scholarly journals Instrumental diagnosis of osteosarcopenia in diagrams and tables

2021 ◽  
pp. 358-364
Author(s):  
A. V. Naumov ◽  
D. V. Demenok ◽  
Yu. S. Onuchina ◽  
N. O. Khovasova ◽  
V. I. Moroz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fracture Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
History Of

Osteoporosis and sarcopenia are age-associated diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Osteosarcopenia, the presence of osteopenia/osteoporosis and sarcopenia. The prevalence of osteosarcopenia in older adults with failing was 37% and associated with higher rate of death. Diagnosis of osteosarcopenia consists of describing medical history of fractures, providing x-ray of the spine (if it is needed) and bone densitometry, calculation of Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX), evaluating muscle strength, mass, function. The most common exam which is used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) is dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA or DEXA). Screening using the FRAX is recommended in all postmenopausal women and mеn over 50 in order to identify individuals with high probability of fractures. It is recommended to diagnose osteoporosis in patients with fragility fracture of large bones of the skeleton. Diagnosis of sarcopenia is consist of measures for three parameters: muscle strength, muscle quantity/quality and physical performance as an indicator of severity. Muscle strength can be measured with carpal dynamometry. Muscle mass can be evaluated dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (program «Whole body»). Muscle function can be evaluated with short physical performance battery (SPPB) tests. In this article described algorithm of diagnosis of osteosarcopenia.

scholarly journals Dietary calcium and phosphate restriction in guinea-pigs during pregnancy: fetal mineralization induces maternal hypocalcaemia despite increased 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol concentrations

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 495-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrien Rummens ◽  
Erik Van Herck ◽  
Rita van Bree ◽  
Roger Bouillon ◽  
F. André Van Assche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hydroxylase Activity ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Highly Correlated ◽  
Stimulation Of

Guinea-pig fetuses at term are mineralized to a degree comparable with human fetuses, which makes the guinea-pig an attractive animal model to study maternal–fetal interactions with regard to Ca and phosphate (P) homeostasis. We studied non-pregnant and pregnant (day 57) vitamin D-replete guinea-pigs, fed either a normal guinea-pig chow with 9·6 g Ca/kg and 4·9 g P/kg or a study diet with 2 g Ca/kg and 1 g P/kg (low-Ca–P diet) for 7–8 weeks. Both pregnancy and the low-Ca–P diet decreased plasma concentrations of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D3), but increased total and free 1α,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3), strongly suggesting an additive stimulation of 1α-hydroxylase activity. Maternal and fetal 25(OH)D3and 1,25(OH)2D3levels were highly correlated (r0·82 and 0·92 respectively, P<0·001). Dual-energy absorption X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) showed that both pregnancy and the low-Ca–P diet decreased bone mineral density (BMD) of the maternal femur, particularly at the distal metaphysis. Despite higher 1,25(OH)2D3concentrations and lower BMD, pregnant animals on the low-Ca–P diet were hypocalcaemic; blood Ca2+levels were inversely correlated with the number of fetuses in this group (r-0·93, P<0·001). Fetal growth as well as mineralization (assessed by whole-body and femoral DXA, bone histomorphometry and plasma–bone osteocalcin measurements) were unaltered in the low-Ca–P group. In conclusion, fetal mineralization proceeds normally but induces maternal hypocalcaemia in guinea-pigs with dietary restriction of Ca and P.

scholarly journals Studies on the development of the claws in new born calves of different breeds and crossbreds using Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA)

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-317
Author(s):  
S. Nüske ◽  
J. Hampe ◽  
A. M. Scholz ◽  
M. Förster
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Different Genetic Background

Abstract. This study evaluated claw development in 199 calves of different genetic background during the first 70 days of life. Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) was found to be a useful tool for this purpose. By the means of DXA, in humans as in animals, body constitution and composition can be examined in vivo. Thus, the whole body or body regions can be analyzed for the content of fat tissue, lean tissue, bone mineral content and bone mineral density. Large differences in claw parameters were observed, depending on the position of the claws, sex and breed, including interaction effects between gender and breeds. In all four pairs of claws, the medial claws had significantly higher contents of bone mineral than the lateral claws. All fore claws had a higher density than hind claws. Male calves showed significantly higher values than females in all measured parameters. Comparing breeds and crossbreds, pure German Holsteins had the lowest values in all parameters with exception of the R-value. Within breeds/crossbreds and gender various interactions could be found. Calves of first lactation cows had lower values than calves of elder cows. Calves with a small birth weight and calves originating of a multiple birth had significantly lower values of the scanned parameters than calves with higher birth weight or monoparous calves.

Comparison of FRAX score to bone mineral density for estimating fracture risk in patients with CRPC on androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT).

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 101-101
Author(s):  
Marc Nicolas Bienz ◽  
Herbert James ◽  
Ilija Aleksic ◽  
Christopher Michael Pieczonka ◽  
David Albala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Risk ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
T Score ◽  
Fracture Risk Assessment Tool ◽  
Frax Score ◽  
Treatment Table ◽  
Country Specific

101 Background: A FRAX algorithm has been elaborated to estimate the ten-year hip fracture risk associated with this under-diagnosed condition. We aim to evaluate the fracture risk of patients who would otherwise be left untreated by the conventional T-score. Methods: Clinical data from 613 PCa patients undergoing ADT was collected from our AMP large urology group. Fracture risk was assessed using the country specific (USA) Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX). Also, a subset of patients (n=94) had received Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). We compared the proportion of patients suitable for treatment according to the threshold of the FRAX fracture risk calculated with the BMD (>3%) and the T-score (<-2.5). Results: According to the FRAX algorithm (without BMD), 61.6% of our cohort require treatment. The FRAX score (with BMD) identified 46.8% of patients who had DXA suitable for treatment, in contrast to 19.1% by the T-score alone. Correlations were calculated between the various methods (Table). Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that many patients unidentified for treatment by the conventional T-score are at significant risk for fracture according to the FRAX algorithm with BMD. When calculated without the BMD, an even greater proportion of patients is found to be at risk and suitable for treatment. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Analysis of Age-Based Bone Mineral Density in the Korean Adult Population Using Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (23) ◽  
pp. 8469
Author(s):  
Jung Chul Lee ◽  
Chong Hoon Lee ◽  
Dong Wha Chung ◽  
Hee Joo Lee ◽  
Jae Yong Park
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) provides a reliable and accurate measurement of bone density and bone mineral composition. This research examined the composition and bone density (bone mineral composition and bone mineral density; BMD) of the whole body and selected body parts using DEXA. The participants were 240 healthy adult men and women who were divided into three groups based on age. The total BMD of women amounted to an average of 1.14 g/cm2 for those aged 20–39 years, 1.14 g/cm2 for those aged 40–59 years, and 0.98 g/cm2 for those aged 60–73 years. For men, the average BMD was 1.25 g/cm2 for those aged 20–39 years, 1.20 g/cm2 for those aged 40–59 years, and 1.17 g g/cm2 for those aged 60–73 years. The decrease in age-specific BMD was shown to have a correlation with both age and body mass index, and it is determined that exercising on a regular basis can prevent a reduction in BMD by maintaining appropriate muscle mass.

scholarly journals Raman spectroscopy of fingernails: A novel tool for evaluation of bone quality?

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. M. Cummins ◽  
J. C. C. Day ◽  
A. Wren ◽  
P. Carroll ◽  
N. Murphy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Bone Quality ◽  
Bone Remodelling ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Spectral Features ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
History Of

Raman data from human fingernails has been analysed to determine if a relationship exists between spectral features and bone quality. Previous work demonstrated a relationship between the manually determined intensity of the disulphide peak (Bone Quality Test; BQT) and osteoporotic fracture. A computer program is now described that automates the BQT determination for large sample-sets. In this study the ability of the automated BQT to discriminate between fractures and controls was compared to that of bone mineral density (BMD) and biomarkers of bone remodelling. Females aged 18–67 years participated in the study (n═ 159). Fingernails were analysed using Raman spectroscopy. Lumbar and Femoral BMD was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Fasting venepuncture samples were analysed for osteocalcin and CTx (collagen C-telopeptides) by electrochemiluminescence. No correlation was found between the BQT and BMD or the biomarkers. The BQT and BMD were found to be equally accurate in identifying subjects with a history of fracture (p< 0.01) and both outperformed osteocalcin and CTx. It appears that keratin and collagen are related structural proteins that require disulphide bonding for stability. Therefore, these preliminary results suggest that Raman spectroscopy of keratin may have potential as a diagnostic tool for screening bone quality in large populations.

Analysis of Age-Based Bone Mineral Density in the Koran Adult population using Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung Chul Lee ◽  
Hee-Joo Lee ◽  
Jaeyong Park
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) measuring tool is a reliable and accurate technology to measure bone density and bone mineral composition. This research examined the composition and bone density (bone mineral composition and bone mineral density) of the whole body and representative body parts using DEXA. The participants were 240 healthy adult men and women who were divided into three groups based on age. The total bone mineral density (BMD) of women amounted to an average of 1.14 g/㎠ in Group A, 1.14 g/㎠ in Group B, and 0.98 g/㎠ in Group C. For men, the average BMD was 1.25 g/㎠ in Group A, 1.20 g/㎠ in Group B, and 1.17 g/㎠ in Group C. As a result, the reduction of age-specific BMD was shown to have a correlation with aging and body mass index(BMI), and it is determined that exercising on a regular basis can prevent reduction in BMD by maintaining appropriate muscle mass.

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