Whole-body adipose tissue analysis: comparison of MRI, CT and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

Skeletal muscle (SM) is a large and physiologically important compartment. Adipose tissue is found interspersed between and within SM groups and is referred to as intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT). The study objective was to develop prediction models linking appendicular lean soft tissue (ALST) estimates by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with whole body IMAT-free SM quantified by magnetic resonance imaging. ALST and total-body IMAT-free SM were evaluated in 270 healthy adults [body mass index (BMI) of <35 kg/m2]. The SM prediction models were then validated by the leave-one-out method and by application in a new group of subjects who varied in SM mass [anorexia nervosa (AN), n = 23; recreational athletes, n = 16; patients with acromegaly, n = 7]. ALST alone was highly correlated with whole body IMAT-free SM [ model 1: R2 = 0.96, standard error (SE) = 1.46 kg, P < 0.001]; age ( model 2: R2 = 0.97, SE = 1.38 kg, P < 0.001) and sex and race ( model 3: R2 = 0.97, SE = 1.06 kg, both P < 0.001) added significantly to the prediction models. All three models validated in the athletes and patients with acromegaly but significantly ( P < 0.01–0.001) over-predicted SM in the AN group as a whole. However, model 1 was validated in AN patients with BMIs in the model-development group range ( n = 11; BMI of >16 kg/m2) but not in those with a BMI of <16 kg/m2 ( n = 12). The DXA-based models are accurate for predicting IMAT-free SM in selected populations and thus provide a new opportunity for quantifying SM in physiological and epidemiological investigations.

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Cross calibration of two dual-energy X-ray densitometers and comparison of visceral adipose tissue measurements by iDXA and MRI

Obesity ◽

10.1002/oby.21722 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 332-337 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Martin Reinhardt ◽

Paolo Piaggi ◽

Barbara DeMers ◽

Cathy Trinidad ◽

Jonathan Krakoff

Keyword(s):

Adipose Tissue ◽

Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽

Dual Energy ◽

X Ray ◽

Cross Calibration ◽

Visceral Adipose

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Estimation of lumbar spine bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: standard anteroposterior scansvssub-regional analyses of whole-body scans

British Journal of Radiology ◽

10.1259/bjr/22307093 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 81 (968) ◽

pp. 637-642 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

M BOYANOV

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Lumbar Spine ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Spine Bone Mineral Density ◽

Whole Body ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Regional Analyses

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Whole-Body Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Comes of Age: Bone Structural Measures and Their Physiological Determinants in Anorexia Nervosa

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism ◽

10.1210/jc.2008-0324 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 93 (4) ◽

pp. 1178-1180 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Richard L. Prince ◽

Kun Zhu

Keyword(s):

Anorexia Nervosa ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Whole Body ◽

X Ray ◽

Structural Measures

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Dual X-ray absorptiometry whole body composition of adipose tissue in rheumatoid arthritis

Romanian Journal Of Internal Medicine ◽

10.1515/rjim-2015-0031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 237-247

Author(s):

C. Popescu ◽

Violeta Bojincă ◽

Daniela Opriş ◽

Ruxandra Ionescu

Keyword(s):

Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Disease Duration ◽

Whole Body ◽

Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽

X Ray ◽

Body Adiposity ◽

Postmenopausal Female

Abstract Aim. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may influence not only abdominal fat, but also whole body adiposity, since it is associated with chronic inflammation and disability. The study aims to evaluate the whole body adiposity of RA patients and to assess potential influences of disease specific measures. Methods. The study was designed to include Caucasian postmenopausal female RA patients and age-matched postmenopausal female controls. Each subject underwent on the same day clinical examination, laboratory tests, whole body dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) composition and physical activity estimation using a self-administered questionnaire. Results. A total of 107 RA women and 104 matched controls were included. Compared to controls, the RA group had less physical activity and a higher prevalence of normal weight obesity. Overfat RA women had a significantly higher toll of inflammation, disease activity, glucocorticoid treatment and sedentary behavior. RA women with inflammation, glucocorticoid treatment and higher disease activity class had higher whole body and trunk adipose tissue indices and higher prevalence of overfat status. Glucocorticoid treatment, inflammation, disease duration and severity correlated with whole body adipose tissue and significantly predicted high adiposity content and overfat phenotypes. Conclusions. RA disease duration and severity are associated with higher whole body and regional adiposity. Low-dose glucocorticoid treatment seems to contribute to adiposity gain and redistribution. Clinicians may need to assess body composition and physical activity in RA patients in order to fully manage cardiovascular outcomes and quality of life.

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Creatine (methyl-d3) dilution in urine for estimation of total body skeletal muscle mass: accuracy and variability vs. MRI and DXA

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00455.2016 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 124 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Richard V. Clark ◽

Ann C. Walker ◽

Ram R. Miller ◽

Robin L. O’Connor-Semmes ◽

Eric Ravussin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Mass ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Intraindividual Variability ◽

Whole Body ◽

Dilution Method ◽

X Ray ◽

Spot Urine ◽

Spot Urine Sample ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Total Body

A noninvasive method to estimate muscle mass based on creatine ( methyl-d3) (D3-creatine) dilution using fasting morning urine was evaluated for accuracy and variability over a 3- to 4-mo period. Healthy older (67- to 80-yr-old) subjects ( n = 14) with muscle wasting secondary to aging and four patients with chronic disease (58–76 yr old) fasted overnight and then received an oral 30-mg dose of D3-creatine at 8 AM ( day 1). Urine was collected during 4 h of continued fasting and then at consecutive 4- to 8-h intervals through day 5. Assessment was repeated 3–4 mo later in 13 healthy subjects and 1 patient with congestive heart failure. Deuterated and unlabeled creatine and creatinine were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Total body creatine pool size and muscle mass were calculated from D3-creatinine enrichment in urine. Muscle mass was also measured by whole body MRI and 24-h urine creatinine, and lean body mass (LBM) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). D3-creatinine urinary enrichment from day 5 provided muscle mass estimates that correlated with MRI for all subjects ( r = 0.88, P < 0.0001), with less bias [difference from MRI = −3.00 ± 2.75 (SD) kg] than total LBM assessment by DXA, which overestimated muscle mass vs. MRI (+22.5 ± 3.7 kg). However, intraindividual variability was high with the D3-creatine dilution method, with intrasubject SD for estimated muscle mass of 2.5 kg vs. MRI (0.5 kg) and DXA (0.8 kg). This study supports further clinical validation of the D3-creatine method for estimating muscle mass. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Measurement of creatine ( methyl-d3) (D3-creatine) and D3-creatinine excretion in fasted morning urine samples may be a simple, less costly alternative to MRI or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to calculate total body muscle mass. The D3-creatine enrichment method provides estimates of muscle mass that correlate well with MRI, and with less bias than DXA. However, intraindividual variability is high with the D3-creatine method. Studies to refine the spot urine sample method for estimation of muscle mass may be warranted.

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Instrumental diagnosis of osteosarcopenia in diagrams and tables

Russian Journal of Geriatric Medicine ◽

10.37586/2686-8636-3-2021-350-356 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 358-364

Author(s):

A. V. Naumov ◽

D. V. Demenok ◽

Yu. S. Onuchina ◽

N. O. Khovasova ◽

V. I. Moroz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Muscle Strength ◽

Physical Performance ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Mass Function ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Whole Body ◽

Mineral Density ◽

X Ray ◽

Fracture Risk Assessment Tool ◽

History Of

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are age-associated diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Osteosarcopenia, the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia in older adults with failing was 37% and associated with higher rate of death. Diagnosis of osteosarcopenia consists of describing medical history of fractures, providing x-ray of the spine (if it is needed) and bone densitometry, calculation of Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), evaluating muscle strength, mass, function. The most common exam which is used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) is dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA). Screening using the FRAX is recommended in all postmenopausal women and mеn over 50 in order to identify individuals with high probability of fractures. It is recommended to diagnose osteoporosis in patients with fragility fracture of large bones of the skeleton. Diagnosis of sarcopenia is consist of measures for three parameters: muscle strength, muscle quantity/quality and physical performance as an indicator of severity. Muscle strength can be measured with carpal dynamometry. Muscle mass can be evaluated dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (program «Whole body»). Muscle function can be evaluated with short physical performance battery (SPPB) tests. In this article described algorithm of diagnosis of osteosarcopenia.

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Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry lean soft tissue hydration: independent contributions of intra- and extracellular water

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00361.2003 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 287 (5) ◽

pp. E842-E847 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Marie-Pierre St-Onge ◽

ZiMian Wang ◽

Mary Horlick ◽

Jack Wang ◽

Steven B. Heymsfield

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Water Distribution ◽

Dual Energy ◽

Healthy Adults ◽

Intracellular Water ◽

Whole Body ◽

Extracellular Water ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Total Group ◽

X Ray

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) provides a measure of lean soft tissue (LST). LST hydration, often assumed to be constant, is relevant to several aspects of DEXA body composition estimates. The aims of this study were to develop a theoretical model of LST total body water (TBW) content and to examine hydration effects with empirically derived model coefficients and then to experimentally test the model's prediction that, in healthy adults, LST hydration is not constant but varies as a function of extra- and intracellular water distribution (E/I). The initial phase involved TBW/LST model development and application with empirically derived model coefficients. Model predictions were then tested in a cross-sectional study of 215 healthy adults. LST was measured by DEXA, extracellular water (ECW) by NaBr dilution, intracellular water (ICW) by whole body 40K counting, and TBW by 2H2O dilution. TBW estimates, calculated as ECW + ICW, were highly correlated with ( r = 0.97, SEE = 2.1 kg, P < 0.001) and showed no significant bias compared with TBW measured by 2H2O. Model-predicted TBW/LST was almost identical to experimentally derived values (means ± SD) in the total group (0.767 vs. 0.764 ± 0.028). LST hydration was significantly correlated with E/I (total group, r = 0.30, SEE = 0.027, P < 0.001). Although E/I increased with age (men, r = 0.48; women, r = 0.37; both P < 0.001), the association between TBW/LST and age was nonsignificant. Hydration of the DEXA-derived LST compartment is thus not constant but varies predictably with ECW and ICW distribution. This observation has implications for the accuracy of body fat measurements by DEXA and the use of TBW as a means of checking DEXA system calibration.

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