An Interactive 3-Dimensional Database Applied to the Conservation of a Painted Chapel

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Marc Vallet ◽  
Livio De Luca ◽  
Marie Feillou ◽  
Odile Guillon ◽  
Marc Pierrot-Deseilligny
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Management ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Geometrical Complexity ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Scientific Documentation ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
State Diagnosis

Matteo Giovannetti's frescoes (1355–1356) which decorate the Innocent VI chapel of La Chartreuse du Val des Bénédictins (Villeneuve-lez-Avignon, France) are very sensitive to the alteration. They need a new restoration campaign. Because of the geometrical complexity of the place, the environment and the involved degradation mechanisms, a good conservation management of these murals is essential. Therefore, an interactive 3- dimensional spatial database, including dated data was developped. Architectural measurements, digital scientific documentation were gathered. A historical documentation including restoration acts, used restoration products has been collected. Last, the paintings degradations, up-to-date deterioration patterns description and conservation state diagnosis of these wall paintings including a deterioration mapping are monitored. Results of the physical and chemical analyses of painting, restoration techniques and deterioration products are also integrated. The entire collected and interactive database will be available for conservation managers and researchers within the next three years.

scholarly journals Reliability Improvement and Remaining Issues on Photovoltaic Cells and Modules

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Incident Light ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
Reliability Improvement ◽  
Degradation Factor ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Acceleration Test

Degradation phenomena of photovoltaic cells and modules were systematically and in detail studied by observing those exposed outdoors and subjecting those to various indoor acceleration tests. Those degradation phenomena were roughly classified into three categories; less incident light into photovoltaic cells, less collection of photogenerated carriers, and less photovoltaic ability itself. Degradation mechanisms of photovoltaic cells and modules were clarified by microscopic physical and chemical analyses. Based on the mechanisms, it was found that key materials for improving reliability are encapsulants and electrodes. Improvement methods of reliability for photovoltaic cells and modules were also proposed. Prediction of lifetime by indoor acceleration test methods is also important although the prediction is quite difficult using the artificial test methods with only one or two degradation factor(s). Remaining issues of reliability and durability will be also presented.

Strategies for inclusion of growth factors into 3D printed bone grafts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessia Longoni ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Gabriella C.J. Lindberg ◽  
Jelena Rnjak-Kovacina ◽  
Lyn M. Wise ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bone Grafts ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Large Bone

Abstract There remains a critical need to develop new technologies and materials that can meet the demands of treating large bone defects. The advancement of 3-dimensional (3D) printing technologies has allowed the creation of personalized and customized bone grafts, with specific control in both macro- and micro-architecture, and desired mechanical properties. Nevertheless, the biomaterials used for the production of these bone grafts often possess poor biological properties. The incorporation of growth factors (GFs), which are the natural orchestrators of the physiological healing process, into 3D printed bone grafts, represents a promising strategy to achieve the bioactivity required to enhance bone regeneration. In this review, the possible strategies used to incorporate GFs to 3D printed constructs are presented with a specific focus on bone regeneration. In particular, the strengths and limitations of different methods, such as physical and chemical cross-linking, which are currently used to incorporate GFs to the engineered constructs are critically reviewed. Different strategies used to present one or more GFs to achieve simultaneous angiogenesis and vasculogenesis for enhanced bone regeneration are also covered in this review. In addition, the possibility of combining several manufacturing approaches to fabricate hybrid constructs, which better mimic the complexity of biological niches, is presented. Finally, the clinical relevance of these approaches and the future steps that should be taken are discussed.

scholarly journals Investigation of the Optical, Physical, and Chemical Interactions between Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate (DAP) and Pigments

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 3803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ma ◽  
Hélène Pasco ◽  
Magdalena Balonis ◽  
Ioanna Kakoulli
Keyword(s):  
Wall Painting ◽  
Wall Paintings ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Chemical Interactions ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Red Lead ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Diammonium Hydrogen ◽  
Lapis Lazuli

This research investigates and evaluates the optical, physical, and chemical interactions between a diammonium hydrogen phosphate (DAP) solution and seven pigments commonly encountered in archaeological and historic fresco and secco wall paintings and polychrome monuments. The pigments include cinnabar, French ochre, chalk, lapis lazuli, raw sienna, burnt umber, and red lead. The raw pigments were analyzed before and after the interaction with the DAP solution, and the reaction products resulting from the contact of the pigments with the DAP solution were evaluated to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the effects of diammonium phosphate on the color, morphology, and chemical composition of the pigments. The results indicated no significant changes of the color or of the chemistry of cinnabar, French ochre, and lapis lazuli. Carbonate-containing primary and secondary (found as impurities in earth pigments) pigments, such as chalk and calcium carbonate, were transformed into calcium phosphate, though without a significant change in color. Phase and strong color changes occurred only for the red lead pigment, associated with the transformation of red lead into hydroxypyromorphite. These data established the parameters and identified the risks of the direct application of DAP solutions on pigments. Further research will be undertaken to assess the potential use of DAP as a consolidant of wall paintings and other polychrome surfaces through testing on wall painting/polychromy mockups and on-site archaeological/historic painted surfaces.

Use of Ashes from Biomass Combustion as an Aggregate for Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 958 ◽  
pp. 111-115
Author(s):  
V.A.S. Schein ◽  
G. Conte ◽  
Marilena Valadares Folgueras ◽  
L.V.O. Dalla Valentina ◽  
M.R. Medeiros
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Power Plant ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Structural Concrete ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Biomass Ashes

This paper discusses an environmentally-friendly destination for the residual ashes resulting from the firing of biomass (wood wastes) at the Engie Brasil Cogeneration Power Plant located in Lages, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The study proposes reusing the residue as a substitution for crushed stones in the production of concrete. Environmental, physical, and chemical analyses were performed for characterization of the ashes. Specimens prepared with ash and subjected to testing presented a compressive strength of around 18.63 Mpa (2700 psi), which is in compliance with the ACI-213R and ASTM C330-5 specifications. With pretreatment and proper mixing ratios, biomass ashes may be employed as an aggregate in the manufacture of lightweight structural concrete.

Invited Article: Physical and chemical analyses of impregnated cathodes operated in a plasma environment

2008 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 111301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Sengupta ◽  
James Kulleck ◽  
Norm Hill ◽  
Wayne Ohlinger
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Plasma Environment ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soot as an Indicator in Fire Investigations: Physical and Chemical Analyses

1994 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 13675J ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Teresa Pinorini ◽  
Christopher James Lennard ◽  
Pierre Margot ◽  
Isabelle Dustin ◽  
Patrick Furrer
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
In Fire ◽  
Physical And Chemical

scholarly journals Where to from here? Challenges for restoration and revegetation in a fast-changing world

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 563 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hobbs
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Management ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
Voluntary Work ◽  
Restoration Techniques ◽  
Positive Action ◽  
The Face ◽  
Local Patch ◽  
Open Discussion ◽  
Ongoing Development ◽  
Rapid Environmental Change

Ecological restoration provides hope and the opportunity for positive action in the face of ongoing rapid environmental change. Restoration techniques and approaches are improving, and restoration is seen as an important element of conservation management and policy from local to global scales. Motivations for undertaking restoration are numerous, and resources available for this enterprise vary greatly from case to case. Restoration encompasses everything from multinational companies restoring minesites or offsets to comply with environmental regulations to local bushcare groups doing voluntary work in their local patch of bush. The financial and human resources available largely determine the extent and type of restoration activities that are possible. An important task is increasing the resources available for these activities, but it is also important to recognise that resources will continue to fall well short of what is actually required into the foreseeable future. In addition, the need for restoration will only increase with ongoing development and changing environments. In this scenario, how then, should decisions be made about what types of restoration activities are appropriate and possible? How do we ensure that the good intentions behind restoration management and policy translate into good outcomes? Challenges for restoration include not only improving the techniques and approaches but also tackling hard questions about what restoration goals are appropriate and engaging in open discussion of hidden assumptions and values behind decisions.

scholarly journals Open Meeting of the Commission on International Tables for Crystallography

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1782-C1782
Author(s):  
Carolyn Brock
Keyword(s):  
Reciprocal Space ◽  
Group Symmetry ◽  
Biological Macromolecules ◽  
Planning Stage ◽  
Space Groups ◽  
3 Dimensional ◽  
Magnetic Structures ◽  
Open Meeting ◽  
Symmetry Relations ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The development of the seriesInternational Tables for Crystallographysince the 2011 Congress in Madrid will be discussed. The series includes eight published volumes with a ninth expected before the end of 2014 and definite plans for a tenth. A new edition of Volume A (Space-group symmetry, Editor Mois Aroyo) is nearly ready. A great deal of work has been done on the associated onlineSymmetry Database. Volume A1 (Symmetry relations between space groups, 2011, editors Hans Wondratschek and Ulrich Müller) is the companion volume. Work on a revision of theBrief Teaching Editionwill begin once the new Volume A is finished. Volume B (Reciprocal space, 2010; Editor Gervais Chapuis, who succeeded Uri Shmueli in 2011) and Volume C (Mathematical, physical and chemical tables, 2006, Editor Richard Welberry) are undergoing revisions, which will be major. The volumes will be reorganized with those topics connected to reciprocal space in B and those connected to direct space in C. A new edition of Volume D (Physical properties of crystals, Editor André Authier) was completed in 2013. A new edition of Volume F (Crystallography of biological macromolecules, Editors Eddy Arnold, Daniel Himmel, and Michael Rossmann) appeared in 2012. A new Volume H onPowder diffraction(Editors Chris Gilmore, Jim Kaduk, and Henk Schenk) is nearing completion. A new Volume I onXAFS(Editors Chris Chantler, Federico Boscherini, and Bruce Bunker) is in the planning stage. The Commission on Magnetic Structures is developing plans for a volume. In the meantime Danny Litvin's compilation of 1-, 2-, and 3-dimensional magnetic subperiodic groups and space groups was published as an e-book by the IUCr in 2013. Ideas for future developments will be welcome.

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