scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. in Oklahoma Conventional and Organic Retail Poultry

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aneesa Noormohamed ◽  
Mohamed K Fakhr
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Campylobacteris one of the most important foodborne pathogens that cause bacterial gastroenteritis.This study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance ofCampylobacterin conventional and organic retail poultry samples purchased from grocery stores in Tulsa, Oklahoma.One hundred and fifty six chilled retail chicken samples (85 conventional and 71 organic) and 65 chilled retail conventional turkey samples were collected in this study. The prevalence ofCampylobacterin the conventional chicken samples 32/85 (38%) was higher than in the organic ones 21/71 (30%). The prevalence ofCampylobacterin the conventional turkey samples was 11/65 (17%). Of the 53 positive chicken samples, 42 wereC. jejuni, 8 wereC. coliand three isolates were contaminated with both species. Of the 11 positive turkey samples, 8 containedC. jejuniand 3 harboredC. coliisolates. The antimicrobial susceptibility of one hundred and forty nine recoveredCampylobacterisolates (130 chickens and 19 turkeys) towards sixteen antimicrobials was determined. The majority of the recovered turkey isolates (13/19) showed resistance to more than 7 antimicrobials while most of the recovered chicken ones (82/130) were resistant to 5 to 7 antimicrobials. Multidrug resistance was not limited to isolates from conventional sources but was also available in isolates of an organic background and was generally lower inC. jejuniisolates when compared to theC. coliones.

scholarly journals Isolates, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Multidrug Resistance of Bacteria Cultured from Pig Submissions in New Zealand

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Christopher B. Riley ◽  
Kirsty L. Chidgey ◽  
Janis P. Bridges ◽  
Emma Gordon ◽  
Kevin E. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Susceptibility Data ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

Data on the scope of bacterial pathogens present and the frequency of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in New Zealand’s pigs are limited. This study describes bacterial isolates, antimicrobial susceptibility data, and multidrug resistance (MDR; resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes) from New Zealand pig submissions. Porcine test data from June 2003 to February 2016 were obtained from commercial veterinary pathology laboratory records. In total, 470/477 unique submissions resulted in bacterial growth, yielding 779 isolates. Sample type was recorded for 360/477 (75.5%); lung (79/360; 21.9%), faecal (61/360; 16.9%) and intestinal (45/360; 12.5%) were most common. The most common isolates were Escherichia coli (186/779, 23.9%), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (43/779; 5.5%), Streptococcus suis (43/779; 5.5%), unidentified Campylobacter spp. (38/779; 4.9%), alpha haemolytic Streptococci (32/779; 4.1%), coagulase negative Staphylococcus spp. (26/779; 3.3%), and Pasteurella multocida (25/779; 3.2%). Susceptibility results were available for 141/779 (18.1%) isolates from 62/470 (13.2%) submissions. Most were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulphonamide (75/81; 92.6%), but fewer were susceptible to penicillin (37/77; 48.1%), tilmicosin (18/43; 41.9%), or tetracyclines (41/114; 36.0%). No susceptibility data were available for Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., or Yersinia spp. isolates. MDR was present in 60/141 (42.6%) isolates. More data on sample submission drivers, antimicrobial drug use, and susceptibilities of important porcine bacterial isolates are required to inform guidelines for prudent antimicrobial use, to reduce their prevalence, human transmission, and to minimise AMR and MDR.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence-associated genes in Campylobacter isolates from milk and wastewater in Hatay, Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Elmalı ◽  
Hayriye Yeşim Can
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Foodborne Diseases ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
The World ◽  
Wastewater Samples ◽  
Raw Cow’S Milk

ABSTRACT: Campylobacter is one of the most common causes of bacterial foodborne diseases throughout the world. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Campylobacter isolates of raw cow’s milk and cattle slaughterhouse wastewater samples in Hatay, Turkey. A total of 114 raw milk and 78 wastewater samples were analyzed for the identification of C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari by multiplex PCR. The overall prevalence of Campylobacter was found to be 7.2%, of these isolates, 85.7% were identified as C. jejuni and 14.2% as C. coli, but C. lari was not detected in the study. The cdtA and cadF genes were present in 66.6% and 41.6% of C. jejuni isolates tested, respectively, but wlaN gene was not found in any of the isolates. Results of antimicrobial resistance analysis showed that 71.4% of the isolates were resistant to erythromycin, 64.2% to tetracycline, and 57.1% to ciprofloxacin. Overall, 8 of 14 Campylobacter isolates (57.1%) showed a multidrug resistance.

scholarly journals Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns in Salmonella from Commercial Poultry as Influenced by Microbiological Culture and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Xi Wang ◽  
W. Evan Chaney ◽  
Hilary O. Pavlidis ◽  
James P. McGinnis ◽  
J. Allen Byrd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Testing Methods ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Selective Enrichment ◽  
Lower Resistance

Monitoring antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens in poultry is critical for food safety. We aimed to compare antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Salmonella isolated from poultry samples as influenced by isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods. Salmonella isolates were cultured from a convenience sample of commercial broiler ceca with and without selective broth enrichment, and resistance phenotypes were determined for 14 antimicrobials using the Sensititre® platform and a qualitative broth breakpoint assay. The broth breakpoint method reported higher resistance to chloramphenicol, sulfisoxazole, and the combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole, and lower resistance to streptomycin as compared to the Sensititre® assay in trial one. Selective enrichment of samples containing Salmonella in Rappaport-Vassiliadis broth reported lowered detectable resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, azithromycin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, nalidixic acid, and meropenem, and increased resistance to streptomycin and tetracycline than direct-plating samples in trial one. Using matched isolates in trial two, the Sensititre® assay reported higher resistance to chloramphenicol and gentamicin, and lower resistance to nalidixic acid as compared to the broth breakpoint method. These results suggest methodology is a critical consideration in the detection and surveillance of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Salmonella isolates from poultry samples and could affect the accuracy of population or industry surveillance insights and intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Serotype Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates from Pediatric Patients in Singapore

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 2193-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirlena Wee-Ling Soh ◽  
Chit Laa Poh ◽  
Raymond V. Tzer Pin Lin
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Hospital ◽  
Serotype Distribution ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

ABSTRACT One hundred eighty Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated from children at a pediatric hospital in Singapore from 1997 to 1999 were serotyped and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were determined. Sixty-three percent of the isolates were resistant to penicillin. Significantly large numbers of the strains investigated were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (87.8%), tetracycline (71.7%), erythromycin (67.8%), and chloramphenicol (40%). Penicillin and multidrug resistance was mostly associated with the frequently isolated S. pneumoniae isolates of serotypes (serotypes 19F, 23F, 6B, and 14). Isolates of serotype 19F, the serotype most commonly encountered in Singapore (41.1%), had the highest prevalence of penicillin (78.4%) and multidrug resistance (94.6%). Most of the invasive S. pneumoniae isolates (8 of 17; 47.1%) were of serotype 14.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Frequency of bla and qnr Genes in Salmonella enterica Isolated from Slaughtered Pigs

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1442
Author(s):  
Alyzza Marie B. Calayag ◽  
Kenneth W. Widmer ◽  
Windell L. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Major Product ◽  
Hog Industry ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
Severe Infections

Salmonella enterica is known as one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide. While salmonellosis is usually self-limiting, severe infections may require antimicrobial therapy. However, increasing resistance of Salmonella to antimicrobials, particularly fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, is of utmost concern. The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. enterica isolated from pork, the major product in Philippine livestock production. Our results show that both the qnrS and the blaTEM antimicrobial resistance genes were present in 61.2% of the isolates. While qnrA (12.9%) and qnrB (39.3%) were found less frequently, co-carriage of blaTEM and one to three qnr subtypes was observed in 45.5% of the isolates. Co-carriage of blaTEM and blaCTX-M was also observed in 3.9% of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that the majority of isolates were non-susceptible to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 13.5% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant (MDR). MDR isolates belonged to either O:3,10, O:4, or an unidentified serogroup. High numbers of S. enterica carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), specifically the presence of isolates co-carrying resistance to both β-lactams and fluoroquinolones, raise a concern on antimicrobial use in the Philippine hog industry and on possible transmission of ARG to other bacteria.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella serotypes recovered throughout the beef production chain and from patients with salmonellosis

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Realpe-Quintero ◽  
Jeannette Barba-León ◽  
Julia A. Pérez-Montaño ◽  
Carlos Pacheco-Gallardo ◽  
Delia González-Aguilar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Ground Beef ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Human Feces ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Clinical Cases

Salmonella is one of the major foodborne pathogens worldwide. The antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of this foodborne pathogen has raised a great concern in recent years. Studies on the frequency and characterization of Salmonella serotypes can help to improve our knowledge on the epidemiology of this pathogen. The purpose of this study was to compare the serotypes, AMR and genetic profiles of Salmonella isolates recovered from raw beef throughout the beef production chain and from human feces associated with clinical cases of salmonellosis. The serotype, AMR and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profile of 243 Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from beef carcasses (n = 78), ground beef (n = 135), and human feces from clinical cases of salmonellosis (n = 30) were compared. Forty-three different Salmonella serotypes were identified and regardless of the source, the top five corresponded to Typhimurium, Give, Group B (partially serotyped), Infantis and Anatum. Twelve serotypes from beef carcasses were also found in ground beef, showing their presence throughout the beef production chain. Salmonella Typhimurium, Infantis, Anatum and Montevideo were the only serotypes identified in all sample types. Resistance to tetracyclines was the most frequent (41.2%) followed by resistance to aminoglycosides (37%), folate pathway inhibitors (21%), quinolones (20.2%), phenicols (17.1%), penicillins (15.6%) and cephems (7%). Multidrug resistance was observed in 28.8% of the isolates, and those from human feces showed resistance to a larger number of antimicrobials. Great concern arises from the resistance and reduced susceptibility observed to quinolones and cephalosporins because these drugs are the first line of treatment for invasive Salmonella infections. Twenty-seven distinct pulse-types were detected among 238 isolates. Clustering analysis for the most frequent serotypes identified groups of isolates with similar AMR profiles. Multidrug resistance spreading throughout the food production chain should be continually monitored and its importance emphasized.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Foodborne Pathogens in Sentinel Dairy Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
S. A. Baluka ◽  
L.N. Musisi ◽  
L. S. Y. Buyinza ◽  
F. Ejobi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Campylobacter Jejuni ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Fecal Samples

Dairy cattle are common carriers of important foodborne pathogens. Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni are among the commonest causes of foodborne diseases. The high prevalence of microbial infections is escalating antimicrobial usage in human health and for growth promotion and prophylaxis in animal health. Overuse of antimicrobials is increasing antimicrobial residues in animal source foods and accelerating antimicrobial resistance. The study collected 184 samples from 33 dairy farms and assessed the prevalence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni and their AMR. Sample inoculation for bacterial isolation was by agar surface streaking method and broth dilution. Escherichia coli was isolated on Chromogenic Coliform agar at 37°C for 24 hour forming dark blue colonies confirmed by Indole, Methyl Red, Voges-Proskauer and Citrate biochemical tests. Escherichia coli antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by a single disc diffusion method against eight standard antibiotics. Sensitive, Intermediate and Resistant system was used for reporting antimicrobial susceptibility testing results. Escherichia coli was isolated in 21.7% samples, Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella were absent. Escherichia coli was isolated in fecal samples from 48.5% of study farms, 56.9% of fecal and 4.8% of water samples and not isolated in all milk samples tested. All Escherichia coli isolates were susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime but 9 were resistant to ampicillin, oxacillin, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, produced 4 penicillinase and 1 beta-lactamase while 4 didn’t exhibit any specific resistance mechanism. Aminoglycosides, quinolones, and furans showed no resistance. When stratified by sample, 7 fecal Escherichia coli isolates showed resistance compared to 2 water isolates. All fecal and water isolates were resistant to oxacillin. The majority of Beta-lactamase and penicillinase producing isolates were from fecal samples. Oxacillin was widely resisted hence it should not be used in routine treatment of bacterial infections to avoid treatment failures. All Escherichia coli isolates were susceptible to gentamycin, ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime, 9 were resistant to ampicillin, oxacillin, ceftazidime, and ceftriaxone, produced 4 penicillinase and 1 beta-lactamase. Aminoglycosides, quinolones, and furans showed no resistance. There is a need to conduct continuous professional development training programmes for veterinarians and veterinary paraprofessionals to promote prudent use of antimicrobials. Access and use of gentamycin, ciproflaxacin, cefoxitin and cefotaxime by dairy farmers and unqualified people should be restricted to prevent or delay resistance to these four.

Occurrence, genetic characterization and antimicrobial resistance ofSalmonellaisolated from chicken meat and giblets

2014 ◽  
Vol 143 (5) ◽  
pp. 997-1003 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. ABD-ELGHANY ◽  
K. I. SALLAM ◽  
A. ABD-ELKHALEK ◽  
T. TAMURA
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Tests ◽  
Susceptibility Tests

SUMMARYThis study was undertaken to survey the presence ofSalmonellain 200 chicken samples collected from Mansoura, Egypt.Salmonellawas detected in 16% (8/50), 28% (14/50), 32% (16/50) and 60% (30/50) of whole chicken carcasses, drumsticks, livers and gizzards, respectively, with an overall prevalence of 34% (68/200) among all samples. One hundred and sixty-six isolates were identified biochemically asSalmonella, and confirmed genetically by PCR, based on the presence ofinvAandstngenes. ThespvC gene, however, was detected in only 25·3% (42/166) of the isolates. Isolates were serotyped asSalmonellaEnteritidis (37·3%),S.Typhimurium (30·1%),S.Kentucky (10·8%),S.Muenster (8·4%),S.Virchow (4·8%),S.Anatum (4·8%),S.Haifa (1·2%), and four were non-typable. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of theSalmonellaisolates revealed that 100% were resistant to each of erythromycin, penicillin, and amoxicillin, while 98·8%, 96·4%, 95·2%, and 91·6% were resistant to nalidixic acid, sulphamethoxazole, oxytetracycline, and ampicillin, respectively. Multidrug resistance was evident for 92·8% of the isolates. The high contamination level of chicken meat with multidrug-resistant Salmonellacan constitute a problem for public health.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Prevalence of bla and qnr Genes in Salmonella Enterica Isolated from Slaughtered Pork

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyzza Marie B. Calayag ◽  
Kenneth W. Widmer ◽  
Windell L. Rivera
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hog Industry ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Severe Infections

Abstract Background: Salmonella enterica is known as one of the most common foodborne pathogens worldwide. While salmonellosis is usually self-limiting, severe infections may require antimicrobial therapy. However, increasing resistance of Salmonella to antimicrobials, particularly fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, is of utmost concern. The present study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial susceptibility of S. enterica isolated from pork, the major contributor in Philippine livestock production.Results: Our results show that 61.2% of the isolates carried antimicrobial resistance genes qnrS and blaTEM. While qnrA (12.9%) and qnrB (39.3%) were found less frequently, co-carriage of blaTEM and one to three qnr subtypes was observed in 45.5% of the isolates. Co-carriage of blaTEM and blaCTX-M was also observed in 3.9% of the isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that majority of the isolates were non-susceptible to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and 13.5% of the isolates were multidrug-resistant.Conclusions: High prevalence rates of S. enterica carrying antimicrobial resistance genes (ARG), specifically the presence of isolates co-carrying resistance to both ß-lactams and fluoroquinolones, raise a concern on antimicrobial use in the Philippine hog industry and on possible transmission of ARG to other bacteria.

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