scholarly journals On genomics, kin, and privacy

F1000Research ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalio Telenti ◽  
Erman Ayday ◽  
Jean Pierre Hubaux
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Genomic Information ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
Additional Layer ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personal Decision

The storage of greater numbers of exomes or genomes raises the question of loss of privacy for the individual and for families if genomic data are not properly protected. Access to genome data may result from a personal decision to disclose, or from gaps in protection. In either case, revealing genome data has consequences beyond the individual, as it compromises the privacy of family members. Increasing availability of genome data linked or linkable to metadata through online social networks and services adds one additional layer of complexity to the protection of genome privacy.  The field of computer science and information technology offers solutions to secure genomic data so that individuals, medical personnel or researchers can access only the subset of genomic information required for healthcare or dedicated studies.

scholarly journals A Bio-Inspired Defensive Rumor Confinement Strategy in Online Social Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-70
Author(s):  
Santhoshkumar Srinivasan ◽  
Dhinesh Babu L. D.
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Information Propagation ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Rumor Propagation ◽  
Immunization Strategies ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rumor Control

Online social networks (OSNs) are used to connect people and propagate information around the globe. Along with information propagation, rumors also penetrate across the OSNs in a massive order. Controlling the rumor propagation is utmost important to reduce the damage it causes to society. Educating the individual participants of OSNs is one of the effective ways to control the rumor faster. To educate people in OSNs, this paper proposes a defensive rumor control approach that spreads anti-rumors by the inspiration from the immunization strategies of social insects. In this approach, a new information propagation model is defined to study the defensive nature of true information against rumors. Then, an anti-rumor propagation method with a set of influential spreaders is employed to defend against the rumor. The proposed approach is compared with the existing rumor containment approaches and the results indicate that the proposed approach works well in controlling the rumors.

Social Identities, Group Formation, and the Analysis of Online Communities

2010 ◽  
pp. 1346-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillianne R. Code ◽  
Nicholas E. Zaparyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
New Members ◽  
The Individual

Central to research in social psychology is the means in which communities form, attract new members, and develop over time. Research has found that the relative anonymity of Internet communication encourages self-expression and facilitates the formation of relationships based on shared values and beliefs. Self-expression in online social networks enables identity experimentation and development. As identities are fluid, situationally contingent, and are the perpetual subject and object of negotiation within the individual, the presented and perceived identity of the individual may not match reality. In this chapter, the authors consider the psychological challenges unique to understanding the dynamics of social identity formation and strategic interaction in online social networks. The psychological development of social identities in online social network interaction is discussed, highlighting how collective identity and self-categorization associates social identity to online group formation. The overall aim of this chapter is to explore how social identity affects the formation and development of online communities, how to analyze the development of these communities, and the implications such social networks have within education.

Social Identities, Group Formation, and the Analysis of Online Communities

2010 ◽  
pp. 86-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jillianne R. Code ◽  
Nicholas E. Zaparyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Online Communities ◽  
Collective Identity ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Group Formation ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
New Members ◽  
The Individual

Central to research in social psychology is the means in which communities form, attract new members, and develop over time. Research has found that the relative anonymity of Internet communication encourages self-expression and facilitates the formation of relationships based on shared values and beliefs. Self-expression in online social networks enables identity experimentation and development. As identities are fluid, situationally contingent, and are the perpetual subject and object of negotiation within the individual, the presented and perceived identity of the individual may not match reality. In this chapter, the authors consider the psychological challenges unique to understanding the dynamics of social identity formation and strategic interaction in online social networks. The psychological development of social identities in online social network interaction is discussed, highlighting how collective identity and self-categorization associates social identity to online group formation. The overall aim of this chapter is to explore how social identity affects the formation and development of online communities, how to analyze the development of these communities, and the implications such social networks have within education.

Role of Privacy and Trust in Mobile Business Social Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 287-313
Author(s):  
István Mezgár ◽  
Sonja Grabner-Kräuter
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Virtual Community ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Mobile Business ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

New information and communication technologies and their integration extend the possibilities for people for high level collaboration independently where they are on the globe. Various groups of people can come together according to their private or business interest forming a virtual community (VC) through online social networks. Beside the positive effects of this technical breakthrough there are dangerous sides of using these high level networked systems; the personal data of the individuals can be used by other persons especially when the individual doesn’t take care of them. So, privacy has now an increasingly important role in social networked environments. As trust is the base of the society there is close connection between trust and privacy. The goal of this paper is to present the role and relationships between trust and privacy in mobile (business) social networks, and to introduce the possible types of privacy threats and countermeasures in case of online social networks. A short summary on future trends in mobile social networks is also presented.

The Role of Social Networks in Distributed Informal Information Systems for Innovation

2012 ◽  
pp. 60-75
Author(s):  
Vasco Vasconcelos ◽  
Pedro Campos
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Market Research ◽  
Distributed Information ◽  
Collaborative Tools ◽  
Multiple Data ◽  
Informal Information ◽  
Media Environments ◽  
The Individual

Web 2.0 and Enterprise 2.0 concepts offer a whole new set of collaborative tools that allow new approaches to market research, in order to explore continuously and ever fast-growing social and media environments. Simultaneously, the exponential growth of online Social Networks, along with a combination of computer-based tools, is contributing to the construction of new kinds of research communities, in which respondents interact with researchers as well as with each other. Furthermore, by studying the networks, researchers are able to manage multiple data sources - user-generated contents. The main purpose of this paper is to propose a new concept of Distributed Informal Information Systems for Innovation that arises from the interaction of the accumulated stock of knowledge emerging at the individual (micro) level. A descriptive study unveils and reports when and how market research professionals use Social Networks for their work and therefore create distributed information systems for Innovation.

scholarly journals Others' fortune in online vs offline settings: how envy affects people's intention to share information

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Suárez Vázquez ◽  
Manuel Chica Serrano
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Online Social Networks ◽  
Online Social Network ◽  
Social Comparisons ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Share Information

PurposeThis paper aims to fill a gap in the existing literature by answering the following question: is the effect of envy on people's intention to share information the same in offline settings and on online social networks?Design/methodology/approachTwo studies demonstrate (1) how envy that results from upward social comparisons affects people's intention to share information and (2) the difference between online and offline settings.FindingsThe likelihood of sharing information susceptible of triggering envy is lower in online social networks than in an offline scenario.Research limitations/implicationsIn digital environments, feelings of envy depend on the number of social comparisons that the individual is exposed to.Practical implicationsThis research recommends (1) incorporating tools that allow online social network users to feel part of their network's successes, (2) promoting offline diffusion of information and (3) encouraging people to play an active role when using online social networks.Social implicationsBenefits can be derived from offering tools that permit receivers to take advantage of the selective self-presentation of other users. Such tools could have positive consequences for the welfare of online social network users.Originality/valueTo date, the literature has paid no attention to envy as an engine of information sharing. This aspect is especially relevant when discussing platforms whose main goal is precisely information sharing and that offer fertile ground for upward social comparisons.

scholarly journals Genomic Privacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1696-1703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham P Schwab ◽  
Hung S Luu ◽  
Jason Wang ◽  
Jason Y Park
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Genome Data ◽  
The Us ◽  
Genomic Privacy ◽  
The Individual

Abstract BACKGROUND Genetic information is unique among all laboratory data because it not only informs the current health of the specific person tested but may also be predictive of the future health of the individual and, to varying degrees, all biological relatives. CONTENT As DNA sequencing has become ubiquitous with decreasing cost, large repositories of genomic data have emerged from the domains of research, healthcare, law enforcement, international security, and recreational consumer interest (i.e., genealogy). Broadly shared genomic data are believed to be a key element for future discoveries in human disease. For example, the National Cancer Institute's Genomic Data Commons is designed to promote cancer research discoveries by providing free access to the genome data sets of 12000 cancer patients. However, in parallel with the promise of curing diseases, genomic data also have the potential for harm. Genomic data that are deidentified by standard healthcare practices (e.g., removal of name, date of birth) can be reidentified by methods that combine genomic software with publicly available demographic databases (e.g., phone book). Recent law enforcement cases (i.e., Bear Brook Murders, Golden State Killer) in the US have demonstrated the power of combining DNA profiles with genealogy databases. SUMMARY We examine the current environment of genomic privacy and confidentiality in the US and describe current and future risks to genomic privacy. Reidentification and inference of genetic information of biological relatives will become more important as larger databases of clinical, criminal, and recreational genomic information are developed over the next decade.

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