65 tahun. Penelitian dilakukan dari tanggal 1-18 Maret 2019 di RT 19 dan 20, Sungapan V Desa Wahyuharjo, Kecamatan Lendah, Kabupaten Kulon Progo dengan tiap responden diberikan intervensi selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah sphygmomanometer digital untuk mengukur tekanan darah dan nadi 5 menit sebelum dan sesudah pemberian terapi. Tekanan darah dianalisis dengan wilcoxon test dan paired t-test untuk nadi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tekanan darah sistolik sebelum terapi sebesar 118,25 mmHg dan setelah terapi sebesar 111,00 mmHg, sehingga disimpulkan terjadi penurunan sebesar 7,25 mmHg dengan ρ Value 0,0001. Tekanan darah diastolik sebelum terapi sebesar 81,25 mmHg dan setelah terapi sebesar 78,75 mmHg, sehingga disimpulkan terjadi penurunan sebesar 2,50 mmHg dengan ρ value 0,002. Nadi sebelum terapi sebesar 82,30 x/menit dan setelah terapi sebesar 80,64 x/menit, sehingga disimpulkan terjadi penurunan sebesar 1,66 x/menit dengan ρ value 0,003. Ada pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pemberian kombinasi hidroterapi dan relaksasi Benson (hidroson) terhadap penurunan tekanan darah dan nadi di RT 19 dan 20, Sungapan V. Kata kunci: hidroterapi, Relaksasi Benson, tekanan darah, nadi Abstract Complementary therapy is one alternative to solving health problems. Hydrotherapy and Benson's relaxation are effective complementary therapies for blood pressure and pulse, but still few patients utilize it. There is a known effect of hydrotherapy and Benson relaxation combination (called hydrosol) on blood pressure and pulse. The study method was pre-experimental with pre and post design with a purposive sampling technique on 32 respondents aged 26-65 years. The study was conducted from 1-18 March 2019 in neighborhood 19 and 20, Sungapan V, Wahyuharjo Village, Lendah District, Kulon Progo. Regency Each respondent was given intervention with hydrosol therapy for 3 consecutive days. The instrument used was a digital sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure and pulse 5 minutes before and after the administration of therapy. Blood pressure was analyzed by the Wilcoxon test while pulsing by paired t-test. The analysis showed that systolic blood pressure before therapy was 118.25 mmHg and after therapy became 111,00 mmHg, so there was a decrease of 7,25 mmHg with a p-value of 0,0001. The diastolic blood pressure before treatment was 81,25 mmHg and after therapy became 78,75 mmHg, so there was a decrease of 2,50 mmHg with a p-value of 0,002 mm. The pulse before therapy was 82,30 x / min and after therapy became 80,64 x / min, so there was a decrease of 1,66 x / min with ρ-value 0,003. There is a significant effect of giving a combination of hydrotherapy and Benson relaxation (hydrosol) on reducing blood pressure and pulse among 32 subjects in neighborhood 19 and 20, Sungapan V. Keywords: hydrotherapy, Benson Relaxation, blood pressure, pulse


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siobhán M Griffin ◽  
Siobhán Howard

Instructed use of reappraisal to regulate stress in the laboratory is typically associated with a more adaptive cardiovascular response to stress, indexed by either: (i) lower cardiovascular reactivity (CVR; e.g., lower blood pressure); or (ii) a challenge-oriented response profile (i.e., greater cardiac output paired with lower total peripheral resistance). In contrast, instructed use of suppression is associated with exaggerated CVR (e.g., greater heart rate, blood pressure). Despite this, few studies have examined if the habitual use of these strategies are related to cardiovascular responding during stress. The current study examined the relationship between cardiovascular responses to acute stress and individual differences in emotion regulation style: trait reappraisal, suppression, and emotion regulation difficulties. Forty-eight participants (25 women, 23 men) completed a standardised laboratory stress paradigm incorporating a 20-minute acclimatization period, a 10-minute baseline, and two 5-minute speech tasks separated by a 10-minute inter-task rest period. The emotional valence of the speech task was examined as a potential moderating factor; participants spoke about a block of negative-emotion words and a block of neutral-emotion words. Cardiovascular parameters were measured using the Finometer Pro. Greater habitual use of suppression was associated with exaggerated blood pressure responding to both tasks. However, only in response to the negative-emotion task was greater use of reappraisal associated with a challenge-oriented cardiovascular response. The findings suggest that individual differences in emotion regulation translate to differing patterns of CVR to stress, but the emotional valence of the stressor may play a role.


1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 1358-1362
Author(s):  
Wendy Rheault ◽  
Martha Derleth ◽  
Mary Casey ◽  
Charity Czarnik ◽  
Donna Kania ◽  
...  

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