scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of Campylobacter spp. isolated from broiler flocks in southern Greece

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Γεώργιος Νάτσος
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Southern Greece ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Μια διατμηματική μελέτη πραγματοποιήθηκε για να υπολογιστεί ο επιπολασμός και οι παράγοντες επικινδυνότητας της μόλυνσης των σμηνών κρεοπαραγωγής και των σφαγίων τους με Campylobacter spp. στα πτηνοσφαγεία της Ελλάδας. Επιπλέον, ελέγχθηκε η αντιμικροβιακή αντοχή των απομονωθέντων στελεχών Campylobacter από το περιεχόμενο των τυφλών εντέρων και του δέρματος του λαιμού σε 7 αντιμικροβιακούς παράγοντες (ναλιδιξικό οξύ, σιπροφλοξασίνη, ερυθρομυκίνη, τετρακυκλίνη, γενταμυκίνη, στρεπτομυκίνη και αμπικιλλίνη). Τέλος, πραγματοποιήθηκε αλληλούχιση του γoνιδίου flaA για την υποτυποποίηση 62 στελεχών C. jejuni και 58 στελεχών C. coli και κατασκευάστηκαν φυλογενετικά δέντρα χρησιμοποιώντας τη μέθοδο σύνδεσης γειτόνων για να μελετηθούν οι εξελικτικές τους σχέσεις.Για μια περίοδο 14 μηνών, πραγματοποιήθηκε σειρά δειγματοληψιών 10 τυφλών εντέρων και 5 δερμάτων λαιμού από σφάγια ορνιθίων κρεοπαραγωγής για κάθε μία από τις 142 παρτίδες που σφάχτηκαν σε 3 διαφορετικά σφαγεία. Ακολούθησε συλλογή πληροφοριών σχετικά με τους πιθανούς παράγοντες επικινδυνότητας για τη μόλυνση των ορνιθίων κρεοπαραγωγής με Campylobacter ύστερα από συνέντευξη που έλαβε χώρα στις πτηνοτροφικές μονάδες από τις οποίες προέρχονταν τα πουλερικά με τη χρήση ειδικά σχεδιασμένου ερωτηματολογίου, και αυτά τα δεδομένα συσχετίστηκαν με την παρουσία Campylobacter στα σμήνη κρεοπαραγωγής και τις διαφορές στα χαρακτηριστικά των εκτροφών και τις διαχειριστικές πρακτικές που ακολουθούνταν.Aπομονώθηκαν Campylobacter spp. από το 73.94% των τυφλών (95% ΔΕ 65.92-80.94) και το 70.42% των δερμάτων λαιμού (95% ΔΕ 62.19-77.78), αντίστοιχα. Βρέθηκε στατιστικώς σημαντική συσχέτιση (p < 0.001) μεταξύ της παρουσίας των Campylobacter spp. στα τυφλά και τη μόλυνση του δέρματος των σφαγίων, υποδεικνύοντας τη διάδοση του μικροοργανισμού στο δέρμα των σφαγίων κατά τη διαδικασία της σφαγής. Δύο διαφορετικά είδη Campylobacter (C. jejuni, C. coli) ανακτήθηκαν, ενώ το C. coli ήταν το επικρατέστερο είδος που εντοπίστηκε τόσο στα τυφλά όσο και στα δείγματα δέρματος λαιμού.Μια πολλαπλή ανάλυση παλινδρόμησης έδειξε ότι η απολύμανση των υποστατικών από μη εξειδικευμένο προσωπικό (OR 1⁄4 = 3.983) αποτελεί στατιστικώς σημαντικό παράγοντα επικινδυνότητας (p < 0.05) , ενώ η χρήση αχύρου ως στρωμνή (OR 1⁄4 = 0.170) και το κλείσιμο των παραθύρων κατά τη διάρκεια του υγειονομικού κενού μεταξύ των παραγωγικών κύκλων (OR 1⁄4 = 0.396) αποτελούν στατιστικώς σημαντικούς προστατευτικούς παράγοντες (p < 0.05) για τη μόλυνση των σμηνών κρεοπαραγωγής με Campylobacter.Συνολικά 98.5% των απομονωθέντων στελεχών βρέθηκαν ανθεκτικοί σε τουλάχιστον έναν αντιμικροβιακό παράγοντα. Όσον αφορά την πολυανθεκτικότητα, 11.7% των στελεχών βρέθηκαν ανθεκτικά σε τρεις ή περισσότερες ομάδες αντιμικροβιακών. Ανιχνεύθηκε εξαιρετικά υψηλή αντοχή στις φλουοροκινολόνες (89%), πολύ υψηλή αντοχή στην τετρακυκλίνη (69%) και χαμηλή αντοχή στα μακρολίδια (7%).Δεν παρατηρήθηκε επικράτηση συγκεκριμένου τύπου flaA, γεγονός που υποδεικνύει τη γενετική ποικιλομορφία των απομονωθέντων στελεχών, ενώ ορισμένοι τύποι flaA βρέθηκαν να παρουσιάζουν παρόμοιο προφίλ αντιμικροβιακής αντοχής. Επτά ομάδες (clusters) στο φυλογενετικό δέντρο των C. jejuni και τρεις ομάδες στο δέντρο των C. coli θεωρήθηκαν στατιστικώς σημαντικές με τιμές bootstrap > 75%. Ορισμένα στελέχη που ομαδοποιήθηκαν μαζί βρέθηκε ότι προέρχονταν από την ίδια ή παρακείμενες εκτροφές, γεγονός που υποδεικνύει μετάδοση μέσω του εργατικού προσωπικού της εκτροφής ή του κοινόχρηστου εξοπλισμού. Τα αποτελέσματα αυτά είναι σημαντικά και βοηθούν στην περαιτέρω κατανόηση της μοριακής επιδημιολογίας και της αντιμικροβιακής αντοχής των Campylobacter spp. που προέρχονται από την πτηνοτροφία στην Ελλάδα.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Resistance, FlaA Sequencing, and Phylogenetic Analysis of Campylobacter Isolates from Broiler Chicken Flocks in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
George Natsos ◽  
Niki K. Mouttotou ◽  
Emmanouil Magiorkinis ◽  
Anastasios Ioannidis ◽  
Maria Magana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Thermophilic Campylobacter ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Human Campylobacteriosis ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Human campylobacteriosis caused by thermophilic Campylobacter species is the most commonly reported foodborne zoonosis. Consumption of contaminated poultry meat is regarded as the main source of human infection. This study was undertaken to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility and the molecular epidemiology of 205 Campylobacter isolates derived from Greek flocks slaughtered in three different slaughterhouses over a 14-month period. A total of 98.5% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antimicrobial agent. In terms of multidrug resistance, 11.7% of isolates were resistant to three or more groups of antimicrobials. Extremely high resistance to fluoroquinolones (89%), very high resistance to tetracycline (69%), and low resistance to macrolides (7%) were detected. FlaA sequencing was performed for the subtyping of 64 C. jejuni and 58 C. coli isolates. No prevalence of a specific flaA type was observed, indicating the genetic diversity of the isolates, while some flaA types were found to share similar antimicrobial resistance patterns. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbor-joining method. Seven clusters of the C. jejuni phylogenetic tree and three clusters of the C. coli tree were considered significant with bootstrap values >75%. Some isolates clustered together were originated from the same or adjacent farms, indicating transmission via personnel or shared equipment. These results are important and help further the understanding of the molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. derived from poultry in Greece.

scholarly journals Impact of Ceftiofur Administration in Steers on the Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Sicun Fan ◽  
Derek Foster ◽  
William G. Miller ◽  
Jason Osborne ◽  
Sophia Kathariou
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Active Drug ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Ceftiofur Hydrochloride ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Bacterial resistance to ceftiofur raises health concerns due to ceftiofur’s extensive veterinary usage and structural similarity with the human antibiotic ceftriaxone. Ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) and ceftiofur hydrochloride (CHCL) are ceftiofur types used therapeutically in cattle, but their potential impacts on Campylobacter prevalence and antimicrobial resistance remain unclear. In this study two groups of steers were each treated with CCFA or CHCL. In vivo active drug concentrations were measured and fecal samples were analyzed for Campylobacter for up to 42 days post-treatment. Following administration, the colonic concentration of ceftiofur initially increased then dropped to pre-treatment levels by day 8. The estimated prevalence of Campylobacter spp. was significantly (p = 0.0009) higher during the first week after CCFA treatment than after CHCL treatment (81.3% vs. 45.2%). Campylobacter jejuni predominated overall, with other Campylobacter spp. mainly identified in the first week after CCFA treatment. No treatment impacts were noted on ceftiofur minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for C. jejuni (10–20 μg/mL). More C. jejuni genotypes were detected in CCFA-treated than CHCL-treated steers. These findings suggest that ceftiofur did not significantly impact Campylobacter prevalence or ceftiofur MIC. However, CHCL may be preferable due to the lower likelihood of temporary increases in Campylobacter prevalence.

Antimicrobial resistance and molecular epidemiology of virulence genes among multi-drug resistant clinical isolates in Iran

Gene Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101281
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Sadr ◽  
Seyed Alireza Fahimzad ◽  
Abdollah Karimi ◽  
Fatemeh Fallah ◽  
Shahnaz Armin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Drug Resistant

scholarly journals Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Clostridioides difficile in Germany, 2014–2019

2021 ◽  
Vol 311 (4) ◽  
pp. 151507
Author(s):  
Ahmed Mohamed Mostafa Abdrabou ◽  
Zia Ul Habib Bajwa ◽  
Alexander Halfmann ◽  
Alexander Mellmann ◽  
Anna Nimmesgern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile

scholarly journals Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Enterococcal Sepsis Outcome Programme (AESOP) Annual Report 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey W Coombs ◽  
Denise A Daley ◽  
Shakeel Mowlaboccus ◽  
Yung Thin Lee ◽  
Stanley Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Annual Report ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Australian Capital Territory ◽  
Ampicillin Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Outcome Programme

From 1 January to 31 December 2018, thirty-six institutions around Australia participated in the Australian Enterococcal Sepsis Outcome Programme (AESOP). The aim of AESOP 2018 was to determine the proportion of enterococcal bacteraemia isolates in Australia that were antimicrobial resistant, and to characterise the molecular epidemiology of the E. faecium isolates. Of the 1,248 unique episodes of bacteraemia investigated, 93.5% were caused by either E. faecalis (54.2%) or E. faecium (39.3%). Ampicillin resistance was not detected in E. faecalis but was detected in 89.4% of E. faecium. Vancomycin non-susceptibility was not detected in E. faecalis but was reported in 45.0% of E. faecium. Overall 49.3% of E. faecium isolates harboured vanA or vanB genes. Of the vanA/vanB positive E. faecium isolates, 52.9% harboured vanA genes and 46.2% vanB genes; 0.8% harboured both vanA and vanB genes. The percentage of E. faecium bacteraemia isolates resistant to vancomycin in Australia is substantially higher than that seen in most European countries. E. faecium consisted of 59 multilocus sequence types (STs) of which 74.4% of isolates were classified into six major STs containing ten or more isolates. All major STs belong to clonal cluster (CC) 17, a major hospital-adapted polyclonal E. faecium cluster. The predominant STs (ST17, ST1424, ST796, ST80, ST1421, and ST262) were found across most regions of Australia. The most predominant clone was ST17 which was identified in all regions except the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. Overall, 55.8% of isolates belonging to the six predominant STs harboured vanA or vanB genes. The AESOP 2018 study has shown that enterococcal bacteraemias in Australia are frequently caused by polyclonal ampicillin-resistant high-level gentamicin-resistant vanA- or vanB-harbouring E. faecium which have limited treatment options.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. in Oklahoma Conventional and Organic Retail Poultry

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesa Noormohamed ◽  
Mohamed K Fakhr
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacteris one of the most important foodborne pathogens that cause bacterial gastroenteritis.This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofCampylobacterin conventional and organic retail poultry samples purchased from grocery stores in Tulsa, Oklahoma.One hundred and fifty six chilled retail chicken samples (85 conventional and 71 organic) and 65 chilled retail conventional turkey samples were collected in this study. The prevalence ofCampylobacterin the conventional chicken samples 32/85 (38%) was higher than in the organic ones 21/71 (30%). The prevalence ofCampylobacterin the conventional turkey samples was 11/65 (17%). Of the 53 positive chicken samples, 42 wereC. jejuni, 8 wereC. coliand three isolates were contaminated with both species. Of the 11 positive turkey samples, 8 containedC. jejuniand 3 harboredC. coliisolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of one hundred and forty nine recoveredCampylobacterisolates (130 chickens and 19 turkeys) towards sixteen antimicrobials was determined. The majority of the recovered turkey isolates (13/19) showed resistance to more than 7 antimicrobials while most of the recovered chicken ones (82/130) were resistant to 5 to 7 antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance was not limited to isolates from conventional sources but was also available in isolates of an organic background and was generally lower inC. jejuniisolates when compared to theC. coliones.

scholarly journals Salmonella enterica in Invasive Lizard from Fernando de Noronha Archipelago: Serotyping, Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2017
Author(s):  
Carlos R. Abrahão ◽  
Luisa Z. Moreno ◽  
Jean C. R. Silva ◽  
Nilson R. Benites ◽  
Carlos E. C. Matajira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Island Population ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Salmonella Infection ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Fernando De Noronha

Salmonella infection can pose serious health issues, especially to children, elders or immunosuppressed humans. Wild populations of reptiles can reach Salmonella prevalence of up to 100% and the direct or indirect transmission from reptiles to humans have been extensively reported. Fernando de Noronha (FN) is an inhabited oceanic archipelago in the northeast coast of Brazil, with an economy based on tourism. The tegu (Salvator merianae) is the largest lizard native to South America and was introduced to the archipelago in the early 20th century. This study determines the prevalence, serotypes, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular epidemiology of Salmonella enterica in the tegu population from FN archipelago. Results show that S. enterica is widely distributed in the FN tegu population, with 43.8% prevalence. The bacteria were isolated from 70.5% of the sampled sites and a total of 15 serotypes were detected in 98 S. enterica isolates. Strains were further classified into 31 genotypes. Recaptured animals presented distinct genotypes in each season, demonstrating a seasonal strain turnover. Most S. enterica isolates from FN tegus presented low antimicrobial resistance. This is possibly due to geographical isolation of the island population, hampering contact with strains from livestock from the continent, where antimicrobial resistance is common.

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