Knowledge about the importance of antenatal care among females of child bearing age living in a suburban community of Lahore

Background and Objectives: During the past few decades, females had been making conscious decision to have antenatal checkup from skilled health care provider due to improved education which had played a vital role to enhance their awareness regarding the importance of this comprehensive health service. The objective was to find out the perception of females of child bearing age about the importance of antenatal care during their last pregnancy, living in a suburban community of Kot-Lakhodare Lahore. Methods: Females of reproductive age (15-49 years) living in Kot-Lakhodare were enrolled. Through a structured questionnaire, using convenient sampling technique, 1224 females of childbearing were interviewed through a cross sectional survey. The study was completed between January till August 2016. Question pertaining to their sociodemographic characteristics, perception about the importance of antenatal care services and comorbid conditions during the last pregnancy were asked. Data was analyzed by using SPSS version 21. The ethical approval both institutional and individual were duly taken. Results: Mean age was 32 ±7.8SD years with education up to primary. Three quarter of females were un- employed with monthly income less than rupees 25,000 / month. All females 869(73%) who had perception about importance of antenatal checkup during their last pregnancy had no history of anemia, hypertension, diabetes and abortion (p<0.05). These females coming for the antenatal checkup delivered uneventfully by normal vaginal route and preferred government and private hospital for delivery and were vaccinated against Tetanus Toxoid (p<0.05). Conclusion: The females of child bearing age during the last pregnancy had adequate knowledge about the importance of antenatal care which played an important role in prevention of comorbid conditions like anemia, hypertension, diabetes and risk of abortion. Moreover, they had the perception of importance of institutionalized deliveries, tetanus Toxoid vaccination coverage during pregnancy. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.1256 How to cite this:Ahmed H, Manzoor I. Knowledge about the importance of antenatal care among females of child bearing age living in a suburban community of Lahore. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.1256 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Determinants of Antenatal Care Attendance among Pregnant Women Living in Endemic Malaria Settings: Experience from the Democratic Republic of Congo

Obstetrics and Gynecology International ◽

10.1155/2016/5423413 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Célestin Ndosimao Nsibu ◽

Célestin Manianga ◽

Serge Kapanga ◽

Esther Mona ◽

Philippe Pululu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

Male Partner ◽

First Trimester ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Republic Of Congo

Background. Antenatal care (ANC) attendance helps pregnant women to benefit from preventive and curative services.Methods. Determinants for ANC attendance were identified through a cross-sectional survey in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Sociocultural bottlenecks were assessed via focus groups discussion of married men and women.Results. In this survey, 28 of the 500 interviewed pregnant women (5.6%) did not attend ANC services and 82.4% booked over the first trimester. The first visit is positively influenced by the reproductive age (OR: 0.52, 95% CI(0.28–0.95),p<0.04), the educational level (OR: 0.41,95% CI(0.17–0.97),p<0.04), the nearby health center (OR: 0.43, 95% CI(0.2–0.92),p<0.03), and the presence of a male partner (OR: 10.48, 95% CI(2.1–52.23),p<0.001). The barriers to early booking were (i) the cost of service; (ii) the appearance or individual income; (iii) the geographical inaccessibility or distance to health facilities; (iv) social and religious prohibitions; (v) the stigmatization from other women when conceiving in the late ages or young or while still lactating (parity); (vi) the time for waiting for services.Conclusion. The early ANC attendance is delayed among poor women with little education and living alone.

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Factors associated with level of birth preparedness among pregnant mothers at Kerugoya county referral hospital

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174808 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (11) ◽

pp. 3998

Author(s):

Olive W. Karimi ◽

Mary W. Murigi ◽

Anne Pertet ◽

Careena O. Odawa

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Birth Preparedness ◽

Maternal Child Health ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Awareness Campaigns

Background: Birth preparedness is the advance preparation made by an expectant mother which ensures access to skilled care. In Africa, the risk of pregnancy related deaths is 300 times more than in the developed world. In Kenya, out of 10 expectant mothers who access antenatal care services only 4 deliver in a health facility.Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study conducted at outpatient Maternal Child Health and Family Planning Clinic at Kerugoya County Hospital. The study utilized convenience sampling technique to determine the study population. The research instruments were an In-depth interview guide and semi-structured questionnaires. Data was managed using SPSS and analysis done using descriptive statistics and Chi-square tests. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: A sample of 202 women participated in the study. 47.5% of the participants were adequately prepared for birth. Having a higher level of education was significantly associated with birth preparedness (p=0.021). The number of children per woman had a significant influence on level of birth preparedness with women who had no children less likely to be prepared for birth compared to those with one or more children (p=0.002). Clients who attended Antenatal Care (ANC) at least 3 times were prepared for birth compared to those who visited either once or twice (p=0.027).Conclusions: Overall, women of reproductive age lack birth preparedness. There is therefore need to enhance birth preparedness awareness campaigns at ANC visits targeting women in their third trimester.

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Desire to Limit Childbearing and Its Associated Factors Among Married Women: Findings From A Cross-Sectional Survey In Karachi, Pakistan

10.21203/rs.3.rs-78182/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Shama Razzaq ◽

Saleem Jessani ◽

Sumera Aziz Ali ◽

Zahid Abbsai ◽

Sarah Saleem

Keyword(s):

Family Size ◽

Wealth Quintile ◽

Median Number ◽

Married Women ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Squatter Settlements ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Child Bearing

Abstract Background: Increasing population growth and uneven distribution of scarce resources is a hurdle for country’s economic growth. Hence, we aim to determine desire to limit child bearing and factors associated with limiting child bearing among currently married women aged 15 to 49 years residing in squatter settlements of Karachi, Pakistan. Methods:A multistage cluster, cross sectional survey was conducted in randomly selected households of urban squatter settlements of Karachi. A total of 4,485 married, non-pregnant, were interviewed using a structured questionnaire and adapted Operational framework of “Pullum 1980” to determine potential factors associated with limiting family size. Outcome of interest was defined as a desire to limit childbearing among married women of reproductive age group. Multivariable regression was performed using SPSS version 13.0. Results:The median age of participants was 30 years (IQR 25-35 years) and the median number of living children was 3 (IQR 2-4). Of 4485 women, 2109 (47%) expressed desire to limit childbearing in future. Multivariable logistic regression showed that women of 18 to 27 years and 28 to 37 years (AOR 0.25, 95% CI: 0.19-0.39 and AOR 0.39, 95% CI: 0.22-0.47 respectively), illiterate (AOR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.21-0.53), and low wealth quintile (AOR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.25-0.57), not using any contraceptive method (AOR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.44 to 0.63), sons less than daughters (AOR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.62-0.87), were less likely to limit childbearing. Women who practiced autonomy (AOR 1.25, 95% CI: 1.08-1.41) and perceived ideal family size as ≤ 2 children (AOR 2.62, 95% CI: 2.07-3.32) were more likely to limit childbearing.Conclusion:Age, education, low wealth quintile, having sons, autonomy and usage of contraceptives were determining factors of women’s desire for limiting childbearing. Behavior modification strategies should be devised to modify fertility intentions among women to increase contraceptive use and fertility decline.

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Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women of reproductive age in Kenya and Tanzania: a community-based cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-43681/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James Orwa ◽

Samwel Maina Gatimu ◽

Michaela Mantel ◽

Stanley Luchters ◽

Micheal A. Mugerwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Birth Preparedness ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Complication Readiness ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Danger Signs

Abstract Background: Delayed health-seeking continues to contribute to preventable maternal and neonatal deaths in low resource countries. Some of the strategies to avoid the delay include early preparation for the birth and detection of danger signs. We aimed to assess the level of practice and factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) in Kenya and Tanzania.Methods: We conducted community-based multi-stage cross-sectional surveys in Kilifi and Kisii counties in Kenya and Mwanza region in Tanzania and included women who delivered two years preceding the survey (2016–2017). A woman who mentioned at least three out of five BPCR components was considered well-prepared. Bivariate and multivariable proportional odds model were used to determine the factors associated with the BPCR. The STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies informed the design and reporting of this study.Results: Only 11.4% (59/519) and 7.6% (31/409) of women were well-prepared for birth and its complications in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively, while 39.7% and 30.6% were unprepared, respectively. Level of education (primary: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.20, secondary: aOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.39–3.59), delivery within health facility (aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15–2.29), good knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.80–2.04), labour and childbirth (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.93–2.67), postpartum (aOR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.24–5.79), and antenatal care were associated with BPCR (aOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13–1.78).Conclusion: Overall, most pregnant women were not prepared for birth and its complications in Kilifi, Kisii and Mwanza region. Improving level of education, creating awareness on danger signs during preconception, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period, and encouraging antenatal care and skilled birth care among women and their male partners/families are recommended strategies to promote BPCR practices and contribute to improved pregnancy outcomes in women and newborns.

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Tetanus Toxoid Immunization Status and Associated Factors among Mothers in Hawzen, Eastern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia, 2019

The Open Public Health Journal ◽

10.2174/1874944502013010281 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 281-288

Author(s):

Meresa Berwo Mengesha ◽

Desta Abraha Weldegeorges ◽

Natnael Etsay Assefa ◽

Senait Gebreslasie Gebremeskel ◽

Hagos Degefa Hidru ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Tetanus Toxoid ◽

Immunization Coverage ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Immunization Status ◽

Eastern Zone ◽

Future Fertility ◽

Tetanus Toxoid Immunization

Background: Neonatal tetanus remains a significant avertable cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. Adequate vaccination strategies, including at least two doses of tetanus toxoid for reproductive age women, can decrease neonatal mortality. In Ethiopia, a few numbers of neonates were protected at birth through this proactive intervention. Therefore, this study aimed to determine factors associated with the low coverage of tetanus toxoid immunization. Objective: This study aimed to determine the status of Tetanus Toxoid immunization coverage and factors associated with it. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study design was implemented among 515 mothers in Hawzen, Eastern zone of Tigray. The data were entered into Epi data manager version 3.5.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 20 software for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify factors significantly associated with tetanus toxoid immunization coverage. Results: Two hundred and seven (40.2%) mothers were protected against tetanus at last birth. Mothers whose age was less than 20 years [AOR 0.19(0.10, 0.32), had no future plan for fertility [AOR 0.30(0.17, 0.53)], mothers attended once for antenatal care visits [AOR 0.38(0.18, 0.82)] and who got information from media [AOR 4.49(1.82, 11.07] were independent predictors of tetanus toxoid immunization status of mothers. Conclusion: More than half of the mothers were not protected against tetanus at the time of last birth. This study found the age of mothers, future fertility plans, numbers of antenatal care visits and mothers who got information from media; these were significant factors associated with the likelihood of tetanus toxoid immunization of mothers.

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Determinants of Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting in Khartoum State - Sudan, 2020: A Cross-Sectional Study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-42443/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mustafa Khidir Mustafa Elnimeiri ◽

Reem Mahmoud Mohamed Abdelbasit ◽

Mohanad Kamaleldin Mahmoud Ibrahim ◽

Dimetry Adel Dimetry Mingaryous ◽

Taqwa Mohieldeen Hamid Abdelrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Parental Education ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Female Genital Cutting ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Genital Mutilation ◽

Female Genital

Abstract Background: Female genital cutting/mutilation (FGC/M) is deeply rooted and widely practiced in Sudan. Although the trend is slowly decreasing, the magnitude is still very high as the procedure has no known benefit but has many consequences. The aim of this study was to identify the causes and the risk factors associated with FGC/M among reproductive-age women in the country.Methods: A community based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 902 women in the reproductive age (15-49) years in Khartoum State-Sudan, sampled proportionate to size using multistage clustering and participants were drawn using systematic probability sampling technique. Data were collected using a standardized administered questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Among 902 women who participated in the study, 89% of were married and 48% of them got married for the first time at age less than 20 years. The commonest age for such practice was 6-7 years as stated by about 48% of them. There is a significant association between educational level of participants and practicing FGC/M among their daughters (P value=.0001) with a tendency of the participants who attained a higher educational levels to less subject their daughters to any form of FGC/M. There is a significant association between the type of FGC/M of participants and the type of FGC/M of their daughters (P value=.001) with a tendency of the participants’ daughters to be subjected to clitorectomy rather than pharaonic. 39% of the participants stated that they themselves influenced the decision to subject their daughters to FGC/M while 32% of them stated that the grandmothers influence such a decision. The study revealed 45% of the participants believed in customs and traditions as the main reason for the conduct of FGC/M.Conclusion: The FGC/M was widely practiced by the participants’ families indicating the deeply rooted practice as a social norm. Parental education is inversely associated with practicing FGC/M to their daughters. The socio-cultural reason was the main cause of practicing FGC/M among participants. Therefore, a significant change in factors such as education, and social development might cause a gradual decline in FGC/M.

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Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Status of Women of child bearing age in Rangamati Pourashava

Mediscope ◽

10.3329/mediscope.v8i1.52203 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 40-44

Author(s):

Nazia Nazneen ◽

Mohammed Nurul Alam ◽

Most Dalia Akhter ◽

Md Shamsur Rahman ◽

Mukta Parveen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vaccination Coverage ◽

Tetanus Toxoid ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Dose Schedule ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccination Status ◽

Awareness Campaign ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Child Bearing ◽

Expanded Program On Immunization

Tetanus Toxoid (TT) is a routine vaccination activity under Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) in Bangladesh. This was a descriptive type of cross-sectional study with a sample size of 110, selected purposively by non-probability sampling technique. Data were collected through a pretested questionnaire. The aim of this study was to assess TT vaccination coverage among the women of child bearing age, Rangamati Pourashava. As per survey, among 110 respondents, 29 (26.4%) were of 15-25 years, 52 (47.3%) were of 26-35 years, 25(22.7%) were of 36-45 years & only 4(3.6%) were of >45years. In this study, the major group, 86(78.2%) were married, 17(15.4%) were unmarried & only 7 (6.4%) were widow. Most of the respondents considered vaccination as the way of disease prevention, so that the coverage being 92 (83.6%) in case of TT vaccination. It was found that 70% women received TT vaccine from Government EPI centers followed by 23.6% from NGO facilities and only6.4% from private clinics. Among the respondents, 56.3% respondents had completed their dose schedule of TT vaccine respectively. Most of the respondents had their vaccination card. The percentage was 70 for TT respectively. Among others, 20% failed to follow it because of forgetfulness of doses and 3.34% because of losing their card. So, TT vaccination coverage among the women of child bearing age was satisfactory but it also suggests that more awareness campaign for vaccination is sensational among the mass people of our country. This study TT vaccination status among women of child bearing age will help to get idea about the woman of our country regarding the situation. Mediscope Vol. 8, No. 1: January 2021, Page 40-44

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Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women of reproductive age in Kenya and Tanzania: a community-based cross-sectional survey

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-020-03329-5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

James Orwa ◽

Samwel Maina Gatimu ◽

Michaela Mantel ◽

Stanley Luchters ◽

Michael A. Mugerwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Birth Preparedness ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Complication Readiness ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Danger Signs

Abstract Background Delayed health-seeking continues to contribute to preventable maternal and neonatal deaths in low resource countries. Some of the strategies to avoid the delay include early preparation for the birth and detection of danger signs. We aimed to assess the level of practice and factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) in Kenya and Tanzania. Methods We conducted community-based multi-stage cross-sectional surveys in Kilifi and Kisii counties in Kenya and Mwanza region in Tanzania and included women who delivered two years preceding the survey (2016–2017). A woman who mentioned at least three out of five BPCR components was considered well-prepared. Bivariate and multivariable proportional odds model were used to determine the factors associated with the BPCR. The STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies informed the design and reporting of this study. Results Only 11.4% (59/519) and 7.6% (31/409) of women were well-prepared for birth and its complications in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively, while 39.7 and 30.6% were unprepared, respectively. Level of education (primary: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.20, secondary: aOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.39–3.59), delivery within health facility (aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15–2.29), good knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.80–2.04), labour and childbirth (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.93–2.67), postpartum (aOR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.24–5.79), and antenatal care were associated with BPCR (aOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13–1.78). Conclusion Overall, most pregnant women were not prepared for birth and its complications in Kilifi, Kisii and Mwanza region. Improving level of education, creating awareness on danger signs during preconception, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period, and encouraging antenatal care and skilled birth care among women and their male partners/families are recommended strategies to promote BPCR practices and contribute to improved pregnancy outcomes in women and newborns.

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Awareness on presentation of obstetric fistula and associated factors among reproductive age women in south eastern zone of tigray,ethiopia,2020.cross sectional study

10.21203/rs.3.rs-966802/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Berhane Teklay Asfaha ◽

Haftu Berhe Gebru ◽

Desta Siyoum Belay ◽

Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel

Keyword(s):

Obstetric Fistula ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

South Eastern ◽

Reproductive Age Women ◽

Eastern Zone

Abstract Background Worldwide, around one million girls and women are currently living with fistula. Less than 20,000 women with obstetric fistula are treated each year. Lack of awareness is a frequently mentioned barrier to seeking fistula treatment; many women suffering from obstetric fistula do not know what fistula is, as it is treatable, or where to get treatment. Even though obstetric fistula has likely weighed down women since the beginning of time, few researches proportionally exists. Methods A community based quantitative cross-sectional survey was undertaken in south eastern zone of Tigray. A multistage random sampling technique was implemented to select total participants of 605 reproductive age women. Two districts were randomly selected and from those districts, 12 kebels were selected randomly and the calculated sample size (605) was proportionally allocated to each selected kebeles. The data were collected by using face to face/interview with structured questionnaire from February 26-March 24/2020 after ensuring that all requirements of ethical considerations were fulfilled. The collected data were entered in to Epidata version 4.2 then exported to SPSS version20 for analysis. Descriptive statistics with frequency, percentage, table and graph and cross tabulation were used for presentation of result. Bivariable and multivariable analysis were used to examine the association. Odds ratios with 95% confidence interval and P-value <0.05 were used to determine the statistical association. Result Overall, about 31.6% of respondents had good awareness on presentation of obstetric fistula. The major determinant factors identified to awareness on presentation of obstetric fistula were educational level (above secondary)[AOR(95%CI=2.9(1.42-9.6)],history of institutional delivery (for the index child)[AOR (95%CI=4.1(1.76-9.56)] and having prior information about obstetric fistula[AOR (95%CI=2.2(1.01-4.75)]. Conclusion In this study majority of reproductive age women in the study area had poor awareness regarding presentation of obstetric fistula. Several interventions like health education and information should be implemented to enhance the awareness of the community towards obstetric fistula.

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Birth preparedness and complication readiness among women of reproductive age in Kenya and Tanzania: a community-based cross-sectional survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-43681/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

James Orwa ◽

Samwel Maina Gatimu ◽

Michaela Mantel ◽

Stanley Luchters ◽

Micheal A. Mugerwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Birth Preparedness ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Community Based ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Complication Readiness ◽

Level Of Education ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Danger Signs

Abstract Introduction: Delayed health-seeking continues to contribute to preventable maternal and neonatal deaths in low resource countries. Some of the strategies to avoid the delay include early preparation for the birth and detection of danger signs. We aimed to assess the level of practice and factors associated with birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) in Kenya and Tanzania.Methods: We conducted community-based multi-stage cross-sectional surveys in Kilifi and Kisii counties in Kenya and Mwanza region in Tanzania and included women who delivered two years preceding the survey (2016–2017). A woman who mentioned at least three out of five BPCR components was considered well-prepared. Bivariate and multivariable proportional odds model were used to determine the factors associated with the BPCR. The STROBE guidelines for cross-sectional studies informed the design and reporting of this study.Results: Only 11.4% (59/519) and 7.6% (31/409) of women were well-prepared for birth and its complications in Kenya and Tanzania, respectively, while 39.7% and 30.6% were unprepared, respectively. Level of education (primary: adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.59, 95% CI: 1.14–2.20, secondary: aOR: 2.24, 95% CI: 1.39–3.59), delivery within health facility (aOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.15–2.29), good knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy (aOR: 1.28, 95% CI: 0.80–2.04), labour and childbirth (aOR: 1.57, 95% CI: 0.93–2.67), postpartum (aOR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.24–5.79), and antenatal care were associated with BPCR (aOR: 1.42, 95% CI: 1.13–1.78).Conclusion: Overall, most pregnant women were not prepared for birth and its complications in Kilifi, Kisii and Mwanza region. Improving level of education, creating awareness on danger signs during preconception, pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum period, and encouraging antenatal care and skilled birth care among women and their male partners/families are recommended strategies to promote BPCR practices and contribute to improved pregnancy outcomes in women and newborns.

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