Tradable Certificates for Energy Savings: Opportunities, Challenges, and Prospects for Integration with other Market Instruments in the Energy Sector

2005 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Bertoldi ◽  
Silvia Rezessy ◽  
Diana Ürge-Vorsatz
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Tradable Green Certificates ◽  
Green Certificates ◽  
Market Driven

Policy portfolios that include tradable green certificates have been introduced in several European countries to foster market-driven penetration of renewable energy sources. Another widely analysed type of market-based instrument in the energy sector is the tradable emission allowance. Recently tradable certificates for energy savings as a tool to stimulate energy efficiency investments and deliver energy savings have attracted the attention of policy makers. While such schemes have been introduced in different forms in Italy and the Great Britain and considered in other European countries, there is an ongoing debate over their effectiveness and applicability. The paper describes the concept and main elements of schemes that involve tradable certificates for energy savings (TCES) and how these have been put into practice in Italy and the Great Britain. It then compares TCES schemes with energy taxation and mandatory demand-side management (DSM) programs using a set of four criteria. Integration with green certificates and CO2 emissions trading schemes is examined and some possibilities for practical implementation are outlined.

scholarly journals A MULTIDIMENSIONAL COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEVEL OF SUSTAINABILITY OF THE ENERGY SECTOR OF THE EUROPEAN UNION MEMBER STATES

2020 ◽  
Vol XXII (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172
Author(s):  
Łukasz Paluch ◽  
Mariusz Dacko
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
European Countries ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Member States ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The paper addresses the problem of energy sustainability of European Union countries in terms of renewable energy sources, energy consumption levels as well as energy dependency and energy intensity of the economy. The aim of the study was to identify and assess the key characteristics of the energy sector of EU members states between 2006 and 2016 using taxonomy, which is one of the basic tools in a multi-dimensional comparative analysis. The analysis revealed that, despite common challenges, different member states showed varied levels of the implementation of EU climate and energy targets. In terms of the approach to the production and consumption of primary energy, EU countries can be divided into two groups. In most Western European countries, energy production is mainly based on renewable sources. However, it only meets a small portion of the domestic economy’s needs. In contrast, Central Eastern European countries are characterized by greater concentration on aspects of self-sufficiency and security of own energy systems. In such countries, the share of renewable sources in overall energy generation is smaller.

The Impact of Market Power on the Functioning of Tradable Green Certificates Schemes

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo del Río
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Market Power ◽  
Electricity Markets ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Perfect Competition ◽  
Tradable Green Certificates ◽  
Green Certificates ◽  
Cost Distribution ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Quotas with Tradable Green Certificates (TGC) schemes have generally been regarded as an effective and cost-efficient way to promote electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E). The theoretical analysis of the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of TGC schemes has traditionally taken place assuming perfect competition in, both the electricity and TGC markets. However, these markets may not approach the conditions of a perfectly competitive market. This paper analyses the influence of market power in, both, the TGC and electricity markets on RES-E deployment, cost-effectiveness and cost distribution. The major conclusion is that market power should not be a concern. Market power does not affect the effectiveness of a quota with TGC system, i.e., it does not affect RES-E deployment, although market power on the supply side of markets may negatively affect the cost-effectiveness of the system and increase the cost burden for electricity consumers.

scholarly journals Gain without pain: an international case for a tradable green certificates system to foster renewable energy development in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 464-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetiana Kurbatova ◽  
Roman Sidortsov ◽  
Iryna Sotnyk ◽  
Oleksandr Telizhenko ◽  
Tetiana Skibina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electricity Consumption ◽  
Energy Development ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Green Electricity ◽  
Tradable Green Certificates ◽  
Renewable Energy Development ◽  
Green Certificates

This paper elaborates on the theoretical and methodological fundamentals of a tradable green certificates system to foster renewable energy development in Ukraine. It proposes a management mechanism premised on the classical market model of tradable green certificates aiming at increasing the share of electricity from renewable energy sources in the country’s energy mix. Organizational stages of the mechanism formation at the national level and a methodological approach to assess green electricity generation cost are developed. The modeling has shown that the annual increase in the cap for green electricity consumption by 1% will raise the electricity tariff by 3%, which is not a significant financial burden for consumers. The proposed changes in the tradable green certificates system can be an effective management tool to achieve the required amount of electricity from renewable energy sources in the country’s total electricity consumption and to foster the development of the Ukrainian renewable energy sector.

Direct ammonia fueled solid oxide fuel cells: A comprehensive review on challenges, opportunities and future outlooks

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Asmare ◽  
Mustafa Ilbas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Green Fuel

Nowadays, the most decisive challenges we are fronting are perfectly clean energy making for equitable and sustainable modern energy access, and battling the emerging alteration of the climate. This is because, carbon-rich fuels are the fundamental supply of utilized energy for strengthening human society, and it will be sustained in the near future. In connection with this, electrochemical technologies are an emerging and domineering tool for efficiently transforming the existing scarce fossil fuels and renewable energy sources into electric power with a trivial environmental impact. Compared with conventional power generation technologies, SOFC that operate at high temperature is emerging as a frontrunner to convert the fuels chemical energy into electric power and permits the deployment of varieties of fuels with negligible ecological destructions. According to this critical review, direct ammonia is obtained as a primary possible choice and price-effective green fuel for T-SOFCs. This is because T-SOFCs have higher volumetric power density, mechanically stable, and high thermal shocking resistance. Also, there is no sealing issue problem which is the chronic issues of the planar one. As a result, the toxicity of ammonia to use as a fuel is minimized if there may be a leakage during operation. It is portable and manageable that can be work everywhere when there is energy demand. Besides, manufacturing, onboard hydrogen deposition, and transportation infrastructure connected snags of hydrogen will be solved using ammonia. Ammonia is a low-priced carbon-neutral source of energy and has more stored volumetric energy compared with hydrogen. Yet, to utilize direct NH3 as a means of hydrogen carrier and an alternative green fuel in T-SOFCs practically determining the optimum operating temperatures, reactant flow rates, electrode porosities, pressure, the position of the anode, thickness and diameters of the tube are still requiring further improvement. Therefore, mathematical modeling ought to be developed to determine these parameters before planning for experimental work. Also, a performance comparison of AS, ES, and CS- T-SOFC powered with direct NH3 will be investigated and best-performed support will be carefully chosen for practical implementation and an experimental study will be conducted for verification based on optimum parameter values obtained from numerical modeling.

PROSPECTS OF OBTAINING ALTERNATIVE FUEL FROM VARIOUS BIOMASS AND WASTE SPECIES IN AZERBAIJAN

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
O. M. Salamov ◽  
F. F. Aliyev
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Energy Intensity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Energy Sector ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Gaseous Fuels

The paper discusses the possibility of obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels from different types of biomass (BM) and combustible solid waste (CSW) of various origins. The available world reserves of traditional types of fuel are analyzed and a number of environmental shortcomings that created during their use are indicated. The tables present the data on the conditional calorific value (CCV) of the main traditional and alternative types of solid, liquid and gaseous fuels which compared with CCV of various types of BM and CSW. Possible methods for utilization of BM and CSW are analyzed, as well as the methods for converting them into alternative types of fuel, especially into combustible gases.Reliable information is given on the available oil and gas reserves in Azerbaijan. As a result of the research, it was revealed that the currently available oil reserves of Azerbaijan can completely dry out after 33.5 years, and gas reserves–after 117 years, without taking into account the growth rates of the exported part of these fuels to European countries. In order to fix this situation, first of all it is necessary to use as much as possible alternative and renewable energy sources, especially wind power plants (WPP) and solar photovoltaic energy sources (SFES) in the energy sector of the republic. Azerbaijan has large reserves of solar and wind energy. In addition, all regions of the country have large reserves of BM, and in the big cities, especially in industrial ones, there are CSW from which through pyrolysis and gasification is possible to obtain a high-quality combustible gas mixture, comprising: H2 + CO + CH4, with the least amount of harmful waste. The remains of the reaction of thermochemical decomposition of BM and CSW to combustible gases can also be used as mineral fertilizers in agriculture. The available and projected resources of Azerbaijan for the BM and the CSW are given, as well as their assumed energy intensity in the energy sector of the republic.Given the high energy intensity of the pyrolysis and gasification of the BM and CSW, at the present time for carrying out these reactions, the high-temperature solar installations with limited power are used as energy sources, and further preference is given to the use of WPP and SFES on industrial scale.

scholarly journals Lighting System Modernization as a Source of Green Energy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2771
Author(s):  
Leszek Kotulski ◽  
Artur Basiura ◽  
Igor Wojnicki ◽  
Sebastian Siuchta
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Levelized Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Cost Of Electricity ◽  
Lighting Retrofit

The use of formal methods and artificial intelligence has made it possible to automatically design outdoor lighting. Quick design for large cities, in a matter of hours instead of weeks, and analysis of various optimization criteria enables to save energy and tune profit stream from lighting retrofit. Since outdoor lighting is of a large scale, having luminaires on every street in urban areas, and since it needs to be retrofitted every 10 to 15 years, choosing proper parameters and light sources leads to significant energy savings. This paper presents the concept and calculations of Levelized Cost of Electricity for outdoor lighting retrofit. It is understood as cost of energy savings, it is in the range from 23.06 to 54.64 EUR/MWh, based on real-world cases. This makes street and road lighting modernization process the best green “energy source” if compared with the 2018 Fraunhofer Institute cost of electricity renewable energy technologies ranking. This indicates that investment in lighting retrofit is more economically and ecologically viable than investment in new renewable energy sources.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document