scholarly journals First record and occurrence of Μacrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) (Homoptera: Aphididae) on cotton in Central Greece

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
D.P. Lykouressis
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
First Record ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Cotton Field ◽  
Central Greece ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

The potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), is a highly polyphagous species on secondary hosts feeding on over 200 plant species, but is especially found on Solanum tuberosum L. M.euphorhiae was first noticed on cotton (cv Zeta 2) at Thiva in central Greece in May 1988 during a study on the population dynamics of cotton aphids carried out in a cotton field in the above mentioned region. This species has been recorded on other host-plants in Greece. It resembles Acyrthosiphon gossvpii Mordvilko, a species which also colonizes cotton but has not been recorded yet in Greece. They can be distinguished from each other since the former has shorter siphunculi, hearing a zone of polygonal reticulation on their apices, than the latter. Moreover, it is easily distinguishable from Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis fabae Scopoli and Aphis craccivora Koch, species which also colonize cotton. A. gossypii is the most important aphid species attacking cotton at Thiva region and has also been recorded previously on cotton by various authors. The species A. fabae and A. craccivora have also been recorded on cotton in Greece. M. euphorbiae was found in the first three samplings that occurred between mid and the end of May when plants were young. From early June and during the rest of the growing season this species was not found in the field. In a total of about 50 plants sampled in each sampling only a few individuals were found. The majority of aphids were alatae, representing 69, 60 and 43 percent of the population at the first. second and third sampling dates, respectively. Alatae started to reproduce on the plants after their alightment, since first and second instar nymphs were present even from the first sampli­ng which took place after the appearance of plants. However, the number of nymphs was kept low during the period M. euphorbiae was present, suggesting that this was possiblydue either to the partial unsuitability of the cotton variety as host or to the effect of the systemic insecticide, phorate which had been applied at sowing, but this needs further investigation. This species was found again in low numbers in another cotton field at Thiva region, from mid May to early June of 1989. The fact that this species was not found from early June onwards in both years reveals that cotton is only a temporary secondary host-plant, possibly not very suitable for aphid development and reproduction. However, cotton may play some role on the population dynamics of M. euphorbiae on subsequent crops and mainly on potatoes, a crop which is widely planted at Thiva region. This might be of particular con­cern because M. euphorbiae is a vector of several viruses.

scholarly journals Diversity of aphid pests on the crops in Kanchanpur district, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-106
Author(s):  
Mahadev Bista
Keyword(s):  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Maidis ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch ◽  
Macrosiphum Rosae ◽  
Different Parts

A survey was conducted to explore the aphid pests’ diversity in Kanchanpur district, far-western, Nepal from April 2018 to March 2019. A total of 15 aphid pests were collected and identified, viz. Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), Aphis craccivora (Koch), Aphis gossypii (Glover), Aphis fabae (Scopoli), Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus), Lipaphis erysmi (Kaltenbach), Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus), Myzus persicae (Sulzer), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus), Rhopalosiphum rufiadominale (Sasaki), Uroleucon compositae (Theobald), and the guava aphid. Exploration of aphid pests showed that they caused serious damages to agricultural crops by attacking different parts of plants.

scholarly journals Relative toxicity of some insecticides and azadirachtin against four crop infesting aphid species

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
M Khalequzzaman ◽  
Jesmun Nahar
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Craccivora ◽  
Lipaphis Erysimi ◽  
Relative Toxicity ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Residual Film ◽  
Aphis Gossypii Glover ◽  
Aphis Craccivora Koch

Indirect application was used to assay the toxicity of five insecticides; viz. malathion, carbosulfan, cymbush, imidacloprid and azadirachtin against four important crop infesting aphid species, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis gossypii Glover, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach), reared on bean, brinjal, potato and cauliflower plants respectively. Residual film technique was applied by bringing leaves with tested aphids of the vegetable plants in the laboratory. Malathion was the least toxic to all aphids having LC50 as 327.97, 333.92, 305.26 and 313.77 μg cm-2 for A. craccivora, A. gossypii, M. persicae and M. persicae respectively. Cypermethrin was the most toxic showing LC50 as 12.55, 12.29, 12.55 and 12.10 μg cm-2 in the above mentioned species of aphid respectively. Carbosulfan and imidacloprid showed moderate toxicity. Azadirachtin as a natural plant origin insecticide proved to be the most toxic having LC50 as 0.41 μg cm-2 for A. craccivora, 0.34 μg cm-2 for A. gossypii and 0.44 μg cm-2 for both M. persicae and L. erysimi. Key words: Insecticide, toxicity, azadirachtin, Aphis craccivora, Aphis gossypii, Myzus persicae, Lipaphis erysimi   doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1950 Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 31-34

Comparative propensity for dispersal of apterous and alate morphs of three potato-colonizing aphid species

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (9) ◽  
pp. 1396-1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilles Boiteau
Keyword(s):  
Green Peach Aphid ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Reproductive Period ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Potato Aphid ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Flight Chamber ◽  
Aphis Nasturtii ◽  
Potato Aphids

The relative ability of apterous and alate morphs of aphids to disperse from one potato leaflet to another was similar within species. Three species were tested: the buckthorn aphid, Aphis nasturtii Kaltenbach, the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas), and the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). The average percentage of aphids moving daily from one leaflet to another never exceeded 2.5% for nymphs of the three species, but reached 45% for the adult winged buckthorn aphid. During the first half of the reproductive period, adult potato aphids were 1.5 times as likely as buckthorn aphids and twice as likely as green peach aphids to relocate daily. In a flight chamber, buckthorn aphids flew 4.5 times longer than green peach or potato aphids. The maiden flights of these summer forms were interrupted by repeated landings lasting less than 2 min. The maiden flights were interrupted more than twice as often for the buckthorn aphid as for the potato aphid. The number of flight interruptions was intermediate for the green peach aphid. Selected dispersal parameters for these aphid species are compared with those for the black bean aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli, an occasional potato-colonizing species. The percentage of green peach and potato aphids taking flight was significantly correlated with the temperature in the flight chamber. The implication of these results for the distribution of aphid populations and the epidemiology of viral diseases is discussed.

Aphid (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations and the incidence of virus yellows on insecticide-free sugarbeet in south-eastern England in 1978-81

1987 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. Thornhill ◽  
G. D. Heathcote
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Annual Variation ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
The Other ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Syrphid Larvae ◽  
Aphid Populations

AbstractThe populations of the most common aphid species on sugarbeet, and their principal predators, were monitored on insecticide-free study areas of the crop in south-eastern England in 1978–81. The peak populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) varied considerably in size from year to year and were related to the severity of the previous winter. Those of Aphis fabae fabae Scopoli, which occurred slightly later in the season, also varied greatly in size but were not strongly linked to winter temperatures. The sizes of the peak populations of Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas) were similar each year. The annual variation in the level of infection by virus yellows reflected the peak populations of Myzus persicae and not those of the other aphid species. Coccinellids first appeared in the sugarbeet each year in mid-late June, as the aphid populations were developing, and their peak populations did not vary greatly from year to year. Syrphid larvae appeared later in the season than coccinellids, and their numbers seemed closely linked to those of A. f. fabae. Anystid mites were observed on most count dates in all years. The implications of the findings of the study for control of aphids and virus yellows are discussed.

scholarly journals Temporal and spatial progress of Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) in passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims)

2021 ◽  
pp. 284-289
Author(s):  
Roger Yochiharu Kotsubo ◽  
Karina Silva dos Santos ◽  
Lucas Henrique Fantin ◽  
Vitória Carolina Antunes Chaves ◽  
João Valdecir Casaroto Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Incidence Data ◽  
Cowpea Aphid ◽  
Aphid Vectors

Among the diseases that affect passion fruit, those causing fruit woodiness is considered the most important. Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV) is an important vírus that is transmitted by several aphid species during the bite, making the use of insecticides infeasible to control these vectors. In order to understand the epidemiological behavior of the disease, this study aimed to study the temporal progress and spatial pattern of CABMV in the field. Healthy seedlings of passion fruit with 2.0 meters height were implanted in the field condition at the experimental station of the IDR-Paraná, Brazil. The evaluations were performed weekly observing the symptoms of blister, mosaic, chlorosis and crinkled leaves. For the analyses, the logistic, gompertz and monomolecular models were adjusted to CABMV incidence data in passion fruit. The spatial pattern of the disease was characterized by the dispersion index and Taylor's Power Law. The logistic model was the one that best described the progress in the incidence of the disease. The incidence progress rate of CABMV was 0.037, 0.077 and 0.060 % day-1. At the beginning of the epidemic, the pattern was random. The initial dispersion mechanism was occured through aphid vectors, como Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis fabae Scopoli, Aphis solanella Theobald, Toxoptera citricida Kilkaldy, Uroleucon ambrosiae Thomas and Uroleucon sonchi L. infected with CABMV that starts its test bite randomly. The pattern of disease dispersion began to be added when the incidence of plants reached 10 and 7%, in the 2015/16 and 2017/18 harvests, respectively. The random spatial pattern suggested that infected aphids enter several points of the orchard and infected plants become a source for secondary infections, characterizing aggregate pattern. Thus, the eradication of alternative hosts abroad can be adopted as management strategies of CABMV

scholarly journals Population dynamics of aphid and coexisting predators in tomato agroecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-206
Author(s):  
SHIVANI KHOKHAR ◽  
KRISHNA ROLANIA
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Positive Density ◽  
Aphid Infestation

Aphids generally attack vegetative plant parts, preferably leaves, and devitalize the plant by sucking the cell sap. Thorough knowledge of pest-predator ecology and their interaction is requisite to initiate timely pest management strategies. Therefore, we aimed to study the population dynamics of aphids and their predators on tomato in Hisar, Haryana during Rabi, 2016-17 and 2017-18. We observed two dominant aphid species viz., Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae and three aphidophagous predator groups viz., coccinellids, spiders and syrphid fly maggots in the tomato agroecosystem. Aphid infestation started during the 9th standard meteorological week (SMW) and attained a peak during the 12th SMW (22.65 aphids per three leaves per plant). Aphid population exhibited highly significant negative correlation with minimum temperature (r= -0.917**), maximum temperature (r= -0.895**) and wind speed (r= -0.809**). However, it was positively correlated with morning relative humidity (r= 0.933**) and evening relative humidity (r= 0.856**). We used Principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensions of data and variables were transformed into principal components (PC) to explain the nature and extent of the relationships among different variables. PC1 and PC2 capture 57.6 and 20.3% of the variability in the data, respectively. Aphid predators exhibited a significant positive correlation with the prey population suggesting a positive density-dependent response.

scholarly journals Plum Pox in North America: Identification of Aphid Vectors and a Potential Role for Fruit in Virus Spread

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 868-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Gildow ◽  
Vern Damsteegt ◽  
Andrew Stone ◽  
William Schneider ◽  
Douglas Luster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myzus Persicae ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Rhopalosiphum Padi ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Plum Pox Virus ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Metopolophium Dirhodum ◽  
Aphid Vectors

Thirteen aphid species were tested for their ability to transmit Pennsylvania isolates of Plum pox virus (PPV) collected in Columbia (PENN-3), Franklin (PENN-4), and York (PENN-7) Counties, PA. Four species, Aphis fabae, A. spiraecola, Brachycaudus persicae, and Myzus persicae, consistently transmitted PPV in preliminary transmission tests. Two species, Metopolophium dirhodum and Rhopalosiphum padi, were occasional inefficient vectors. Toxoptera citricida, from Florida, also was an effective vector but it does not occur in major stone-fruit-growing states. Species not transmitting PPV in parallel tests included Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis glycines, Aulacorthum solani, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Rhopalosiphum maidis, and Sitobion avenae. When given a 3-day probing access period simultaneously on PPV-infected peach seedlings and healthy peach seedlings, Myzus persicae, Aphis spiraecola, A. fabae, and B. persicae transmitted PPV to 63, 31, 38, and 32% of the healthy peach seedlings, respectively. When given a similar probing period on PPV-infected peach fruit and healthy peach seedlings, the same aphid species transmitted PPV to 50, 35, 0, and 0% of seedlings, respectively. Results support the hypothesis of secondary PPV spread by indigenous aphids in Pennsylvania, and suggest that PPV-infected fruit has the potential to function as a virus source for long-distance dispersal.

scholarly journals Can Winged Aphid Abundance Be a Predictor of Cucurbit Aphid-Borne Yellows Virus Epidemics in Melon Crop?

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 911
Author(s):  
Alexandra Schoeny ◽  
Loup Rimbaud ◽  
Patrick Gognalons ◽  
Grégory Girardot ◽  
Pauline Millot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Aphid Vectors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Winged Aphid

Aphid-borne viruses are frequent yield-limiting pathogens in open field vegetable crops. In the absence of curative methods, virus control relies exclusively on measures limiting virus introduction and spread. The efficiency of control measures may greatly benefit from an accurate knowledge of epidemic drivers, in particular those linked with aphid vectors. Field experiments were conducted in southeastern France between 2010 and 2019 to investigate the relationship between the epidemics of cucurbit aphid-borne yellows virus (CABYV) and aphid vector abundance. Winged aphids visiting melon crops were sampled daily to assess the abundance of CABYV vectors (Aphis gossypii, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Myzus persicae) and CABYV was monitored weekly by DAS-ELISA. Epidemic temporal progress curves were successfully described by logistic models. A systematic search for correlations was undertaken between virus variables including parameters µ (inflection point of the logistic curve) and γ (maximum incidence) and aphid variables computed by aggregating abundances on periods relative either to the planting date, or to the epidemic peak. The abundance of A. gossypii during the first two weeks after planting was found to be a good predictor of CABYV dynamics, suggesting that an early control of this aphid species could mitigate the onset and progress of CABYV epidemics in melon crops.

scholarly journals Transmission Efficiency of Cucumber mosaic virus by Aphids Associated with Virus Epidemics in Snap Bean

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (11) ◽  
pp. 1233-1241 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. E. Gildow ◽  
D. A. Shah ◽  
W. M. Sackett ◽  
T. Butzler ◽  
B. A. Nault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Transmission Efficiency ◽  
Aphid Species ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Snap Bean ◽  
Virus Complex

Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a major component of the virus complex that has become more pronounced in snap bean in the midwestern and northeastern United States since 2001. Multiple-vector-transfer tests were done to estimate the CMV transmission efficiencies (p) of the main aphid species identified in commercial snap bean fields in New York and Pennsylvania. The four most efficient vectors (p > 0.05) were Aphis gossypii, A. glycines, Acyrthosiphon pisum, and Therioaphis trifolii, which were all significant species in the migratory aphid populations in snap bean. Moderately efficient vectors (0.01 < p < 0.04) were A. spiraecola, A. craccivora, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, and Rhopalosiphum maidis. Poor vectors (p < 0.01) included A. fabae, Nearctaphis bakeri, and Myzus persicae. Only one species, Sitobion avenae, failed to transmit CMV in replicated tests. Estimates of p were consistent between different clones of the same aphid species and among three different field isolates of CMV tested. Single-vector-transfer test results for a subset of the species supported those obtained via the multiple-vector-transfer approach. Our results are consistent with the notion that A. glycines is a major vector of recent CMV epidemics in snap bean, but that species is only one of several that are involved.

scholarly journals Economically significant pests of vegetable crops in Smederevska Palanka

Biljni lekar ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 475-487
Author(s):  
Bojana Jovanović ◽  
Olivera Petrović-Obradović ◽  
Bogoljub Zečević ◽  
Suzana Pavlović ◽  
Jelena Damnjanović
Keyword(s):  
Frankliniella Occidentalis ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Flea Beetle ◽  
Aphis Gossypii ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Macrosiphum Euphorbiae ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Insect Reproduction ◽  
Sufficient Food

The aim of this research was to determine insect pests on vegetable crops in Smederevska Palanka area. By using standard methods, equipment and tools, insect pests that caused significant and less significant damages have been determined on vegetable crops: pepper, tomato, cucumber, melon, zucchini, cabbage, pea, bean, spinach and beet at the arable area at the Institute for Vegetable Crops. The most significant insect pests, causing the most damages were Frankliniella occidentalis and Tuta absoluta, and also several species of aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae, Myzus persicae, Aphis gossypii, Aphis fabae and Macrosiphum euphorbiae), stink bugs (Nezara viridula, Eurydema spp.) and flea beetle (Phyllotreta spp.). These insects caused direct and indirect damages. The most significant damages have been noted in green houses due to favourable conditions for insect reproduction and sufficient food supplies.

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