Rate of occupational leg swelling is greater in the morning than in the afternoon

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Q Belczak ◽  
J M P de Godoy ◽  
R N Ramos ◽  
M A de Oliveira ◽  
S Q Belczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Compression Stockings ◽  
Shift Workers ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Working Day ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

The aim of this study was to investigate the rate of occupational leg swelling depending on the time period of the working day. Volumetric variations of the legs of 70 hospital employees, enrolled in three groups, were evaluated. Group I: 35 morning shift workers; Group II: 35 afternoon shift workers; and Group III: 15 individuals randomly selected from Groups I and II, who were evaluated on the day they worked 12 hours consecutively. Volumetry was performed before and after each shift for both legs of the participants in Groups I and II. For Group III volumetry was performed early in the morning, at noon and in the evening. For statistical analysis, the Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used with an alpha error of 5% being considered acceptable ( P value < 0.05). Significant increases in volume were recorded for the limbs in all three groups ( P value < 0.001). On comparing Groups I and II, the accumulation of fluids was significantly higher in the morning than in the afternoon ( P value < 0.003). Asymptomatic workers may present with oedema of the legs during their work with the rate of oedema being different for morning and afternoon shifts. The possibility of wearing compression stockings should be considered for this type of work.

Comparison between three protocols of corneal collagen crosslinking in adults with progressive keratoconus: Standard versus accelerated CXL for keratoconus

2020 ◽  
pp. 112067212097263
Author(s):  
Boris Beloshevski ◽  
Sagi Shashar ◽  
Michael Mimouni ◽  
Victor Novack ◽  
Boris E Malyugin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Group Comparison ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Corneal Collagen Crosslinking ◽  
Larger Sample ◽  
Corneal Collagen ◽  
Anterior Corneal Astigmatism

Objective: The study aimed to compare eye outcomes between the standard and accelerated corneal cross-linking (CXL) protocols over a 1-year follow-up, and assess whether the accelerated protocols are non-inferior to the standard. Methods: A retrospective cohort study including patients older than 18 years diagnosed with progressive keratoconus who underwent a CXL procedure. The primary outcome was defined as an increase of more than 1.5 diopter (D) in Kmax. The analysis included intra- and inter-group comparisons assessing differences in eye characteristics before and 12 months after the procedure. Furthermore, we assessed whether the accelerated procedures were non-inferior to the standard regarding Kmax change after 12 months. Results: Eighty-four patients included in the study of which 23, 37 and 23 underwent the standard CXL (group I), 10-min. (group II) and the 3-min. (group III) accelerated procedures, respectively. Intra-group comparison before and after 12 months of mean Ksteep and anterior corneal astigmatism showed significant improvement only for group I (–0.3D decrease for both). Inter-group comparison showed better results after 12 months for group I (–0.9 ± 1.2) compared to group III (0.1 ± 0.8) in Ksteep, Kmean (–0.5+1. vs 0.1+0.7, respectively) and anterior astigmatism (–0.5 + 0.9 vs 0.3+1.1, respectively). We could not declare that the accelerated CXLs are non-inferior to the standard ( p-value = 0.11 and 0.15). Conclusion: The standard CXL showed better results for keratometry and astigmatism in comparison with the accelerated. Therefore, the wide use of the accelerated CXL should be considered and reviewed for longer follow-up time and larger sample size in focus on the visual acuity parameters.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Combination Irrigant Technique for Debris Removal in Simulated Canal Irregularities: An in vitro Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84
Author(s):  
S Dhivyalakshmi ◽  
◽  
N Velmurugan ◽  
G Lakshmanan ◽  
L Karthik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Camera ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Intergroup Comparison ◽  
Before And After

Aim: To evaluate the debridement efficacy of different irrigation systems in simulated canal irregularities. Study Design and Setting: About sixty maxillary central incisors were selected and after chemomechanical preparation were split longitudinally into two halves. Each groove and depression were filled with dentine debris mixed with 2.5 % NaOCl to simulate a situation where dentine debris accumulates in the un-instrumented extensions of the root canal. Materials and Methods: The specimens were randomly divided into 4 experimental groups as follows: Group I - Conventional Needle Irrigation, Group II - Apical Negative Pressure Irrigation (EndoVac), Group III - Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation and Group IV - Combination Irrigation (EV+PUI). 9 ml of 2.5 % NaOCl, 9 ml of 17 % EDTA and 9 ml of saline was used for the final irrigation protocol. Images were taken before and after irrigation using PRIMA DNT surgical microscope with digital camera. Statistical Analysis: The intergroup and individual comparison of percentage reduction of debris in groove and depressions were carried out by using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests respectively. The intergroup comparison for different scoring criteria was compared using Pearson’s chi-square tests. Differences were considered statistically significant at P value < 0.05. Results: The combination group, EV group and PUI group showed better removal of debris in Groove and Depressions than Conventional needle irrigation group. The Combination group had significant reduction of debris at 2 mm level when compared to all the other groups. Conclusion: The effectiveness of this combination irrigant delivery system for smear layer removal and antibacterial efficacy have to be evaluated further in future clinical studies

Ageing Does Not Affect Ulnar Variance: An Investigation in Taiwan

2008 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 797-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. -S. CHEN ◽  
J. -W. WANG
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Ulnar Variance ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

This paper presents a longitudinal study of the effect of ageing on ulnar variance. Between 1976 and 1985, ulnar variance in 1000 normal adult subjects was measured using the Palmer method. In 1995 to 2002, 17 to 22 years later, the ulnar variance was measured again in 864 of them. They were stratified into three age groups: Group I consisted of 351 subjects of young age (20–39 year-old), Group II of 318 subjects of middle age (40–59 year-old) and group III of 195 subjects of old age (60 year-old or older). The means of the initial and the final ulnar variance of the whole series and the three groups were compared by the paired Student’s t-test. There were no significant differences between the initial and final ulnar variances in all three age groups and in the whole series. In normal subjects without diseases or injuries affecting the wrist, ageing does not affect the ulnar variance.

An in vivo study to record bite force until denture dislodgement of an existing and new maxillary denture with and without use of denture adhesive

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Chandrakala .V ◽  
Nandeeshawar. D.B
Keyword(s):  
P Value ◽  
Complete Dentures ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Denture Adhesive ◽  
Group I ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
Denture Adhesives ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

OBJECTIVES: Thoughadequate retention is a basic requirement, there are situations in which it is not possible to obtain desirable optimal retention. Because of ill effects to supporting tissues due to many mechanical aids for retention, many patients frequently resort to the use of denture adhesives. Due to technique sensitivity and limitations of many techniques to measure the retention of a complete denture, this study was planned to evaluate and compare the BFDD with the following aims and objectives; • To measure BFDD in an existing denture without and with use of denture adhesive. • To measure BFDD in new denture without and with use of denture adhesive. • To compare BFDD between an existing and new denture without and with use of denture adhesive. METHODOLGY: Among total of twenty edentulous subjects, Group I& Group II for Method A & B were made. The data obtained by BFDD measurements were statistically analyzed using ANOVA for different time intervals and student’s t-test for group wise comparison. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of the study showed that consistent improvements were observed in BFDD when adhesive was used. The p-value was highly significant (p<0.001 HS) at all time intervals for both existing and new set of complete dentures.

scholarly journals The effect of treatment for soil-transmitted helminthiasis on cognitive function in children

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Sari ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Syahril Pasaribu
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Digit Span ◽  
P Value ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
School Aged Children ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Student’S T

Background Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections affectone-third of the world's population. School-aged children arereported to have the highest prevalence and intensity of disease,resulting in impaired cognitive function, malnutrition andmorbidity.Objective To examine differences in cognitive function in STHinfectedchildren before and after treatment.Methods We conducted a randomized, open-label, controlled trialfrom November 2 008 - March 2009 in Aek Na bar a, Lab uh an BatuDistrict, North Sumatera Province. Subjects were primary schoolagedchildren with STH infection. Before intervention, data onage, sex, nutritional status, STH infection status and cognitivefunction were collected. Subjects were divided into two groupsby simple randomization. Group I received 400 mg albendazoleand group II received a placebo. Three months after intervention,cognitive function of subjects in both groups was reassessed. Datawas analysed by Student's t test, with P value of less than 0.05considered to be statistically significant.Results Cognitive tests with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale forChildren (WISC) were performed in 120 children infected withSTH. Sixty children received 400 mg albendazole and 60 childrenreceived placebo. Seven children were excluded and one droppedout from this study. Three months after the intervention, wereevaluated cognitive function and found significant differencesin the categories of digit span (P=0.024) and total IQ score(P=0.027) between the two groups.Conclusions Treatment of STH infection with albendazoleimproved cognitive function of children in comprehension, codingand digit span testing. Performance and full IQ scores were alsoimproved after treatment. [Paediatr lndones. 2012;52:99-105].

scholarly journals Dental bleaching gels do not alter the surface roughness and microhardness of feldspathic porcelain

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyelle Cambraia Franco de SOUZA ◽  
Lisia Aparecida Costa GONÇALVES ◽  
Kellen Cristina da Silva GASQUE ◽  
Ana Beatriz da Silveira MORETTI ◽  
Bruno Franciel DA SILVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Dental Bleaching ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Altered Surface ◽  
Feldspathic Porcelain ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Bleaching Gels ◽  
Student’S T Test

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate whether two different bleaching gels affect the microhardness and surface roughness of feldspathic ceramic specimens, in vitro. Methods: A total of 48 feldspathic porcelain IPS In Line (Ivoclar-Vivadent) discs (16/treatment group) were immersed in distilled water (Group I, Untreated control, UN), or treated with the bleaching gels: Opalescence (15% carbamide peroxide; OPA) and Opalescence Xtra Boost (38%hydrogen peroxide; OPAXB), for 1h or 6h daily for 14 days. Surface roughness (Ra) and microhardness (Knoop, or KNP) measurements were made before and after treatment, and data were subjected to statistical analysis by paired Student’s t-test (p < 0.05). Results: Treatments using Opalescence and Opalescence Xtra Boost did not altered surface roughness (p=0.6199861) or microhardness (p=0.14286744) of the feldspathic porcelain tested in this study. Conclusion: Bleaching treatments using Opalescence and Opalescence Xtra Boost may be suitable for treatment in patients having ceramic prosthodontic treatment. Conclusion: Bleaching treatments using Opalescence and Opalescence Xtra Boost may be suitable for treatment in patients having ceramic prosthodontic treatment.

Fluctuations in Plasma Levels of Thrombomodulin in Patients with DIC

1992 ◽  
Vol 68 (04) ◽  
pp. 404-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kagehiro Amano ◽  
Masaki Tateyama ◽  
Hiroshi Inaba ◽  
Katsuyuki Fukutake ◽  
Michio Fujimaki
Keyword(s):  
Underlying Disease ◽  
T Test ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Membrane Injury ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Student’S T Test

SummaryPlasma thrombomodulin (TM) has attracted considerable attention as a marker of endothelial cell membrane injury. We examined fluctuations in plasma TM levels in patients receiving therapy for the disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome (DIC) using an enzyme immunoassay. Sixty healthy controls and 18 patients with DIC were studied.The mean ± SD of the TM values initially measured immediately after the onset of DIC was 42.00 ± 20.85 ng/ml, which was markedly increased as compared with the control value of 15.36 ±4.85 ng/ml (p <0.001).Fluctuations in the TM levels over time were studied after dividing the patients according to the presence or absence of improvement in the underlying disease and improvement or lack thereof in the coagulation findings. Group I showed improvement in both categories, Group II showed improvement only in the latter, and Group III showed no improvement in either category.In Group I, the mean ± SD of initial measured TM levels was 37.02 ±10.12 ng/ml and the mean of final values decreased to 58.9% of the initial value. This decrease was significant by paired Student’s t-test (p <0.01). The initial value in Group II was 45.86 ± 18.86 ng/ml and the final values increased to 117.0% of the initial values, this difference was not significant. The initial value in Group III was 44.48 ±21.53 ng/ml and the final values increased to 143.4% of the former. This increase was significant by paired Student’s t-test (p <0.05). The difference in % fluctuations between Group I and Group III was significant by Wilcoxon’s test (p <0.01).These results suggest that the measurement of plasma TM can be useful in the management of DIC.

scholarly journals Assessment and comparison of the levels of N-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(n-methyl-n –nitrosamino) -1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in the saliva of tobacco chewers and non- chewers -a hospital based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Dr Harpreet Kaur Gandhoke ◽  
Dr Vasanti Lagali Jirge ◽  
Dr Anjana Bagewadi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tobacco Specific Nitrosamines

Background: Studies estimating the Tobacco- specific nitrosamines, (TSNA’s) which are the strongest carcinogens in the saliva oftobacco users and tobacco quitters, are limited.Objectives: To assess and compare the levels of N- nitrosamines (NNN, NNK) in the saliva of tobacco chewers and non -chewers including those who have quit the habit of tobacco use.Methods: The study included 120 patients who were divided into three groups of 40 each: Group I- Smokeless tobacco chewersGroup II- Tobacco chewers who have completely stopped the habit at least 2 weeks prior to sample collection andGroup III- non-chewers. The salivary levels of two tobacco specific nitrosamines; NNN & NNK levels were estimated in the three study groups. Statistical analysis was done by Kruskal– Wallis, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, Mann-Whitney U test. (p-value < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant)Results: In Group I, the mean level of NNN was 651.84 ± 359.78 and mean level of NNK was 168.32 ± 131.83. In Group II, the mean level of NNN was 119.52 ± 95.05 and mean level of NNK was 42.78 ± 43.19. In Group III, the mean level of NNN was 3.44 ±6.55 and mean level of NNK was 1.98 ± 3.68. There was a statistical difference in the 3 groups with respect to mean levels of NNN and NNK.Conclusion: The study indicated that salivary tobacco-specific nitrosamines are elevated in tobacco chewers. Saliva can be used to detect TSNA’s and screen for TSNA’s during each patient’s de-addiction process.  

Endothelin effects in isolated, perfused lamb lungs: role of cyclooxygenase inhibition and vasomotor tone

1991 ◽  
Vol 261 (2) ◽  
pp. H443-H450 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Toga ◽  
J. Usha Raj ◽  
R. Hillyard ◽  
B. Ku ◽  
J. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Vasomotor Tone ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibition ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Sites Of Action ◽  
Arteries And Veins

We have determined the sites of action of endothelin-1 (ET) in the lamb pulmonary circulation. The influence of cyclooxygenase inhibition and baseline vasomotor tone on ET effects was also studied. Lungs of 14 lambs (6-9 wk of age, 12.1 +/- 0.6 kg body wt) were isolated and perfused with blood. Group I lungs (n = 5) were untreated, group II lungs (n = 5) were treated with indomethacin to inhibit cyclooxygenase, and group III lungs (n = 4) were treated with indomethacin and a thromboxane A2 analogue, U-46619, to elevate vasomotor tone. All lungs were perfused with constant flow in zone 3, with left atrial and airway pressures being 8 and 6 cmH2O, respectively. We measured pulmonary arterial pressure and, by the micropuncture servo-null method, pressures in 20- to 50-microns diameter subpleural venules, both before and after each dose of ET was infused (50, 100, 250, and 500 ng/kg). Group I lungs, with high baseline vasomotor tone, exhibited a biphasic response to ET; 50-100 ng/kg of ET dilated both arteries and veins, whereas 500 ng/kg of ET constricted both arteries and veins. In group II lungs with low vasomotor tone, all doses of ET caused constriction of arteries only. In group III lungs (indomethacin treated with elevated vasomotor tone), 50-100 ng/kg of ET caused dilation of arteries and veins, whereas 500 ng/kg of ET induced constriction, this time only in arteries. We conclude that ET has both dilator and constrictor effects in arteries and veins of isolated, perfused lamb lungs. ET-induced arterial and venous dilation is dependent on initial vasomotor tone but not on cyclooxygenase metabolites.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals The prognostic role of inflammatory markers in COVID 19 patients – A retrospective analysis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivkumar Gopalakrishnan ◽  
sangeetha kandasamy ◽  
S.Malini ◽  
S.Peer Mohamed ◽  
k.velmurugan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Radiation Hazard ◽  
P Value ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Background. Approximately 5% of COVID-19 patients suffer near fatal disease. Clinical and radiologic features may predict severe disease albeit with limited specificity and radiation hazard. Laboratory biomarkers are eyed as simple, specific and point of care triage tools to optimize management decisions.This study aimed to study the role of inflammatory markers in prognosticating COVID-19 patients.Methodology. A hospital based retrospective study was conducted on COVID-19 adult inpatients classified into three groups as mild disease-recovered [Group I], severe disease-recovered [Group II] and dead [Group III]. Categorical outcomes were compared using Chi square test. Univariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between the explanatory and outcome variables. Unadjusted OR along with 95% CI was calculated. The utility of lab parameters (Ferritin, LDH, D dimer, N/L ratio and PLT/L ratio) in predicting severity of COVID-19 was assessed by Receiver Operative Curve (ROC) analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. The mean age was 49.32 +/- 17.1 years. Among study population, 378 were Group I, 66 Group II, and 56 Group III. Median levels of Ferritin among the 3 groups were 62ng/mL, 388.50 ng/mL and 1199.50 ng/mL. Median value of LDH were 95U/L, 720 and 982.50(p <0.001). D-dimer values of 3 groups were 23.20ng/mL, 104.30 ng/mL and 197.10 ng/mL (p <0.001). CRP done qualitatively was positive in 2 (0.53%), 30 (45.45%) and 53 (94.64%) of patients. The odds of patients suffering severe COVID-19 rose with rising values of ferritin, LDH and D-dimer [unadjusted OR 1.007, 1.004 &1.020]Conclusion. One time measurement of serum ferritin, LDH, D-dimer and CRP is promising to predict outcomes for COVID 19 inpatients. Single qualitative CRP was equally good but more cost effective than quantitative CRP. The most specific combination was NLR, Lymphocyte percentage and D-dimer levels done between 7th – 10th day of symptoms.

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