scholarly journals Rhabdomyosarcomas arising from striated muscles in elderly dogs: pathological features of 4 cases

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
G. D. BRELLOU (Γ.Δ. ΜΠΡΕΛΛΟΥ) ◽  
V. PSYCHAS (Β. ΨΥΧΑΣ) ◽  
I. VLEMMAS (Ι. ΒΛΕΜΜΑΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Immunohistochemical Examination ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
First Case ◽  
Muscle Tissues

Primary rhabdomyosarcomas are rare in dogs. Based on their classification, embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common, while alveolar and especially pleomorphic types occur less often. Four cases diagnosed as primary canine rhabdomyosarcomas of striated muscles were retrieved from our files. All the animals were cross-breeds, aged over 8 years. Two of them had died after developing disseminated intravascular coagulation and gastric ulcer, respectively, and two others were euthanized. Of those two, one had been admitted with neurological and cardiovascular symptoms and one with disseminated intravascular coagulation. Necropsy was performed and tissue samples were collected for histological and immunohistochemical examination. The first case was diagnosed as mixed rhabdomyosarcoma, pleomorphic type in the heart and the diaphragm and alveolar type in the lungs and the spleen. The three other cases were of alveolar type. One showed primary cardiac and oesophageal origin, with metastases in the skeletal muscles and non striated muscle tissues, one had primary cardiac, with mitral valve involvement, and skeletal muscle origin, with metastases in extra striated muscle tissues and one showed only skeletal muscle localization. Immunohistochemical examination revealed myoglobin and α-sarcomeric actin in tumour cells.

scholarly journals A distinct cardiopharyngeal mesoderm genetic hierarchy establishes antero-posterior patterning of esophagus striated muscle

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glenda Comai ◽  
Eglantine Heude ◽  
Sebastian Mella ◽  
Sylvain Paisant ◽  
Francesca Pala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Food Ingestion ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Posterior Migration ◽  
Functional Relevance ◽  
Genetic Signatures ◽  
Genetic Hierarchy

In most vertebrates, the upper digestive tract is composed of muscularized jaws linked to the esophagus that permits food ingestion and swallowing. Masticatory and esophagus striated muscles (ESM) share a common cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM) origin, however ESM are unusual among striated muscles as they are established in the absence of a primary skeletal muscle scaffold. Using mouse chimeras, we show that the transcription factors Tbx1 and Isl1 are required cell-autonomously for myogenic specification of ESM progenitors. Further, genetic loss-of-function and pharmacological studies point to MET/HGF signaling for antero-posterior migration of esophagus muscle progenitors, where Hgf ligand is expressed in adjacent smooth muscle cells. These observations highlight the functional relevance of a smooth and striated muscle progenitor dialogue for ESM patterning. Our findings establish a Tbx1-Isl1-Met genetic hierarchy that uniquely regulates esophagus myogenesis and identify distinct genetic signatures that can be used as framework to interpret pathologies arising within CPM derivatives.

scholarly journals Purpura Fulminans following Thermal Injury

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiongyu Hu ◽  
Xupin Jiang ◽  
Ting He ◽  
Qizhi Luo
Keyword(s):  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Thermal Injury ◽  
Purpura Fulminans ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Multiple Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Small Children ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Intravascular Thrombosis ◽  
First Case

Purpura fulminans is a rare syndrome of intravascular thrombosis and hemorrhagic infarction of the skin, which is an unusual cutaneous manifestation of disseminated intravascular coagulation. It often occurs in small children and babies due to infection and/or sepsis, rarely in adults in clinic. We report the first case of deadly purpura fulminans following thermal injury in a 64-year-old Chinese woman. The purpura developed sharply and aggravated multiple organ dysfunction. The patient died of purpura fulminans, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

The genomic profile and potential predictive circulating cytokines of gastric cancer combine disseminated intravascular coagulation.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16543-e16543
Author(s):  
Jian Xiao ◽  
Shanshan Li ◽  
Xiaohui Zhai ◽  
Xinyi Liu ◽  
Yaoxu Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Hormone Receptors ◽  
Steroid Hormone Receptors ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Gene Variation ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Gastric Cancers ◽  
Tnf Α

e16543 Background: Advanced gastric cancer (GC) combined with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a rare clinical disease, but disease progression was rapid and the prognosis is extremely poor. Therefore, an effective whole-course treatment scheme is urgently needed, and the understanding of the molecular mechanism of the disease is still a blank. Methods: FFPE tissues were collected from 8 DIC and 62 non-DIC Chinese gastric cancers. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) by NGS technology was performed on the tissue samples. We also evaluate the protein level of circulating cytokine among 5 DIC GC and 15 non-DIC GC from the preoperative blood specimens by ELISA detection. Results: More than 700 genes related to cancer were addressed specifically. The most frequent mutated genes in DIC GC group are different from non-DIC GC group. 75% (6/8) DIC GC were detected to harbor AR gene mutations. NCOR2 (50%, 4/8) and KMT2C (37.5%, 3/8) were also most frequent mutated genes. While TP53 (72.6%, 45/62), APC (43.5%, 27/62) and KRAS (38.7%, 24/62) were the most frequent mutated genes in non-DIC gastric cancers. As an exotic comparison, the WES data from the public TCGA-STAD (n = 544) cohort was analyzed. The most frequent mutated genes turned out to be TP53 (45.1%, 205/455), LRP1B (28.6%, 130/455) and ARID1A (24.6%, 112/455). For ELISA detection, protein levels of MIP-1α (p = 0.0311)、IL-8 (p = 0.0435)、TNF-α (p = 0.0339) and MCP-1 (p = 0.0187) were significantly lower in DIC GC group, respectively, as compared to non-DIC GC group. In accordance with result of WES, 60% (12/20) samples in non-DIC GC group had more than one gene variation related to immune activation, while 25% (2/8) samples in DIC GC group had only one gene variation. Conclusions: Our study showed that DIC gastric cancers had unique molecular characteristics. Their development may be driven by malfunction in steroid hormone receptors activation other than TP53. DIC GC harbored less DNA variations than non-DIC GC. Circulating cytokine, such as MIP-1α、IL-8、TNF-α and MCP-1, may be served as potential monitoring indicators in the acute phase of DIC GC patients

scholarly journals THE ULTRASTRUCTURE OF FROG VENTRICULAR CARDIAC MUSCLE AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO MECHANISMS OF EXCITATION-CONTRACTION COUPLING

1968 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Staley ◽  
Ellis S. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Mammalian Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Thin Filaments ◽  
Excitation Contraction Coupling ◽  
Contraction Coupling ◽  
Dense Granules

Frog ventricular cardiac muscle has structural features which set it apart from frog and mammalian skeletal muscle and mammalian cardiac muscle. In describing these differences, our attention focused chiefly on the distribution of cellular membranes. Abundant inter cellular clefts, the absence of tranverse tubules, and the paucity of sarcotubules, together with exceedingly small cell diameters (less than 5 µ), support the suggestion that the mechanism of excitation-contraction coupling differs in these muscle cells from that now thought to be characteristic of striated muscle such as skeletal muscle and mammalian cardiac muscle. These structural dissimilarities also imply that the mechanism of relaxation in frog ventricular muscle differs from that considered typical of other striated muscles. Additional ultrastructural features of frog ventricular heart muscle include spherical electron-opaque bodies on thin filaments, inconstantly present, forming a rank across the I band about 150 mµ from the Z line, and membrane-bounded dense granules resembling neurosecretory granules. The functional significance of these features is not yet clear.

Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with acute hemoglobinemia or hemoglobinuria following Rho(D) immune globulin intravenous administration for immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 1532-1537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Reed Gaines
Keyword(s):  
Immune Globulin ◽  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Packed Red Blood Cells ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
First Case

Abstract The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) licensed Rho(D) immune globulin intravenous (anti-D IGIV) on March 24, 1995, for treatment of immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). A previous review described data on 15 patients who experienced acute hemoglobinemia or hemoglobinuria following anti-D IGIV administration for ITP or secondary thrombocytopenia. Eleven of those patients also experienced clinically compromising anemia, transfusion with packed red blood cells, renal insufficiency, dialysis, or death. That review suggested that patients receiving anti-D IGIV be monitored for those and other potential complications of hemoglobinemia, particularly disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Through November 30, 2004, the FDA received 6 reports of DIC associated with “acute hemolysis” (or similar terms), 5 of which involved fatalities. The attending or consulting physicians assessed that acute hemolysis or DIC caused or contributed to each death. This review presents the first case series of DIC associated with acute hemoglobinemia or hemoglobinuria following anti-D IGIV administration for ITP. The purpose of this review is to increase awareness among physicians and other health care professionals that DIC may be a rare but potentially severe complication of anti-D IGIV treatment. Increased awareness of DIC as a diagnostic possibility may enable prompt recognition and medical intervention in affected patients.

scholarly journals Troponin Variants as Markers of Skeletal Muscle Health and Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Rasmussen ◽  
Jian-Ping Jin
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Thin Filaments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Development And Aging ◽  
Regulation Of Muscle Contraction

Ca2+-regulated contractility is a key determinant of the quality of muscles. The sarcomeric myofilament proteins are essential players in the contraction of striated muscles. The troponin complex in the actin thin filaments plays a central role in the Ca2+-regulation of muscle contraction and relaxation. Among the three subunits of troponin, the Ca2+-binding subunit troponin C (TnC) is a member of the calmodulin super family whereas troponin I (TnI, the inhibitory subunit) and troponin T (TnT, the tropomyosin-binding and thin filament anchoring subunit) are striated muscle-specific regulatory proteins. Muscle type-specific isoforms of troponin subunits are expressed in fast and slow twitch fibers and are regulated during development and aging, and in adaptation to exercise or disuse. TnT also evolved with various alternative splice forms as an added capacity of muscle functional diversity. Mutations of troponin subunits cause myopathies. Owing to their physiological and pathological importance, troponin variants can be used as specific markers to define muscle quality. In this focused review, we will explore the use of troponin variants as markers for the fiber contents, developmental and differentiation states, contractile functions, and physiological or pathophysiological adaptations of skeletal muscle. As protein structure defines function, profile of troponin variants illustrates how changes at the myofilament level confer functional qualities at the fiber level. Moreover, understanding of the role of troponin modifications and mutants in determining muscle contractility in age-related decline of muscle function and in myopathies informs an approach to improve human health.

Clinical, haematological and pathomorphological findings in Mycoplasma suis infected pigs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Stadler ◽  
Julia Ade ◽  
Walter Hermanns ◽  
Mathias Ritzmann ◽  
Sarah Wentzel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Cell Tropism ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Intravascular Coagulation ◽  
Mycoplasma Suis ◽  
Copy Numbers ◽  
Normocytic Anaemia ◽  
Laboratory Investigations

Abstract Background Mycoplasma suis belongs to the group of haemotrophic mycoplasmas and is known as the causative agent of infectious anaemia in pigs. In the last few years valuable insights into the mechanism of adhesion and invasion, shedding patterns and cell tropism of M. suis were gained by the use of new molecular techniques. However, details on M. suis induced lesions as well as the distribution of M. suis in different organs are still lacking. Therefore, seven splenectomised pigs were experimentally infected and clinical and laboratory investigations as well as a detailed histopathological examination were performed. Detection and quantification of M. suis DNA in blood and various tissue samples was done using a quantitative real-time PCR.Results During the course of experimental infection, periodically occurring signs of infectious anaemia of pigs including severe icteroanaemia, fever, apathy and anorexia were observed. In addition, dermatological manifestations such as haemorrhagic diathesis presenting as petechiae occurred. The most important haematological alterations were normochromic, normocytic anaemia, hypoglycaemia as well as increased bilirubin and urea concentrations. Necropsy revealed predominant evidence of haemolysis with consecutive anaemia, as well as disseminated intravascular coagulation. M. suis was found in all investigated tissues with the highest copy numbers found in the kidneys. In Giemsa stained sections M. suis was only detected red blood cell (RBC)-associated.Conclusion In the present study, no RBC independent sequestration of M. suis was detected in organs of experimentally infected pigs. Pathological findings are most likely resulting from haemolysis, consecutive anaemia as well as from disseminated intravascular coagulation and subsequent organ impairments.

scholarly journals Contractile Properties of Esophageal Striated Muscle: Comparison with Cardiac and Skeletal Muscles in Rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiko Shiina ◽  
Takeshi Shima ◽  
Kazuaki Masuda ◽  
Haruko Hirayama ◽  
Momoe Iwami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Electrical Field Stimulation ◽  
Muscle Layer ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
High Frequency Stimulation ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Contractile Responses ◽  
Esophageal Muscle

The external muscle layer of the mammalian esophagus consists of striated muscles. We investigated the contractile properties of esophageal striated muscle by comparison with those of skeletal and cardiac muscles. Electrical field stimulation with single pulses evoked twitch-like contractile responses in esophageal muscle, similar to those in skeletal muscle in duration and similar to those in cardiac muscle in amplitude. The contractions of esophageal muscle were not affected by an inhibitor of gap junctions. Contractile responses induced by high potassium or caffeine in esophageal muscle were analogous to those in skeletal muscle. High-frequency stimulation induced a transient summation of contractions followed by sustained contractions with amplitudes similar to those of twitch-like contractions, although a large summation was observed in skeletal muscle. The results demonstrate that esophageal muscle has properties similar but not identical to those of skeletal muscle and that some specific properties may be beneficial for esophageal peristalsis.

scholarly journals An invertebrate smooth muscle with striated muscle myosin filaments

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (42) ◽  
pp. E5660-E5668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guidenn Sulbarán ◽  
Lorenzo Alamo ◽  
Antonio Pinto ◽  
Gustavo Márquez ◽  
Franklin Méndez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Actin Filaments ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Structural Similarity ◽  
Striated Muscles ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Myosin Filaments ◽  
Muscle Myosin ◽  
Surprising Finding

Muscle tissues are classically divided into two major types, depending on the presence or absence of striations. In striated muscles, the actin filaments are anchored at Z-lines and the myosin and actin filaments are in register, whereas in smooth muscles, the actin filaments are attached to dense bodies and the myosin and actin filaments are out of register. The structure of the filaments in smooth muscles is also different from that in striated muscles. Here we have studied the structure of myosin filaments from the smooth muscles of the human parasite Schistosoma mansoni. We find, surprisingly, that they are indistinguishable from those in an arthropod striated muscle. This structural similarity is supported by sequence comparison between the schistosome myosin II heavy chain and known striated muscle myosins. In contrast, the actin filaments of schistosomes are similar to those of smooth muscles, lacking troponin-dependent regulation. We conclude that schistosome muscles are hybrids, containing striated muscle-like myosin filaments and smooth muscle-like actin filaments in a smooth muscle architecture. This surprising finding has broad significance for understanding how muscles are built and how they evolved, and challenges the paradigm that smooth and striated muscles always have distinctly different components.

scholarly journals The effects of caldesmon on the ATPase activities of rabbit skeletal-muscle myosin

1986 ◽  
Vol 238 (2) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Lim ◽  
M P Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Atpase Activity ◽  
Striated Muscle ◽  
Physiological Activity ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Myosin ◽  
Contractile State ◽  
Calmodulin Binding ◽  
Muscle Tissues ◽  
Troponin Complex ◽  
Muscle Myosin

We studied the effects of caldesmon, a major actin- and calmodulin-binding protein found in a variety of muscle and non-muscle tissues, on the various ATPase activities of skeletal-muscle myosin. Caldesmon inhibited the actin-activated myosin Mg2+-ATPase, and this inhibition was enhanced by tropomyosin. In the presence of the troponin complex and tropomyosin, caldesmon inhibited the Ca2+-dependent actomyosin Mg2+-ATPase; this inhibition could be partly overcome by Ca2+/calmodulin. Caldesmon, phosphorylated to the extent of approximately 4 mol of Pi/mol of caldesmon, inhibited the actin-activated myosin Mg2+-ATPase to the same extent as did non-phosphorylated caldesmon. Both inhibitions could be overcome by Ca2+/calmodulin. Caldesmon also inhibited the Mg2+-ATPase activity of skeletal-muscle myosin in the absence of actin; this inhibition also could be overcome by Ca2+/calmodulin. Caldesmon inhibited the Ca2+-ATPase activity of skeletal-muscle myosin in the presence or absence of actin, at both low (0.1 M-KCl) and high (0.3 M-KCl) ionic strength. Finally, caldesmon inhibited the skeletal-muscle myosin K+/EDTA-ATPase at 0.1 M-KCl, but not at 0.3 M-KCl. Addition of actin resulted in no inhibition of this ATPase by caldesmon at either 0.1 M- or 0.3 M-KCl. These observations suggest that caldesmon may function in the regulation of actin-myosin interactions in striated muscle and thereby modulate the contractile state of the muscle. The demonstration that caldesmon inhibits a variety of myosin ATPase activities in the absence of actin indicates a direct effect of caldesmon on myosin. The inhibition of the actin-activated Mg2+-ATPase activity of myosin (the physiological activity) may not be due therefore simply to the binding of caldesmon to the actin filament causing blockage of myosin-cross-bridge-actin interaction.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document