Current Research Progress of Polygala tenuifolia on Pharmacological Activities in the Central Nervous System

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the role of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) in the treatment of glioma, which is the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system. Methods: A total of 82 patients were included in this study, with 27 cases in the control group and 55 cases in the glioma group; the expressions of SphK2 and gp130 in the two groups were compared by immunohistochemical method, and the correlation between the two factors was analyzed. Results: Both SphK2 and gp130 were upregulated in the glioma group, and the two factors were significantly correlated. Conclusion: The high expression of SphK2 may play an important role in the occurrence, development, and diagnosis of glioma.

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Research Progress on Chemical Constituents of Acorus tatarinowii schott and Their Pharmacological Activities on Central Nervous System

Pharmacy Information ◽

10.12677/pi.2017.65022 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 06 (05) ◽

pp. 133-141

Author(s):

洁杨

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Research Progress ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Acorus Tatarinowii

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Piper methysticum G. Forst (Piperaceae) in the central nervous system: phytochemistry, pharmacology and mechanism of action

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v10i12.20479 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. e216101220479

Author(s):

Patrícia e Silva Alves ◽

Felipe Pereira da Silva Santos ◽

Ana Paula Rodrigues ◽

Leandro Sousa Dias ◽

Giovanna Carvalho da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Herbal Medicines ◽

Piper Methysticum ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Continuous Increase ◽

Synthetic Drugs ◽

Action Mechanisms ◽

Kava Kava ◽

The Central Nervous System

Due to the continuous increase in incidents of diseases and disorders in the central nervous system as neurodegenerative disease, the growth of studies that seek to use herbal medicines has been observed, since these are more easily produced and more economically viable, in addition to having side effects to a lesser extent when compared to existing synthetic drugs. In this way, a wide variety of plants have been analyzed for their medicinal purposes and this review presents papers published from 1970 to 2021 that describe the chemical composition pharmacological activities and elucidates mechanisms of action in the central nervous system (CNS) of the species Piper methysticum (Kava-kava). The Kava-kava has a class of compounds that include tannins, alkaloids, benzoic acid, cinnamic acid, sugars, bornyl-cinnamate, stigmasterol, flavocavaines, mucilages, pyrones, tetrahydroiangonins, phytochemicals that are responsible for the pharmacological activities of this plant being thus more studied as anxiolytic, sedative and neuroprotection. Some action mechanisms that describe the performance of kava in the CNS were also addressed, Being the main ones related to blocking of sodium and calcium ion channels, modulation of the erythroid 2 pathway, to receptors such as γ-aminobutyric acid, glutamatergics, glycine and cannabinoid, as well as monoamine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase enzymes, in addition to neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine. Therefore, this study aims to open new paths for more in-depth pharmacological studies on Kava-kava, and its use in the central nervous system.

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Research Progress About Glioma Stem Cells in the Immune Microenvironment of Glioma

Frontiers in Pharmacology ◽

10.3389/fphar.2021.750857 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Xiangyu Li ◽

Ming Liu ◽

Junfeng Zhao ◽

Tong Ren ◽

Xin Yan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stem Cells ◽

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Tumor Progression ◽

Tumor Recurrence ◽

Research Progress ◽

Glioma Stem Cells ◽

Immune Microenvironment ◽

Primary Tumors ◽

The Central Nervous System

Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier and its unique regional immune characteristics, the study of the immune microenvironment of gliomas is particularly important. Glioma stem cells are an important cause of initiating glioma, promoting tumor progression and leading to tumor recurrence. Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting glioma stem cells have become the focus of current research. This paper will focus on the research progress of glioma stem cells in the immune microenvironment of glioma to provide the basis for the immunotherapy of glioma.

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Research Progress on the Neuroprotective Effect of Leonurine on Ischemic Stroke

Proceedings of Anticancer Research ◽

10.26689/par.v5i6.2777 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 83-85

Author(s):

Honglong Wu ◽

Long He ◽

Zhifen Tan ◽

Meikui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Ischemic Stroke ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Neuroprotective Effect ◽

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

Research Progress ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Clinical Drugs ◽

Main Component

Leonurus is one of the commonly used clinical drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, leonurus has been widely used for cerebrovascular diseases. With the deepening of research, the effect of its main component, leonurine, on the central nervous system has become clearer, and its mechanism has been confirmed and explained from many aspects. For reference, this paper discusses the latest research on the neuroprotective effect of leonurine on ischemic stroke at home and abroad in recent years.

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Research Progress in the Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Invigoration on Neurotransmitter Related Diseases

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2018/4642018 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiting Zhang ◽

Lin Li ◽

Ting Chen ◽

Zuoyan Sun ◽

Weiwei Tang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Clinical Practice ◽

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Present Report ◽

Aminobutyric Acid ◽

Research Progress ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Perimenopausal Syndrome

Tonic traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in clinical practice and is categorized into four main drugs, namely, Qi-supplementing, Blood-enriching, Yin-nourishing, and Yang-tonifying. Neurotransmitters play a coordinating role in the nervous system, visceral function, and stress response. The excitation or suppression of the central nervous system is closely related to various diseases, such as insomnia, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and perimenopausal syndrome. An increasing amount of evidence shows that Chinese tonic herb and its active ingredients can delay the occurrence and development of these diseases by modulating related neurotransmitters and their receptors, including norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the present report, studies on the treatment of these neurotransmitter related diseases in relation to the application of tonic Chinese medicine are reviewed.

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Uptake in the Central Nervous System of Geraniol Oil Encapsulated in Chitosan Oleate Following Nasal and Oral Administration

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics11030106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 106 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Maria Bonferoni ◽

Luca Ferraro ◽

Barbara Pavan ◽

Sarah Beggiato ◽

Elena Cavalieri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Nervous System ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Amphiphilic Polymer ◽

Nasal Administration ◽

Dispersed Phase ◽

Pharmacological Activities ◽

Mean Diameter ◽

The Central Nervous System

The pharmacological activities of geraniol include anticancer and neuroprotective properties. However, its insolubility in water easily induces separation from aqueous formulations, causing administration difficulties. Here we propose new emulsified formulations of geraniol by using the amphiphilic polymer chitosan-oleate (CS-OA) as surfactant to combine mucoadhesive and absorption enhancer properties with stabilization effects on the oil dispersion. The formulation based on CS-OA 2% (w/w) (G-CS-OA-2.0%) showed viscosity values compatible with oral and nasal administration to rats, and mean diameter of the dispersed phase of 819 ± 104 nm. G-CS-OA-2.0% oral administration sensibly increases the geraniol bioavailability with respect to coarse emulsions obtained without CS-OA (AUC values in the bloodstream were 42,713 ± 1553 µg∙mL−1∙min and 2158 ± 82 µg∙mL−1∙min following administration of 50 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg, respectively), and enhances the aptitude of geraniol to reach the central nervous system from the bloodstream (AUC values in the cerebrospinal fluid were 7293 ± 408 µg∙mL−1∙min and 399 ± 25 µg∙mL−1∙min after oral administration of 50 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg, respectively). Moreover, relevant geraniol amounts were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid following the G-CS-OA-2% nasal administration (AUC values in the cerebrospinal fluid were 10,778 ± 477 µg∙mL−1∙min and 5571 ± 290 µg∙mL−1∙min after nasal administration of 4 mg/kg or 1 mg/kg, respectively).

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