scholarly journals Equine Recurrent Uveitis: a review

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
A. KOMNENOU (Α. ΚΟΜΝΗΝΟΥ) ◽  
N. DIAKAKIS (Ν. ΔΙΑΚΑΚΗΣ) ◽  
A. DESIRIS (Α. ΔΕΣΙΡΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Ocular Lesions ◽  
Specific Infectious Agent ◽  
Ophthalmologic Examination ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Equine Recurrent Uveitis

Equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), also known as "periodic ophthalmia" or "moon blindness", is one of the most serious and vision-threatening disorders worldwide. The pathogenesis of the disease is only partially understood, although it is confidently immune mediated, where bacterial {Leptospira, interrogans), viral and parasitic infections, trauma and systemic diseases have been implicated. The clinical manifestations of ERU vary considerably depending on the stage of the disease. The ocular lesions are usually unilateral, whereas in approximately 20% of the cases they are seen in both eyes. Diagnosis is based on ophthalmologic examination along with specific serology, aiming at the detection of any specific infectious agent. Aggressive and early undertaken treatment is of paramount importance in an attempt to preserve vision, decrease ocular pain and prevent or minimize further relapses. The conventional treatment includes the use of glucocorticosteroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs along with mydriatics-cycloplegics, while pars plana vitrectomy and cyclosporine A intra-ocular implants may also give encouraging results. Recendy, alternative therapeutic methods (homeopathy, acupuncture) have also been used. Prognosis in ERU is always guarded to poor, because the severity and frequency of the future episodes is unpredictable.

scholarly journals Outcome and Prognostic Factors for Traumatic Endophthalmitis over a 5-Year Period

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Delia Nicoară ◽  
Iulian Irimescu ◽  
Tudor Călinici ◽  
Cristina Cristian
Keyword(s):  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Pars Plana Vitrectomy ◽  
Light Perception ◽  
Delayed Treatment ◽  
Ocular Lesions ◽  
Open Globe ◽  
Pars Plana ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Open Globe Injuries

Purpose. To evaluate the outcome and identify the prognostic factors of traumatic endophthalmitis over a 5-year period.Methods. We reviewed the medical records of all the traumatic endophthalmities that we treated in our department over the last 5 years (2009–2013). We extracted the following parameters: age, gender, wound anatomy, associated ocular lesions, treatment, and initial and final visual acuities. We used the program SPSS version 20.0.0. for the statistical analysis of our data.Results. During the last 5 years, we treated 14 traumatic endophthalmities, representing 46.66% of all types of endophthalmities. The infection rate in open globe injuries was 8.13% and 34.78%, if an intraocular foreign body (IOFB) was associated. All the patients were males with the median age of 37 years. Initial visual acuities varied between light perception and 0.4 and the timing of treatment from a few hours to 10 days. We administered antibiotic and anti-inflammatory drugs, systemically and intravitreally, in all cases. We performed pars plana vitrectomy in 64.28% of cases. In 57.14% of cases, the final visual acuity was 0.1 or more.Conclusions. IOFBs increased significantly the risk for endophthalmitis. The worse prognostic factors were retinal detachment at presentation and delayed treatment. This trial is registered withIRCT2014082918966N1.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF A CAT WITH IMMUNE MEDIATED HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA (IMHA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 7-12
Keyword(s):  
Hemolytic Anemia ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Routine Diagnosis ◽  
Immune Mediated

In order to explore the diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) in cats, we diagnosed and treated a cat with IMHA. We made a detailed observation and record of the treatment process for reference to the treatment of IMHA in cats. Our diagnosis was based on the cat’s clinical manifestations, routine diagnosis, laboratory tests, and ultrasound results. We excluded the possibility of common infectious diseases and parasitic infections. The cat was initially diagnosed with hemolytic anemia, fatty liver, hepatocyte injury and cholestasis. The condition did not improve after symptomatic treatment for five days. But the cat gradually improved after the use of immunosuppressants, and was finally diagnosed to be suffering from IMHA. After 32 days of treatment, the cat was basically cured and discharged from the hospital. This paper describes a case study which can serve as the reference for the diagnosis and treatment of feline IMHA.

scholarly journals Dual threat of comorbidity of celiac disease and systemic lupus erythematosus

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 030006052110122
Author(s):  
Yimin Ma ◽  
Duanming Zhuang ◽  
Zhenguo Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Failure To Thrive ◽  
Severe Malnutrition ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Electrolyte Disorders ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Immune Mediated

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated intestinal disease that is characterized by production of autoantibodies directed against the small intestine. The main clinical manifestations of CD are typically defined as those related to indigestion and malabsorption. These manifestations include unexplained diarrhea or constipation, abdominal pain, bloating, weight loss, anemia, failure-to-thrive in children, and decreased bone density. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, which may also involve the gastrointestinal tract. Comorbidity of CD and SLE is rare, and the overlapping symptoms and nonspecific clinical presentation may pose a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. We report here a case of SLE with CD, which mainly manifested as recurrent diarrhea, uncorrectable electrolyte disorders, and severe malnutrition. Through review, we hope to further improve our understanding and diagnostic level of this combination of diseases.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Skin Lesions in Three SARS-CoV-2 Swab-Negative Adolescents: A Possible COVID-19 Sneaky Manifestation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Ingravallo ◽  
Francesco Mazzotta ◽  
Leonardo Resta ◽  
Sara Sablone ◽  
Gerardo Cazzato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Histological Findings ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
Immunohistochemical Evidence ◽  
Eccrine Sweat Glands

Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is associated with various clinical manifestations, including skin lesions. In particular, during the COVID-19 pandemic lock-down period numerous chilblain-like lesions, mainly located on the feet, were observed in adolescents. The latter were often asymptomatic or associated with very mild respiratory symptoms. Here, we report three cases of acral nodular lesions in SARS-CoV-2 swab-negative adolescents with histological findings of chronic immune-mediated inflammation and immunohistochemical evidence of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins in endothelial cells and eccrine sweat glands. In one of these cases, the virus presence was confirmed by electron microscopy.

Treatment of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 489-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E Dager ◽  
Richard H White
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reaction ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
National Library ◽  
Severe Adverse Reaction ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Study Selection ◽  
Clinical Conditions

OBJECTIVE: To describe heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT or HIT-2), an immune-mediated adverse reaction to heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin. Available treatment options and considerations in developing a therapy approach are discussed. DATA SOURCES: A search of the National Library of Medicine (1992–June 2001) was done to identify pertinent literature. Additional references were reviewed from selected articles. STUDY SELECTION: Articles related to laboratory recognition and treatment options of HIT, including the use of agents in selected clinical conditions, were reviewed and included. CONCLUSIONS: HIT is a rare but potentially severe adverse reaction to heparin that was, until recently, poorly understood and had limited treatment options. Recent advances describing the recognition and clinical manifestations of immune-mediated HIT, including recently available antithrombotic treatment options, have dramatically changed outcomes for patients having this syndrome.

Multifocal, Extranodal Sinus Histiocytosis With Massive Lymphadenopathy: An Overview

2007 ◽  
Vol 131 (7) ◽  
pp. 1117-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Gaitonde
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Sinus Histiocytosis ◽  
Massive Lymphadenopathy ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
Extranodal Disease ◽  
Children And Young Adults ◽  
Histopathologic Features

Abstract Context.—This article provides an overview of the major pathologic manifestations of sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy, including patient characteristics and current knowledge about its pathogenesis, with an emphasis on multifocal and extranodal presentation. Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is a rare, nonneoplastic, idiopathic, proliferative histiocytic disorder; recognition of this disorder is important to avoid misinterpretation and subsequent unnecessary treatment. This is especially true for primary extranodal manifestation of this rare disorder. Although accurate diagnosis of this entity requires a correlation of clinical, radiologic, laboratory, and pathologic studies in most cases, it remains a disorder primarily defined by its histopathologic features and pathologic manifestations, which are key to the diagnosis. Objective.—To summarize the scientific literature, provide a concise review, and emphasize the diagnostic histopathologic features of extranodal sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. Data Sources.—A comprehensive literature review was undertaken to summarize the clinical and pathologic features of this disorder. Conclusions.—Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy is characterized by a rare, acquired, nonmalignant proliferation of distinctive histiocytes that present with lymphadenopathy or extranodal disease, primarily in children and young adults. It exhibits a broad range of clinical presentations, thus eliciting a wide differential diagnosis. The diverse clinical manifestations and frequent association with subtle or severe immunologic abnormalities suggest an immune-mediated cause. Additional studies are needed to characterize the interplay between death receptors and cytotoxic mediators and to further elucidate the loss of immune hemostasis that may underlie idiopathic histiocytic proliferations such as this.

scholarly journals Anecdotal Response to Amphotericin in a Patient with Probable Susac Syndrome: Implications in the Pathogenesis

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 727
Author(s):  
Raquel Gil-Gouveia ◽  
Natália Marto ◽  
Pedro Vilela ◽  
Ana Catarino
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Brain Biopsy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Susac Syndrome ◽  
Infection Treatment ◽  
Immune Mediated

Susac syndrome is a rare, probably immune-mediated endotheliopathy presenting with encephalopathy, sensorineural hearing loss and retinal arterial occlusions. A 33-year-old female with Susac syndrome was worsening despite high-dose steroids so a brain biopsy was performed which suggested a possible fungal infection. Treatment with amphotericin B resulted in prompt reversal of symptoms and radiological findings, and no further symptoms occurred during 8 years of follow-up. A diagnosis of fungal infection was not confirmed. The etiology of Susac syndrome is unknown and this anecdotal observation suggests that an infectious agent susceptible to amphotericin might have caused or triggered Susac syndrome in this patient.

scholarly journals INTESTINAL PARASITE INFECTIONS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 1464-1468
Author(s):  
Imdad Ali Ansari ◽  
Jawed Akhtar Samo ◽  
Mohammad Aslam Soomro
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasite ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Hymenolepis Nana ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Centre Study ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Parasite Infections

Background: Worldwide, intestinal parasitic infections are major causeof human mortality and morbidity especially among developing countries wherein publichealth standards are not much better like developed countries. Intestinal parasiticinfections are linked with poor sanitation, lack of safe drinking water, inadequate dietaryand cultural habits and climate conditions. Objective: To assess the frequency, riskfactors and clinical manifestations related to intestinal parasite infections in patients withgastrointestinal disorders. Study Design: Cross-sectional multi-centre study. Setting:Department of Medicines, Chandka Medical College Larkana and Civil Hospital, KhairpurMirs. Period: 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2017. Method: 260 patients, the patientswith gastrointestinal disorders presenting one or more symptoms (e.g. diarrhea, dysentery,abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, cramping and constipation) were included.Results: Frequency of intestinal parasites was 32.3%. The most common parasites wereEntamoeba histolytica (10.4%), Giardia lamblia (8.5%) and Hymenolepis nana (6.9%). Age,education, monthly income and contact with animal were significantly associated withintestinal parasite infections. Concerning symptoms, the presence of intestinal parasitesinfection was significantly associated with diarrhea and dysentery. Conclusion: Studyconcluded that most prevalent parasites were Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia lambliaand Hymenolepis nana. Significant association was found in age, education and monthlyincome.

scholarly journals Intracranial Haemorrhage as a Fatal Complication of Evans Syndrome: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Olita Shilpakar ◽  
Bibek Rajbhandari ◽  
Bipin Karki ◽  
Umesh Bogati
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Haemorrhage ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Evans Syndrome ◽  
Fatal Complication ◽  
Hematologic Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Immune Neutropenia

Evans syndrome is a rare hematologic disorder characterized by the presence of simultaneous or sequential direct Coombs-positive autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and/or immune neutropenia without any known underlying etiology. Spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage is a rare and life-threatening complication in patients with Evans syndrome and very few cases have been reported to date. We report a case of a thirty-two- year-old female with intracranial haemorrhage with underlying Evans syndrome who presented with the clinical manifestations of headache, vomiting and altered sensorium and succumbed to the fatal complication despite resuscitative measures. This also emphasizes the importance of early recognition of symptoms and immediate presentation to health care facilities for aggressive management of the patient.

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