Influence of bilirubin photoisomers on unbound bilirubin measurement in clinical settings

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Okada ◽  
Takashi Kusaka ◽  
Kaori Koyano ◽  
Kosuke Koyano ◽  
Jun Kunikata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Unbound Bilirubin ◽  
Ceiling Light

Background Measured unbound bilirubin concentration is influenced by bilirubin photoisomers. Bilirubin photoisomers are produced even with only a slight light exposure, and clinical samples are inevitably exposed to light. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of bilirubin photoisomers on the measurement of unbound bilirubin using serum of jaundiced neonates during blue light phototherapy. Methods Five neonates treated with phototherapy for hyperbilirubinaemia were enrolled. The samples were taken 12 h after initiation of phototherapy. Samples were processed by irradiation with blue light, by indoor ceiling light, by both blue light and indoor ceiling light or shaded. Bilirubin subfractions, total bilirubin and unbound bilirubin were measured. Results Compared with the non-irradiated samples, the (EZ)-cyclobilirubin concentration and (ZE)-bilirubin/(ZZ)-bilirubin ratio significantly increased in the blue light-irradiated samples, the (ZE)-bilirubin/(ZZ)-bilirubin ratio significantly increased in the indoor ceiling light-irradiated samples, and the (EZ)-cyclobilirubin, (EZ)-bilirubin and (ZE)-bilirubin/(ZZ)-bilirubin ratio significantly increased in the samples irradiated with both lights. No change was noted in unbound bilirubin in any group. Conclusions We consider that changes in bilirubin photoisomers induced by light exposure during clinical practice do not influence the measured unbound bilirubin concentration.

Mechanized determination of the apparent unbound unconjugated bilirubin concentration in serum.

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1444-1447 ◽  
Author(s):  
R P Wennberg ◽  
L F Rasmussen ◽  
C E Ahlfors ◽  
T Valaes
Keyword(s):  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Coefficients Of Variation ◽  
Control Serum ◽  
Total Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Unbound Bilirubin

Abstract The peroxidase method for determining the apparent unbound bilirubin concentration in serum has been automated by use of a programmable, computer-directed spectrophotometer. This mechanized assay determines the total bilirubin concentration and apparent unbound bilirubin concentration in serum samples and titrates the serum with bilirubin to estimate the effect of increasing total bilirubin concentrations on the apparent unbound bilirubin concentration. The entire analysis requires 0.1 mL of serum and 4 min operation time, as compared with about 30 min for the manual method. The coefficients of variation for determination of the apparent unbound bilirubin concentration in bilirubin-enriched commercial control serum were 2.8% within-day and 5.6% between-day. Bilirubin--albumin binding in serum samples from infants with severe hyperbilirubinemia was analyzed by the manual peroxidase method, the automated peroxidase method, and Sephadex gel filtration. Good correlation was found among all three methods.

Influence of Glucuronosyl Bilirubin and (EZ)-Cyclobilirubin on Determination of Serum Unbound Bilirubin by UB-Analyser

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 583-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susumu Itoh ◽  
Kou Kawada ◽  
Takashi Kusaka ◽  
Saneyuki Yasuda ◽  
Hitoshi Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Enzyme Reaction ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Unbound Bilirubin ◽  
High Concentrations

Background In the enzyme reaction for the determination of the unbound (free) bilirubin concentration by glucose oxidase and peroxidase, materials with low affinity for serum protein are reactive. The influence of these materials on the determination of serum unbound bilirubin was investigated. Methods Serum samples from patients with neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography for total glucuronosyl bilirubin concentration (TGC) and (E2)-cyclobilirubin concentration [(EZ)-C]. Based on these measurements, the samples were classified into three groups: group I [13 samples, TGC < 2 μmol/L and (EZ)-C < 2·5 μmol/L]; group II [four samples, TGC < 2 μmol/L and (EZ)-C ≥ 2·5 μmol/L]; and group III (five samples, TGC ≥ 2 μmol/L). The concentrations of total bilirubin and unbound bilirubin were measured in these same samples with a UB-analyser. When the absorbance at 460 nm was monitored, the decrease in absorbance was non-linear (concave curve). The degree of concavity was estimated (D15 value) as the deviation from linearity at 15 s. Results The D15 value was significantly higher in groups II and III than in group I. D15 value correlated significantly with TGC, (EZ)-C and unbound bilirubin concentration, and the unbound bilirubin concentration correlated significantly with TGC and (EZ)-C. Conclusion These results indicated that determination of serum unbound bilirubin concentration using the UB-analyser could be positively skewed by high concentrations of TGC and (EZ)-C.

New Recommendations Not Very Different from Current Practice

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
CHARLES E. AHLFORS
Keyword(s):  
Good Predictor ◽  
Current Practice ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Term Newborn ◽  
Total Bilirubin Concentration ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Bilirubin Toxicity

To the Editor.— After reading the article by Newman and Maisels1 regarding evaluation and treatment of the jaundiced term newborn, I fail to see why their recommendations are substantially different from current practice. They merely point out what everyone has known (and not known) for a long time: 1. The magnitude of blood bilirubin concentration is not a particularly good predictor of bilirubin toxicity except in specific clinical settings such as hemolysis; ie, the total bilirubin concentration is neither a sensitive or specific indicator of the likelihood of bilirubin toxicity in the well, term jaundiced newborn.

Nighttime Blue Light Exposure and Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
David Jaynes ◽  
Paul Switzer
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Shift Work ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Night Shift ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Night Shift Work

The purpose of this article is to provide background information and the current understanding of a less familiar cause of female breast cancer; exposure to ultraviolet light at night. Breast cancer is a common disease that causes significant morbidity and mortality in women. There are several risk factors for breast cancer, most of which are genetic and environmental in nature. An often-overlooked risk factor is exposure to blue light during night shift work, which decreases melatonin production. One of the many cancer-preventing properties of melatonin is to limit estrogen production. Increased lifetime exposure to estrogen is a well-known cause of breast cancer. Awareness of nighttime blue light exposure as a breast cancer risk factor by women doing night shift work and those exposed to nighttime light via smartphones and laptops, is essential information to know so that protective measures can be taken.

Current uses of intracranial vessel wall imaging for clinical practice: a high-resolution MR technique recently available

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 642-650
Author(s):  
Felipe Torres PACHECO ◽  
Luiz Celso Hygino da CRUZ JUNIOR ◽  
Igor Gomes PADILHA ◽  
Renato Hoffmann NUNES ◽  
Antônio Carlos Martins MAIA JUNIOR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Vessel Wall Imaging ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Direct Evaluation ◽  
Intracranial Vessel ◽  
Indirect Evaluation ◽  
Wall Imaging

ABSTRACT Intracranial vessel wall imaging plays an increasing role in diagnosing intracranial vascular diseases. With the growing demand and subsequent increased use of this technique in clinical practice, radiologists and neurologists should be aware of the choices in imaging parameters and how they affect image quality, clinical indications, methods of assessment, and limitations in the interpretation of these images. Due to the improvement of the MRI techniques, the possibility of accurate and direct evaluation of the abnormalities in the arterial vascular wall (vessel wall imaging) has evolved, adding substantial data to diagnosis when compared to the indirect evaluation based on conventional flow analyses. Herein, the authors proposed a comprehensive approach of this technique reinforcing appropriated clinical settings to better use intracranial vessel wall imaging.

Theory-Practice Gap: The Experiences of Nigerian Nursing Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titilayo Dorothy Odetola ◽  
Olusola Oluwasola ◽  
Christoph Pimmer ◽  
Oluwafemi Dipeolu ◽  
Samson Oluwayemi Akande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Theory Practice Gap

The “disconnect” between the body of knowledge acquired in classroom settings and the application of this knowledge in clinical practice is one of the main reasons for professional fear, anxiety and feelings of incompetence among freshly graduated nurses. While the phenomenon of the theory-to-practice gap has been researched quite extensively in high-income country settings much less is known about nursing students’ experiences in a developing country context. To rectify this shortcoming, the qualitative study investigated the experiences of nursing students in their attempt to apply what they learn in classrooms in clinical learning contexts in seven sites in Nigeria. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data gained from eight focus group discussions (n = 80) with the students. The findings reveal a multifaceted theory-practice gap which plays out along four tensions: (1) procedural, i.e. the difference between practices from education institutions and the ones enacted in clinical wards – and contradictions that emerge even within one clinical setting; (2) political, i.e. conflicts that arise between students and clinical staff, especially personnel with a lower qualification profile than the degree that students pursue; (3) material, i.e. the disconnect between contemporary instruments and equipment available in schools and the lack thereof in clinical settings; and (4) temporal, i.e. restricted opportunities for supervised practice owing to time constraints in clinical settings in which education tends to be undervalued. Many of these aspects are linked to and aggravated by infrastructural limitations, which are typical for the setting of a developing country. Nursing students need to be prepared regarding how to deal with the identified procedural, political, material and temporal tensions before and while being immersed in clinical practice, and, in so doing, they need to be supported by educationally better qualified clinical staff.

scholarly journals Links between Inflammation and Postoperative Cancer Recurrence

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Tomonari Kinoshita ◽  
Taichiro Goto
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
The Status

Despite complete resection, cancer recurrence frequently occurs in clinical practice. This indicates that cancer cells had already metastasized from their organ of origin at the time of resection or had circulated throughout the body via the lymphatic and vascular systems. To obtain this potential for metastasis, cancer cells must undergo essential and intrinsic processes that are supported by the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated inflammation may be engaged in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Despite numerous reports detailing the interplays between cancer and its microenvironment via the inflammatory network, the status of cancer-associated inflammation remains difficult to recognize in clinical settings. In the current paper, we reviewed clinical reports on the relevance between inflammation and cancer recurrence after surgical resection, focusing on inflammatory indicators and cancer recurrence predictors according to cancer type and clinical indicators.

Effects of pre-bedtime blue-light exposure on ratio of deep sleep in healthy young men

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masao Ishizawa ◽  
Takuya Uchiumi ◽  
Miki Takahata ◽  
Michiyasu Yamaki ◽  
Toshiaki Sato
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Young Men ◽  
Deep Sleep

Blue light-induced retinal damage: a brief review and a proposal for examining the hypothetical causal link between person digital device use and retinal injury

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-134
Author(s):  
Michael R. Kozlowski
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Retinal Injury ◽  
Device Use ◽  
Harmful Effects

Background: There is growing concern that the increased use of personal digital devices, which emit a high proportion of their light in the blue wavelengths, may have harmful effects on the retina. Extensive historical as well as current research demonstrates that exposure to high energy visible light (blue light) can damage the retina under certain circumstances. There are, however, no studies that directly address whether blue light at the intensities emitted by digital devices can potentially cause such harm. The present review aimed to examine whether blue light exposure from computers, tablets, and cell phones can, when used habitually over a prolonged period of time, be harmful to the retinal. Methods: A search of the literature on blue light-induced retinal damage was performed using a number of scientific search engines, including BioOne Complete™, Google Scholar™, Paperity™, PubMed™, and ScienceOpen™. Studies most significant for addressing the question of possible harmful effects of blue light emitted by personal digital devices were selected from this search and reviewed. Results: The data from the selected studies were summarized and their limitations in addressing the question of whether the blue light from personal digital devices is capable of producing retinal damage were addressed. Based on these limitations, a practical experimental protocol for collecting the additional data needed was proposed. Data from pilot experiments are presented that indicate the practicality of this approach. Conclusions: The currently available data on the effects of blue light on the retina are not sufficient to refute the hypothesis that the use of personal digital devices could, over a lifetime, produce retinal damage. Additional studies, such as those proposed in this article, are needed to resolve this issue.

Interrelation between Qai’lullah, Blue Light Exposure and Neurocognitive Performances: A Short Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Farhana Fadzil ◽  
◽  
Siti Amira Othman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Memory Consolidation ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Short Review ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Night Sleep ◽  
Visual Contrast ◽  
The World

Qai’lullah or napping is a phenomenon that is widely practiced in the world. Islam advocates mid-day napping as it is primarily practiced by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh). Scientists and scholars also acknowledge the benefits beyond this practice after various research and studies done. Hence, this article emphasizes topic of sleep in Islamic insight, their stages of sleeps according to Quran and the practiced of Qai’lullah or mid-day napping. The high-energy blue light exposure from the natural source, Sun and also digital screens reported reduce visual contrast and affect the sharpness and clarity by creating glares lead to mental and physical fatigue. Thus, a short nap in the mid-afternoon helps to boost memory, lift our mood, and improve job performance. The effect associated with qai’lullah are also being reviewed including improved the neurocognitive performance, alertness, recover the loss night sleep and enhanced the quality and increased memory consolidation in people.

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