scholarly journals Research progress on the NLRP3 inflammasome and its role in the central nervous system

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 779-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen-Bin Liu ◽  
Wen-Li Mi ◽  
Yan-Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Research Progress on the Effect of Sphingosine Kinase 2 on Glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Chunpeng Wang ◽  
Xiaohui Liu ◽  
Shiwen Guo
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase ◽  
Immunohistochemical Method ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sphingosine Kinase 2 ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Objective: The purpose of this study is to explore the role of sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) in the treatment of glioma, which is the most common primary tumor in the central nervous system. Methods: A total of 82 patients were included in this study, with 27 cases in the control group and 55 cases in the glioma group; the expressions of SphK2 and gp130 in the two groups were compared by immunohistochemical method, and the correlation between the two factors was analyzed. Results: Both SphK2 and gp130 were upregulated in the glioma group, and the two factors were significantly correlated. Conclusion: The high expression of SphK2 may play an important role in the occurrence, development, and diagnosis of glioma.

scholarly journals By Regulating the NLRP3 Inflammasome Can Reduce the Release of Inflammatory Factors in the Co-Culture Model of Tuberculosis H37Ra Strain and Rat Microglia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Xie ◽  
Hao Hui ◽  
Qian Yao ◽  
Yan Duan ◽  
Wu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Tuberculosis Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Culture Model ◽  
The Central Nervous System

ObjectiveTuberculosis infection of the Central Nervous System can cause severe inflammation in microglia, and NLRP3 inflammasome is also an important source of inflammation in microglia. Therefore, in this study, we used a co-culture model of rat microglia and tuberculosis H37Ra strain to explore the influence of tuberculosis infection on the NLRP3 inflammasome in microglia and its regulation mechanism.MethodsWe cultured primary microglia from SD rats and co-cultured with tuberculosis H37Ra strain for 4 hours to establish a co-culture model. At the same time, MCC950, Z-YVAD-FMK, BAY-11-7082, Dexamethasone, RU486, BzATP, BBG and extracellular high potassium environment were used to intervene the co-cultivation process. Subsequently, western blot, real-time PCR, ELISA and other methods were used to detect the changes of NLRP3 inflammasome-related molecules in microglia.ResultsAfter co-cultivation, the NLRP3 inflammasomes in microglia were activated and released a large amount of IL-18 and IL-1β. By regulating NLRP3 inflammasome complex, caspase-1, NF-κB and P2X7R during the co-culture process, it could effectively reduce the release of IL-18 and IL-1β, and the mortality of microglia.ConclusionOur results indicate that the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway is an important part of the inflammatory response of microglia caused by tuberculosis infection. By intervening the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, it can significantly reduce the inflammatory response and mortality of microglia during the tuberculosis H37Ra strain infection. This research can help us further understand the inflammatory response mechanism of the central nervous system during tuberculosis infection and improve its treatment.

scholarly journals Research Progress About Glioma Stem Cells in the Immune Microenvironment of Glioma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyu Li ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Junfeng Zhao ◽  
Tong Ren ◽  
Xin Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Tumor Recurrence ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Glioma Stem Cells ◽  
Immune Microenvironment ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier and its unique regional immune characteristics, the study of the immune microenvironment of gliomas is particularly important. Glioma stem cells are an important cause of initiating glioma, promoting tumor progression and leading to tumor recurrence. Immunotherapeutic strategies targeting glioma stem cells have become the focus of current research. This paper will focus on the research progress of glioma stem cells in the immune microenvironment of glioma to provide the basis for the immunotherapy of glioma.

scholarly journals Research Progress on the Neuroprotective Effect of Leonurine on Ischemic Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 83-85
Author(s):  
Honglong Wu ◽  
Long He ◽  
Zhifen Tan ◽  
Meikui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Drugs ◽  
Main Component

Leonurus is one of the commonly used clinical drugs in traditional Chinese medicine. In recent years, leonurus has been widely used for cerebrovascular diseases. With the deepening of research, the effect of its main component, leonurine, on the central nervous system has become clearer, and its mechanism has been confirmed and explained from many aspects. For reference, this paper discusses the latest research on the neuroprotective effect of leonurine on ischemic stroke at home and abroad in recent years.

scholarly journals Research Progress in the Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Invigoration on Neurotransmitter Related Diseases

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiting Zhang ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
Ting Chen ◽  
Zuoyan Sun ◽  
Weiwei Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Chinese Medicine ◽  
Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽  
Present Report ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Perimenopausal Syndrome

Tonic traditional Chinese medicine is widely used in clinical practice and is categorized into four main drugs, namely, Qi-supplementing, Blood-enriching, Yin-nourishing, and Yang-tonifying. Neurotransmitters play a coordinating role in the nervous system, visceral function, and stress response. The excitation or suppression of the central nervous system is closely related to various diseases, such as insomnia, depression, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and perimenopausal syndrome. An increasing amount of evidence shows that Chinese tonic herb and its active ingredients can delay the occurrence and development of these diseases by modulating related neurotransmitters and their receptors, including norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), dopamine (DA), acetylcholine (ACh), and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In the present report, studies on the treatment of these neurotransmitter related diseases in relation to the application of tonic Chinese medicine are reviewed.

scholarly journals Efficient control of Japanese encephalitis virus in the central nervous system of infected pigs occurs in the absence of a pronounced inflammatory immune response

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Redant ◽  
Herman W. Favoreel ◽  
Kai Dallmeier ◽  
Willem Van Campe ◽  
Nick De Regge
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Encephalitis Virus ◽  
Virus Spread ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Abstract Background Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in Asia. JEV infection of mice and humans can lead to an uncontrolled inflammatory response in the central nervous system (CNS), resulting in a detrimental outcome. Pigs act as important amplification and reservoir hosts, and JEV infection of pigs is mostly subclinical. Information on virus spread in the CNS and immune responses controlling JEV infection in the CNS of pigs, however remains scarce. Methods Nine-week-old pigs were inoculated intranasal or intradermal with a relevant dose of 105 TCID50 of JEV genotype 3 Nakayama strain. Clinical signs were assessed daily, and viral spread was followed by RT-qPCR. mRNA expression profiles were determined to study immune responses in the CNS. Results Besides a delay of 2 days to reach the peak viremia upon intranasal compared to intradermal inoculation, the overall virus spread via both inoculation routes was highly similar. JEV appearance in lymphoid and visceral organs was in line with a blood-borne JEV dissemination. JEV showed a particular tropism to the CNS but without the induction of neurological signs. JEV entry in the CNS probably occurred via different hematogenous and neuronal pathways, but replication in the brain was mostly efficiently suppressed and associated with a type I IFN-independent activation of OAS1 expression. In the olfactory bulb and thalamus, where JEV replication was not completely controlled by this mechanism, a short but strong induction of chemokine gene expression was detected. An increased IFNy expression was simultaneously observed, probably originating from infiltrating T cells, correlating with a fast suppression of JEV replication. The chemokine response was however not associated with the induction of a strong inflammatory response, nor was an induction of the NLRP3 inflammasome observed. Conclusions These findings indicate that an adequate antiviral response and an attenuated inflammatory response contribute to a favorable outcome of JEV infection in pigs and help to explain the limited neurological disease compared to other hosts. We show that the NLRP3 inflammasome, a key mediator of neurologic disease in mice, is not upregulated in pigs, further supporting its important role in JEV infections.

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