scholarly journals Influence of oral buprenorphine, oral naltrexone or morphine on the effects of laparotomy in the rat

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Liles ◽  
P. A. Flecknell ◽  
J. Roughan ◽  
I. Cruz-Madorran
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Endogenous Opioids ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Oral Naltrexone ◽  
Food And Water Intake

The effects of oral administration of buprenorphine ('buprenorphine jello'), a partial μ opioid agonist, oral naltrexone, a μ antagonist and morphine, a μ agonist, were investigated in rats following laparotomy. Food and water consumption and body weight were reduced in rats that underwent surgery. Rats undergoing anaesthesia alone showed only a small reduction in water consumption. Administration of oral buprenorphine (0.5 mg/kg in flavoured gelatin) decreased the effects of surgery on body weight and water intake when compared to untreated (vehicle alone) controls. The magnitude of this beneficial effect was similar to that seen in previous studies using subcutaneous administration of buprenorphine. The fall in body weight and food and water intake following surgery was similar in the groups which received morphine and the control group which received vehicle (jelly). Neither the magnitude of the fall in body weight, and food and water intake, nor the behavioural scores differed between naltrexone and control (vehicle alone) rats following surgery. This suggests that the beneficial effects of partial agonist analgesics are mediated by a reduction in pain rather than by antagonism of endogenous opioids. Both anaesthesia and surgery caused changes in behaviour, but the major effects of buprenorphine in normal (unoperated) rats severely limited the value of behavioural parameters as a means of assessing possible beneficial effects of analgesic administration.

scholarly journals The ameliorating effect of uncooked beans diet in CD-1 mice

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Aduema Nil Wadioni ◽  
Abgai Johnson Awka ◽  
Wariso Akunah Chris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Formalin Test ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pain Sensation ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Body Weight Changes ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Food And Water Intake

This study was therefore, designed to investigate the ameliorating effect of uncooked beans on pain sensation using three groups of Swiss white mice (control and test) weighing 20g-30g (n=10 each).The control group received normal rodent chow, while the test group received 15g of uncooked beans in 15g of rodent chow per day and serotonin precursor (5HTP) (0.2mg/15g w/w) diet. Water was given adlibitum while daily food and water intake, as well as body weight changes, were monitored during the 30-day study. The formalin tests were used to assess pain sensation. The results showed that in the formalin test, the frequencies and durations of paw licks and paw attention in both phases of the test was significantly lower (P< 0.05) compared to the control group. Therefore, consumption of uncooked Nigeran beans diet decreases pain sensation in mice.     

scholarly journals Impact of flaxseed intake upon metabolic syndrome indicators in female Wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Hipólito Cardozo Brant ◽  
Ludmila Ferreira Medeiros de França Cardozo ◽  
Luís Guillermo Coca Velarde ◽  
Gilson Teles Boaventura
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Glucose Profiles

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether the prolonged consumption of flaxseed minimize the factors that trigger MS in healthy rats. METHODS: Pregnant rats were divided immediately after delivery into two groups during the lactation period, a control group (CG) receiving casein-based diet with 17% of protein, and a Flaxseed group (FG) with casein-based diet plus 25% of flaxseed. At weaning, 12 offspring of each group continued to receive the same feed but with 10% of protein up to 200 days old. RESULTS: FG showed a significant reduction in body weight (p=0.001), total cholesterol levels (p<0.0001), triglycerides (p=0.0001), and glucose (p=0.001). CONCLUSION: The flaxseed alters the indicators related to development of metabolic syndrome, because it has beneficial effects on lipids and glucose profiles and prevents the excess of body weight gain.

scholarly journals AMELIORATION OF GENTAMICIN-INDUCED RENAL DAMAGE IN RATS BY ETHANOL EXTRACT OF THE WHOLE PLANT BIOPHYTUM SENSITIVUM (LINN.) DC

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Abhirama B. R. ◽  
Shanmuga Sundaram R ◽  
Raju A
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Group Ii

Objective: Present study was undertaken to investigate the nephroprotective activity of whole plant ethanol extract of Biophytum sensitivum Linn. DC (B. sensitivum; EEBS) on gentamicin induced-nephrotoxicity in Wistar albino rats.Methods: Animals were divided into five groups, containing six animals in each. Gentamicin (GM) 100 mg/kg/d; i. p., was given to all groups except normal control to induce nephrotoxicity for a period of 8 d in rats. Animals in Group I served as control and Group II as GM-treated or nephrotoxic control. Group III received standard quercetin (50 mg/kg; p. o.); group IV received EEBS (250 mg/kg; p. o.) and group V received EEBS (500 mg/kg; p. o.), for 8 d. Several renal functional tests and injury markers such as a change in body weight, water intake, urine volume and pH, urinary levels of total protein, albumin, sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium were measured. Different hematological parameters including, red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), white blood corpuscles (WBC), lymphocyte, monocyte, polymorphs and eosinophil were also analyzed.Results: The results revealed that co-administration of EEBS at 250 and 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the urinary excretion of total protein (4.05±0.04, 3.53±0.05 g/dl), albumin (0.81±0.08, 0.71±0.00 g/dl), calcium (8.05±0.05, 7.81±0.06 mg/dl) and magnesium (0.79±0.05, 0.77±0.06 mg/dl) respectively. EEBS treatment in group IV and V animals produced a significant increase in body weight (2.58±0.17, 2.52±0.22 g), water intake (17.35±0.82, 17.87±0.86 ml/24 h) urine output (7.24±0.15, 7.88±0.08 ml/24 h), compared to animals in group II. Co-therapy with both doses of extracts also showed significant increase in RBC (6.85±0.31, 7.10±0.43 million/mm3) Hb (13.96±0.21, 13.83±0.31 g/dl), MCH (20.45±0.49, 20.67±0.51 pg) and PCV (38.29±0.42, 38.53±0.20%) levels, whereas WBC (8.24±0.21, 8.15±0.10 1X103/mm3) and polymorphs (14.19±0.20, 14.05±0.11%) levels were found to be significantly reduced respectively in animals than those in toxic control group.Conclusion: This study substantiated and confirmed the ethnomedical usefulness of B. sensitivum as a nephroprotective and antioxidant agent.

Effect of ovariectomy and treatment with ovarian steroids on vasopressin release and fluid balance in the rat

1990 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Peysner ◽  
M. L. Forsling
Keyword(s):  
Water Intake ◽  
Fluid Balance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oestrogen Treatment ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Progesterone Treatment ◽  
Food And Water Intake

ABSTRACT Plasma vasopressin concentrations have previously been shown to vary during the oestrous cycle of the rat, being highest on the morning of pro-oestrus and lowest on dioestrus day 1. To determine the effect of gonadal steroids on vasopressin secretion and fluid balance, mature rats were ovariectomized and given oestrogen, progesterone or vehicle alone s.c. for periods of up to 16 days. Plasma vasopressin concentrations fell after ovariectomy and this was reflected in an increase in 24-h urine volume. The normal increase in plasma vasopressin concentrations seen over daylight hours was also suppressed. The change in vasopressin concentrations observed on steroid treatment depended upon both the dose and the duration. High doses of oestrogen were associated with a fall in plasma vasopressin, probably as a result of fluid retention. Thus, of an initial group of rats given silicone elastomer implants containing 50, 500 or 1000 μg oestradiol in oil, plasma vasopressin concentrations were reduced after 7 days treatment with 1000 μg oestradiol implants in association with reduced plasma sodium concentrations. Daily s.c. injections of 100 μg oestradiol benzoate/100 g body weight produced an immediate small increase in plasma vasopressin concentrations, but by 14 days the plasma concentrations of 0·7 ± 0·16 pmol/l (mean ± s.e.m.) had fallen significantly and were less than those in the vehicle-treated group (1·2± 0·26 pmol/l). However, after treatment for 14 days with implants containing only 50 μg oestradiol, plasma vasopressin concentations were higher compared with the group receiving vehicle alone, despite the fact that the plasma osmolality was lower in the latter group, suggesting a long term resetting of the osmoreceptors. Progesterone treatment with two implants containing 17·5 mg progesterone in oil was associated with an initial suppression of plasma vasopressin concentrations, but 16 days after the implant the plasma concentrations were higher than in the control group. Neither oestrogen nor progesterone restored the vasopressin concentrations to those seen in the intact animal. Oestrogen treatment resulted in a reduction in food and water intake, whereas progesterone treatment produced an initial increase in food and water intake, and a fall in plasma osmolality which could account for the reduced plasma vasopressin. This was followed by an increase in urine flow over days 6 to 15. Thus ovariectomy had a marked effect on circulating vasopressin concentrations, probably as a result of complex changes since administration of either oestrogen or progesterone in doses giving normal circulating concentrations had little effect. Journal of Endocrinology (1990) 124, 277–284

The central nervous control of food and water intake

1951 ◽  
Vol 138 (893) ◽  
pp. 528-544 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Insipidus ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Nervous Control ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
Apparent Correlation ◽  
Food And Water Intake

It has been suggested that food and water consumption in the rat may be co-ordinated by the hypothalamus, as closely contiguous hypothalamic centres control these functions (Strominger 1947). This possibility has been investigated by a study of the effect of damaging each of the centres in turn. Lesions of the tuberal nuclei caused obesity, and in such animals the effect of reduction of water intake on food consumption was increased. Similarly, in diabetes insipidus caused by lesions in the supra-optic region, the effect of diet on water exchange was exaggerated. Variation of the chemical composition of the diet showed that the rat could maintain a constant calorie intake while varying its water consumption widely. Adolph (1947) showed that when food and water were given to the rat together as milk, the intake was governed by calorie content alone, even though this involved drinking an excess of fluid. In rats with diabetes insipidus, it has been shown that calorie content was still the determinant of the amount of milk drunk, although in severe cases the associated fluid was inadequate to prevent dehydration. If the lesion causing diabetes insipidus was extended so as to damage in addition the tuberal centre controlling food intake, limitation of milk intake did not occur, and dehydration was prevented. These experiments provide additional evidence of the activity of a hypothalamic satiety centre. It is suggested that the hypothalamic control of food and water acceptance depends on different, though normally related, features of the diet, food acceptance on the calorie content and water acceptance ultimately on the demands imposed by the renal excretion of the products of metabolism. The apparent correlation of food and water intake in the rat does not imply central co-ordination.

The influence of long-term melatonin administration on basic physiological and metabolic variables of young Wistar:Han rats

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kassayová ◽  
Martina Marková ◽  
Bianka Bojková ◽  
Eva Adámeková ◽  
Peter Kubatka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Food And Water Intake

AbstractThe question of effects of long-term melatonin (MEL) administration have not yet been explained sufficiently, especially its metabolic consequences in young persons and animals. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of MEL given during prolonged time (for 3 months) and chronically (for 6 months) at the dose of 4 µg/mL of tap water, on the selected metabolic and hormonal parameters in young female and male Wistar:Han (WH) rats. The weights of selected organs, tissues, body weight gains and food and water intake were registered. Six weeks aged rats were adapted to standard housing conditions and light regimen L:D=12:12 h, fed standard laboratory diet and drank tap water (controls) or MEL solution ad libitum; finally they were sacrificed after overnight fasting. Prolonged MEL administration decreased serum glucose concentration and increased triacylglycerol and malondialdehyde concentration/content in the liver in females. In males MEL increased concentrations of serum phospholipids, corticosterone and liver malondialdehyde. MEL treatment reduced the body weight in both sexes and weight of epididymal fat in males, without any alterations of food and water intake. Chronic MEL administration reduced serum glucose concentration and increased concentration/content of glycogen, triacylglycerol and cholesterol in the liver and glycogen concentration/content in heart muscle in males. In females, the significant rise of serum corticosterone concentration and liver malondialdehyde content was recorded. MEL significantly increased liver weight and decreased thymus weight in males. MEL administration increased temporarily water intake in males, body and epididymal fat weights were similar to that in controls. Body weight of MEL drinking females was reduced in the 1st half of experiment only; the food and water intake did not differ from control group. The response in WH rats on MEL was more prominent as in the Sprague-Dawley strain (our previous studies). Male rats were generally more affected, probably due to higher daily and total consumption of melatonin.

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