scholarly journals Society Defends Itself: The Biopolitical Dilemma, Singularity of Existence, and Social Black Hole in Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-234
Author(s):  
Kamuran Gökdağ
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Social Contract ◽  
Theoretical Probability ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Common Deficiency ◽  
Political Origins

This essay focuses on the existential conflict between society and politics that has once again come to the fore in the sense of biopolitical theory with the Covid-19 outbreak. It attempts to demonstrate where and how the theory of biopolitics is insufficient at understanding the individual, who has reset all relationships under the circumstances of the pandemic, while providing a certain viewpoint based on true and logical facts. The essay considers this insufficiency as a common deficiency of the various types of biopolitical theory and correlates this to a historical deficiency that has lacked a concept of absolute singularity (i.e., singularity of existence) that would precede the compromises and necessities associated with life in identifying socio-political origins. Thus, the article argues the theory of biopolitics to have persisted in this sense within the theories of classical order, particularly the Hobbesian theory of social contract, based on replicated historical deficiency. Therefore, the key issue of the essay is whether a non-relational moment of existence exists for any nature or framework that refutes all the responsibilities, concessions, or regularities attached to it such that it cannot be appropriated. The essay affirms this issue through a theoretical probability and attempts to view the circumstances present in the Covid-19 phase not as the moment itself but as its signals, messages, and indications. This moment is conceptualized as a social black hole. Thus, the essay examines the destructive and constitutive role of the moment in which life sinks into social black holes.

scholarly journals Statistical Properties of Kerr BH Flywheel Model of QSOs/AGNs

2000 ◽  
Vol 195 ◽  
pp. 417-418
Author(s):  
S. Nitta
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Kerr Black Hole ◽  
Mass Function ◽  
Initial Mass Function ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Disk System ◽  
The Press ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Density Population

The aim of this work is to demonstrate the properties of the magnetospheric model around Kerr black holes, so-called the “flywheel” (rotation powered) model. The fly-wheel engine of the BH accretion disk system is applied to the statistics of QSOs/AGNs. Nitta, Takahashi, & Tomimatsu clarified the individual evolution of the Kerr black-hole fly-wheel engine, which is parameterized by black-hole mass, initial Kerr parameter, magnetic field near the horizon, and a dimensionless small parameter. We impose a statistical model for the initial mass function of an ensemble of black holes using the Press-Schechter formalism. With the help of additional assumptions, we can discuss the evolution of the luminosity function and the spatial number density (population) of QSOs/AGNs. The result explains well the decrease of very bright QSOs and decrease of population after z ~ 2.

scholarly journals Black hole and neutron star mergers in galactic nuclei: the role of triples

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (2) ◽  
pp. 2825-2835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giacomo Fragione ◽  
Nathan W C Leigh ◽  
Rosalba Perna
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Neutron Star ◽  
Massive Stars ◽  
Star Clusters ◽  
Galactic Nuclei ◽  
Compact Objects ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Binary Case

ABSTRACT Nuclear star clusters that surround supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei are thought to contain large numbers of black holes (BHs) and neutron stars (NSs), a fraction of which form binaries and could merge by Kozai–Lidov oscillations (KL). Triple compact objects are likely to be present, given what is known about the multiplicity of massive stars, whose life ends either as an NS or a BH. In this paper, we present a new possible scenario for merging BHs and NSs in galactic nuclei. We study the evolution of a triple black hole (BH) or neutron star (NS) system orbiting an SMBH in a galactic nucleus by means of direct high-precision N-body simulations, including post-Newtonian terms. We find that the four-body dynamical interactions can increase the KL angle window for mergers compared to the binary case and make BH and NS binaries merge on shorter time-scales. We show that the merger fraction can be up to ∼5–8 times higher for triples than for binaries. Therefore, even if the triple fraction is only ∼10–$20\rm{\,per\,cent}$ of the binary fraction, they could contribute to the merger events observed by LIGO/VIRGO in comparable numbers.

scholarly journals Digital Phenotyping in Bipolar Disorder: Which Integration with Clinical Endophenotypes and Biomarkers?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (20) ◽  
pp. 7684
Author(s):  
Laura Orsolini ◽  
Michele Fiorani ◽  
Umberto Volpe
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Human Phenotype ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Mood Swing ◽  
Digital Phenotyping ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex neurobiological disorder characterized by a pathologic mood swing. Digital phenotyping, defined as the ‘moment-by-moment quantification of the individual-level human phenotype in its own environment’, represents a new approach aimed at measuring the human behavior and may theoretically enhance clinicians’ capability in early identification, diagnosis, and management of any mental health conditions, including BD. Moreover, a digital phenotyping approach may easily introduce and allow clinicians to perform a more personalized and patient-tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approach, in line with the framework of precision psychiatry. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the role of digital phenotyping in BD. Despite scarce literature published so far, extremely heterogeneous methodological strategies, and limitations, digital phenotyping may represent a grounding research and clinical field in BD, by owning the potentialities to quickly identify, diagnose, longitudinally monitor, and evaluating clinical response and remission to psychotropic drugs. Finally, digital phenotyping might potentially constitute a possible predictive marker for mood disorders.

scholarly journals The MEMO project: Combining all microlensing surveys to search for intermediate-mass Galactic black holes

2018 ◽  
Vol 618 ◽  
pp. L4 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mirhosseini ◽  
M. Moniez
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Milky Way ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Large Magellanic Cloud ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Intermediate Mass ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Galactic Black Hole ◽  
The Individual

Aims. The microlensing surveys MACHO, EROS, MOA and OGLE (hereafter called MEMO) have searched for microlensing toward the Large Magellanic Cloud for a cumulated duration of 27 years. We study the potential of joining these databases to search for very massive objects, that produce microlensing events with a duration of several years. Methods. We identified the overlaps between the different catalogs and compiled their time coverage to identify common regions where a joint microlensing detection algorithm can operate. We extrapolated a conservative global microlensing detection efficiency based on simple hypotheses, and estimated detection rates for multi-year duration events. Results. Compared with the individual survey searches, we show that a combined search for long timescale microlensing should detect about ten more events caused by 100 M⊙ black holes if these objects have a major contribution to the Milky Way halo. Conclusions. Assuming that a common analysis is feasible, meaning that the difficulties that arise from using different passbands can be overcome, we show that the sensitivity of such an analysis might enable us to quantify the Galactic black hole component.

scholarly journals External energy paradigm for black holes

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (31) ◽  
pp. 1844025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan K. Ha
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Gravitational Energy ◽  
Electrostatic Energy ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
External Energy ◽  
Quantum Particles ◽  
Remarkable Result ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Constituent Mass

A new paradigm for black holes is introduced. It is known as the External Energy Paradigm. The paradigm asserts that all energies of a black hole are external quantities; they are absent inside the horizon. These energies include constituent mass, gravitational energy, electrostatic energy, rotational energy, heat energy, etc. As a result, quantum particles with charges and spins cannot exist inside the black hole. To validate the conclusion, we derive the moment of inertia of a Schwarzschild black hole and find that it is exactly equal to mass [Formula: see text] (Schwarzschild radius)2, indicating that all mass of the black hole is located at the horizon. This remarkable result can resolve several long-standing paradoxes in black hole theory; such as why entropy is proportional to area and not to volume, the singularity problem, the information loss problem and the perplexing firewall controversy.

scholarly journals The Role of Gravitational Instabilities in the Feeding of Supermassive Black Holes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lodato
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
High Redshift ◽  
Supermassive Black Holes ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Accretion Discs ◽  
Theoretical Point ◽  
Interstellar Gas ◽  
Massive Black Hole

I review the recent progresses that have been obtained, especially through the use of high-resolution numerical simulations, on the dynamics of self-gravitating accretion discs. A coherent picture is emerging, where the disc dynamics is controlled by a small number of parameters that determine whether the disc is stable or unstable, whether the instability saturates in a self-regulated state or runs away into fragmentation, and whether the dynamics is local or global. I then apply these concepts to the case of AGN discs, discussing the implications of such evolution on the feeding of supermassive black holes. Nonfragmenting, self-gravitating discs appear to play a fundamental role in the process of formation of massive black hole seeds at high redshift ( 10–15) through direct gas collapse. On the other hand, the different cooling properties of the interstellar gas at low redshifts determine a radically different behaviour for the outskirts of the accretion discs feeding typical AGNs. Here the situation is much less clear from a theoretical point of view, and while several observational clues point to the important role of massive discs at a distance of roughly a parsec from their central black hole, their dynamics is still under debate.

scholarly journals La angustia, principio de posibilidad del conocimiento

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Carlos Fernando Álvarez-González
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Production Of Knowledge ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

ResumenEl presente artículo de reflexión pretende examinar y desarrollar el concepto de la Angustia –principalmente en Kierkegaard- como principio de posibilidad en la producción de conocimiento. El filósofo a trabajar define la angustia como el temor venido de la nada. La aproximación a dicho concepto se realizó a partir del desarrollo de las categorías de falta, remordimiento, arrepentimiento, libertad y culpa. La investigación facilita comprender el momento de elección del individuo al conocer, lo que puede llevar a cambios estructurales en su representación acerca de cómo se aborda el papel de la misma en la producción del conocimiento desde la culpa. Palabras Claves: Angustia, falta, libertad, culpa, conocimiento. AbstractThe present reflection article tries to examine and develop the concept of the Anguish - mainly in Kierkegaard – as a principle of possibility in the production of knowledge. The philosopher to work defines the anguish as the fear that comes from nothing. The approach to this concept was made from the development of the categories of lack, remorse, repentance, freedom and guilt. Research facilitates to understand the moment of choice of the individual upon knowing, which can lead to structural changes in their representation about how the role of the same in the production of knowledge from guilt is addressed. Research makes it easier to understand the moment of choice of the individual when it is known, which can lead to structural changes in their representation about how the role of the same in the production of knowledge from guilt is addressed. Key words: Anguish, knowledge, guilt,  lack, freedom Resumo Este artigo de reflexãotem por objetivo analisar  e desenvolver o conceito da Aflição -principalmente em Kierkegaard – como princípio de possibilidade na produção de conhecimento. O  filósofo define a aflição como o medo vindo do nada. A abordagem a este conceito foi baseado no desenvolvimento das categorias de fracasso, remorso, arrependimento, liberdade e culpa. A pesquisa facilita a compreensão do momento de escolha do indivíduo ao conhecer, o que pode levar a mudanças estruturais na sua representação sobre cómo abordar o papel da mesma na produção do conhecimento da culpa. Palavras chave:Aflição, fracasso, liberdade, remorso, conhecimento.

scholarly journals Comment on “Black Hole Entropy: A Closer Look”

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1110
Author(s):  
Pedro Pessoa ◽  
Bruno Arderucio Costa
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Black Hole Entropy ◽  
Additive Functional ◽  
Important Distinction

In a recent paper (Entropy 2020, 22(1), 17), Tsallis states that entropy—as in Shannon or Kullback–Leiber’s definitions—is inadequate to interpret black hole entropy and suggests that a new non-additive functional should take the role of entropy. Here we counterargue by explaining the important distinction between the properties of extensivity and additivity; the latter is fundamental for entropy, while the former is a property of particular thermodynamical systems that is not expected for black holes. We also point out other debatable statements in his analysis of black hole entropy.

scholarly journals THE CARDY–VERLINDE FORMULA AND CHARGED TOPOLOGICAL AdS BLACK HOLES

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 1327-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONAM YOUM
Keyword(s):  
Black Holes ◽  
Black Hole ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Frw Universe ◽  
Stiff Matter ◽  
Verlinde Formula ◽  
Friedmann Equations ◽  
Ads Black Holes ◽  
Curvature Parameter ◽  
The Moment

We consider the brane universe in the bulk background of the charged topological AdS black holes. The evolution of the brane universe is described by the Friedmann equations for a flat or an open FRW-universe containing radiation and stiff matter. We find that the temperature and entropy of the dual CFT are simply expressed in terms of the Hubble parameter and its time derivative, and the Friedmann equations coincide with thermodynamic formulas of the dual CFT at the moment when the brane crosses the black hole horizon. We obtain the generalized Cardy–Verlinde formula for the CFT with an R-charge, for any values of the curvature parameter k in the Friedmann equations.

Two Sociological Outlooks

2016 ◽  
pp. 69-106
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
The Social ◽  
Nature And Nurture ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Individual

The sociological distinction between ascribed and achieved statuses and the typology of roles attached to them construct “status sets” that form the building blocks of class, social inequality and stratification – the most important components of social structure. Among other topics, this chapter addresses the correspondences between work, salvation, piety and economics, by discussing the complexity of meanings in Islam, and through a discourse on Islamic culture. Both theoretically and empirically, we argue that work and social mobility have advanced by placing emphasis on achieved status rather than ascribed status, as in the Protestant vision. The prevalent assumption is that everybody is born with equal capabilities that can be actualized by individual endeavors. Thus, from the Protestant viewpoint, achieved statuses, and the social roles attached to them to build up the social structure, are more individually than socially based. This statement, that reflects a long debate on the role of nature and nurture, does not mean the authors are underestimating societal resources by an emphasis on psychologism. Attempts are made to avoid both sociologism and psychologism especially where theological foundational concerns are built upon here and beyond. Nonetheless, since creation starts with motivation, there are individuals who are prone to uphold and judge their creations to achieve a status without expert information. That is the moment that societal auditioning in various forms hold individuals' estimation of their creation to the societal standards whether in terms of subjectivity of taste or normative demands of a status. By de-emphasizing ascribed status, the individual's endeavors to gain rewards, material or non-material in this world not only contribute to capital accumulation, or prestige, but also open the avenue for the individual who believes in salvation, or engagement in innovation and scientific experimentation. As functionalists suggest, the expectation of reward, failure, and specialization create social inequality – that is, the qualities such as a degree of religiosity that have nothing to do with the stratification of people. If the degree of religiosity, measured by frequency of attending church or mosque, is able to impact drastically upon societal stratification, then the more stratified societies with large gaps between social classes are able to close them harmoniously.

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