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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is anopportunistic pathogen that affectspublic health representing the most common infections related to health care and community. MRSA infections are classified as health care-associated MRSA (HA-MRSA) and community-associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) defined by the bacteria genetic profile. This study conducts a molecular characterization of eighty-one MRSA isolates from a hospital in Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil, in a period from January to June of 2012. A multiplex PCR was performed to determine the SCCmec types. From the 81 isolates, 24 (30%) were type I, 10 (12%) type II, 21 (26%) type III, 4 (5%) type IVa, 12 (15%) isolates were type IVc, 1 isolate was type I and IVc (1%) and 1 was type III and IVc (1%) simultaneously, while non-typable isolates corresponded to 8 isolates (10%). However most of the isolates were carrying SCCmec types related to HA-MRSA, the results reveal a change in the epidemiology, considering the decrease of the incidence of SCCmec type III and the increase of isolates being typed as SCCmec I.

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Clonal types and antimicrobial resistance profiles of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from hospitals in south Brazil

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo ◽

10.1590/s0036-46652008000300001 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 135-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Leandro Reus Rodrigues Perez ◽

Pedro Alves D'azevedo

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Susceptibility Testing ◽

Sccmec Type ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Porto Alegre ◽

Disk Diffusion Method ◽

And Control ◽

Sccmec Types

In the present study were evaluated the DNA macrorestriction profile and SCCmec types for nine multi-resistant MRSA selected. Also antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk diffusion method was evaluated for 68 MRSA isolates against 12 antimicrobial agents. The isolates were recovered from blood culture collected from hospitalized patients in three hospitals of Porto Alegre, Brazil. PFGE and PCR for mecA and SCCmec I, II, III, IV types genes were done on selected nine isolates with susceptibility only to vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid. Two clone profiles, with five subtypes, were demonstrated among multi-resistant MRSA analyzed. Eight isolates showed harbor SCCmec type III and one isolate was not typeable. The knowledge of SCCmec type, clone and antimicrobial profiles among S. aureus is essential mainly to prevention and control of dissemination of the antimicrobial resistance.

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Virulence Factors Found in Nasal Colonization and Infection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Isolates and Their Ability to Form a Biofilm

Toxins ◽

10.3390/toxins13010014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 14

Author(s):

Thamiris Santana Machado ◽

Felipe Ramos Pinheiro ◽

Lialyz Soares Pereira Andre ◽

Renata Freire Alves Pereira ◽

Reginaldo Fernandes Correa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Sccmec Type ◽

Protein A ◽

Invasive Infection ◽

Type I ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Type Iv ◽

Spa Gene ◽

The City

Hospitalizations related to Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) are frequent, increasing mortality and health costs. In this way, this study aimed to compare the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of MRSA isolates that colonize and infect patients seen at two hospitals in the city of Niterói—Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A total of 147 samples collected between March 2013 and December 2015 were phenotyped and genotyped to identify the protein A (SPA) gene, the mec staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCCmec), mecA, Panton-Valentine Leucocidin (PVL), icaC, icaR, ACME, and hla virulence genes. The strength of biofilm formation has also been exploited. The prevalence of SCCmec type IV (77.1%) was observed in the colonization group; however, in the invasive infection group, SCCmec type II was prevalent (62.9%). The Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), ST5/ST30, and ST5/ST239 analyses were the most frequent clones in colonization, and invasive infection isolates, respectively. Among the isolates selected to assess the ability to form a biofilm, 51.06% were classified as strong biofilm builders. Surprisingly, we observed that isolates other than the Brazilian Epidemic Clone (BEC) have appeared in Brazilian hospitals. The virulence profile has changed among these isolates since the ACME type I and II genes were also identified in this collection.

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Distribution of virulence genes and SCCmec types among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus of clinical and environmental origin: a study from community of Assam, India

BMC Research Notes ◽

10.1186/s13104-021-05473-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Deepshikha Bhowmik ◽

Shiela Chetri ◽

Bhaskar Jyoti Das ◽

Debadatta Dhar Chanda ◽

Amitabha Bhattacharjee

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Virulence Genes ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Virulence Gene ◽

Type I ◽

Methicillin Resistant ◽

Type Iv ◽

Clinical Community ◽

Type V ◽

Sccmec Types

Abstract Objective This study was designed to discover the dissemination of virulence genes in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from clinical, community and environmental settings. Results This study includes 1165 isolates collected from hospital, community and environmental settings. Among them sixty three were confirmed as MRSA with varied SCCmec types viz; type I, type II, type III, type IV, type V, type VI, type VII, type VIII and type XII. The virulence gene such as sea (n = 54), seb (n = 21), eta (n = 27), etb (n = 2), cna (n = 24), ica (n = 2) and tst (n = 30) was also revealed from this study. The study underscores coexistence of resistance cassette and virulence genes among clinical and environment isolates which is first of its kind from this part of the world.

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Current Status of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome mec (SCCmec)

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics11010086 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Yuki Uehara

Keyword(s):

Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Sccmec Type ◽

Current Status ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Identification Methods ◽

Sccmec Types ◽

Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome ◽

Conventional Sequencing

Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing was established in the 2000s and has been employed as a tool for the molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, as well as the evolution investigation of Staphylococcus species. Molecular cloning and the conventional sequencing of SCCmec have been adopted to verify the presence and structure of a novel SCCmec type, while convenient PCR-based SCCmec identification methods have been used in practical settings for many years. In addition, whole-genome sequencing has been widely used, and various SCCmec and similar structures have been recently identified in various species. The current status of the SCCmec types, SCCmec subtypes, rules for nomenclature, and multiple methods for identifying SCCmec types and subtypes were summarized in this review, according to the perspective of the International Working Group on the Classification of Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome Elements.

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Geochemical characterization of hydrocarbon source rocks of the Triassic-Jurassic time interval in the Mandawa basin, southern Tanzania: Implications for petroleum generation potential

South African Journal of Geology ◽

10.25131/sajg.123.0037 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 123 (4) ◽

pp. 587-596

Author(s):

A. Emanuel ◽

C.H. Kasanzu ◽

M. Kagya

Keyword(s):

Source Rocks ◽

Geochemical Data ◽

Time Interval ◽

Type I ◽

Hydrocarbon Generation ◽

Type Ii ◽

Geochemical Characterization ◽

Type Iii ◽

Petroleum Generation

Abstract Triassic to mid-Jurassic core samples of the Mandawa basin, southern Tanzania (western coast of the Indian Ocean), were geochemically analyzed in order to constrain source rock potentials and petroleum generation prospects of different stratigraphic formations within the coastal basin complex. The samples were collected from the Mihambia, Mbuo and Nondwa Formations in the basin. Geochemical characterization of source rocks intersected in exploration wells drilled between 503 to 4042 m below surface yielded highly variable organic matter contents (TOC) rated between fair and very good potential source rocks (0.5 to 8.7 wt%; mean ca. 2.3 wt%). Based on bulk geochemical data obtained in this study, the Mandawa source rocks are mainly Type I, Type II, Type III, mixed Types II/III and Type IV kerogens, with a predominance of Type II, Type III and mixed Type II/III. Based on pyrolysis data (Tmax 417 to 473oC; PI = 0.02 to 0.47; highly variable HI = 13 to 1 000 mg/gTOC; OI = 16 to 225 mg/g; and VR values of between 0.24 to 0.95% Ro) we suggest that the Triassic Mbuo Formation and possibly the mid-Jurassic Mihambia Formation have a higher potential for hydrocarbon generation than the Nondwa Formation as they are relatively thermally mature.

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Role of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced MRI in Characterization of Breast Lesions

Nepalese Journal of Radiology ◽

10.3126/njr.v4i1.11366 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 23-33

Author(s):

P Issar ◽

SK Issar

Keyword(s):

Benign Lesion ◽

Breast Lesions ◽

Type I ◽

Type Ii ◽

Type Iii ◽

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced ◽

Contrast Enhanced ◽

Malignant Lesions

Purpose: To assess the role of Dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in characterization of breast lesions and to differentiate benign from malignant lesions on the basis of their morphology and enhancement kinetics. Material and Methods: Sixty patients referred to the department of Radiodiagnosis for breast MRI over a period of twenty months were included. Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed to differentiate breast lesions on the basis of morphology and enhancement kinetics. The lesions were classified accordingly into type I (progressive enhancement) Type II (plateau) and Type III (washout) kinetics. Morphology and curves of benign and malignant lesions were compared. Result: fifty one benign lesions were detected in 32 patients and 29 malignant lesions were seen in 22 patients, whereas six patients showed normal MRI. It was found that benign lesion were round or oval in shape with well circumscribed margin and showed homogenous contrast enhancement whereas malignant lesions were irregular with spiculated margin and showed heterogenous contrast enhancement. The distribution curve types of benign lesion were Type I (81.25%-26cases), Type II (18.25%-6cases). For malignant lesions Type I (4.54%-1case), Type II (22.72%-5cases) and Type III (72.72%-16cases). Conclusion: The shape of the time- signal intensity curve were an important criteria in differentiating benign from malignant lesions in dynamic breast MR imaging. A type III time curve is a strong indicator of malignancy and is independent of other criteria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njr.v4i1.11366 Nepalese Journal of Radiology, Vol.4(1) 2014: 23-33

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The Characterization of mecA Gene and SCCmec Typing in Clinical Samples of MRSA

Science Letters ◽

10.24191/sl.v13i2.7866 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Ali Jawad ◽

Aziyah Abdul Aziz

Keyword(s):

Methicillin Resistance ◽

Sccmec Type ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Type I ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Type Iii ◽

Sccmec Typing ◽

Type Iv

MRSA is a major pathogen worldwide and its infections are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, in comparison with other S. aureus infections. The study was designed to characterize the mecA gene and staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCCmec) in methicillin resistance S. aureus (MRSA). A total of 20 presumptive S. aureus strains were collected from one of the teaching hospitals in Selangor. Using standard biochemical tests, all the isolates were verified as S. aureus. When tested against cefoxitin, 80% of the isolates were confirmed as MRSA. All the MRSA isolates were further subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of mecA gene. Nine out of the 16 MRSA isolates (56%) were mecA positive, whereas the remaining four were mecA negative. The 16 MRSA with positive mecA gene were further subjected to SCCmec typing of type I, II, III, IV and V. The most frequent SCCmec types were type III (56%) followed by type II (33%), and type IV (11%). None of the isolates were of SCCmec type I or V. Our study indicates that SCCmec type III is predominant among the isolates which is in agreement with other studies conducted on clinical strains of MRSA.

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