scholarly journals Experiences of violence among female and male grade eight learners: baseline findings from the Girls Achieve Power (GAP Year) trial across three South African townships

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Alison Kutywayo ◽  
Sasha Frade ◽  
Tshepo Mahuma ◽  
Nicolette Naidoo ◽  
Saiqa Mullick
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adolescent Violence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Gap Year

Background: South African adolescents experience disproportionally high rates of violence, with lifelong health, social and economic impacts. Few papers present risk factors associated with experiences of adolescent violence. Methods: A baseline cross-sectional survey was done (April 2017 – Sept 2018) with 3432 grade 8 learners in the Girls Achieve Power (GAP Year) trial from 26 high schools in three townships (Soweto and Tembisa, Gauteng and Khayelitsha, Western Cape). Collected data on lifetime experiences of different types of violence, perpetrators, and place of violence. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to enumerate experiences of, and factors associated with violence. Results: A total of 2383 respondents are included. Most (63.1%) were girls, 81.5% aged 12-14. In total 26% had ever experienced violence, higher among boys (p=<0.001). Physical violence was most common (35.7%), then psychological (21.8%), sexual (13.1%), neglect (10.6%), cyberbullying (7.6%), corporal punishment (6.5%) and economic abuse (4.8%). Boys experienced more physical violence (36.0%); girls experienced more psychological violence (22.2%). Gauteng had double the reports of sexual violence (18.4% vs 7.6%, p<0.001). Violence happened most at school (27.4%), followed by the park (19.8%) or their friends’ home (12.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that boys (aOR 1.57; 95% CV 1.27-1.94; p=0.000), those aged 15-17 years (aOR 1.41; 95% CV 1.07-1.84; p=0.013), those who ever used substances (aOR 1.92; 95% CI 1.54-2.37; p=0.000), and those who sometimes feel worthless (aOR 1.35; 95% CI 1.10-1.64, p=0.003) were at higher odds of ever experiencing violence. Those who had never had sex were less likely to have ever experienced violence (aOR 0.66; 95% CI 0.51-0.83; p=0.001). Conclusion: Urgently need wider adoption, scaling, and sustaining of evidence-based primary violence prevention and structural interventions are required to reduce the high burden of adolescent violence. Stakeholders across the ecological model are needed to tackle harmful cultural norms that perpetuate violence.

scholarly journals Commitment and the emigration intentions of South African professional nurses

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey J. Bagraim
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Employee Commitment ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Public Health Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tertiary Hospitals ◽  
Quantitative Design ◽  
The Relationship

The emigration of skilled nurses from South Africa exacerbates the crisis in the provision of public health services. A descriptive, quantitative design was applied to investigate the relationship between intention to emigrate and employee commitment. Over 400 registered nurses (N = 419), working within public sector tertiary hospitals in the Western Cape, responded to a cross-sectional survey questionnaire. Three foci of employee commitment (organisational, professional and national) were examined but only national commitment significantly helped predict intention to emigrate from South Africa in the regression model (beta = -0.0525, p < 0.0001). The implications of the results obtained in this study are discussed.Die emigrasie van verpleegkundiges uit Suid-Afrika vererger die krisis in die verskaffing van gesondheidsorgdienste in die land. ’n Beskrywende, kwantitatiewe ontwerp is gebruik om die verwantskap tussen werknemertoewyding en die voorneme om te emigreer te ondersoek. Meer as 400 verpleegsters (N = 419) wat in openbare tersiêre hospitale in die Wes-Kaap werk, het op die vraelys gereageer. Drie fokusareas van toewyding (organisatories, professioneel en nasionaal) is gemeet, maar net nasionale toewyding het daartoe bygedra om emigrasievoorneme te voorspel (beta = -0.0525, p < 0.0001). Die implikasies van hierdie resultate word bespreek.

Prosthetic use by persons with unilateral transfemoral amputation in a South African setting

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbeth Pienaar ◽  
Surona Visagie
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Walking Distance ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Prosthetic Rehabilitation ◽  
Transfemoral Amputation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Population

Background: Due to limitations in provision of prosthetic care in South Africa, a screening tool to select transfemoral prosthetic candidates has been implemented. Objective: To describe prosthetic services, use and mobility of people with transfemoral amputation, identified as prosthetic candidates through the Guidelines for Screening of Prosthetic Candidates: Lower Limb, and to identify variables that might influence prosthetic use and mobility. Design: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: The study population included all adults who received their first prosthesis from the Orthotic and Prosthetic Centre in the Western Cape between 1 June 2011 and 31 December 2014. Data were collected, with an adapted version of the Prosthetic Profile of the Amputee, from 43 participants, through telephonic interviews. Descriptive and inferential analysis, with the chi-square test, was done. Results: The majority of participants were older than 50 years (77%). Most participants (35; 81%) used their prosthesis; however, only 42% (18) used it daily. A significant association ( p = 0.000) was found between prosthetic rehabilitation and self-reported prosthetic walking distance. Less than half of participants received prosthetic rehabilitation and only 10 (30%) could walk 500 steps and more without resting. Conclusion: Participants used their prosthetic leg, but experienced limitations in frequency of wear and mobility. Clinical relevance Current findings showed that participants’ prosthetic mobility was curtailed. In less-resourced settings, carefully selecting prosthetic candidates may be necessary to provide access to services. Prosthetic provision is advised to be followed up with prosthetic rehabilitation for favourable mobility outcomes.

scholarly journals Extent and risk factors of psychological violence towards physicians and Standardised Residency Training physicians: a Northern China experience

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiying Fang ◽  
Lifeng Wei ◽  
Jingfu Mao ◽  
Haonan Jia ◽  
Peng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Residency Training ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Response ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Training Physicians

Abstract Purpose Physicians and Standardised Residency Training physicians (SRTPs) have relatively high exposure to psychological violence. Its adverse effects are far greater than those of physical violence. However, no previous research has paid attention to the problem of psychological violence among them. This study aims to evaluate the extent, characteristics, and risk factors of psychological violence among SRTPs in comparison to physicians, and also to highlight the psychological violence experienced by SRTPs and suggest preventive measures. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in northern China. 884 physicians and 537 SRTPs completed a questionnaire which compiled by the ILO, ICN, WHO and PSI in 2003 to measure violence in the workplace. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyse results. Results The effective response rates of physicians and SRTPs were 63.1%(884/1400) and 86.3%(537/622) respectively. 73.0%(645/884) of physicians and 24.8%(133/537) of SRTPs suffered psychological violence in the past year. Compared to physicians (29/645, 4.5%), SRTPs (42/133, 31.6%) experience more internal violence. Further, after experiencing psychological violence, physicians are willing to talk to family and friends, but SRTPs generally take no action. Shift work was a risk factor for both physicians (OR 1.440, 95% CI 1.014–2.203) and SRTPs (OR 1.851, 95% CI 1.217–2.815) suffering from psychological violence. In contrast, no anxiety symptoms protected physicians (OR 0.406, 95% CI 0.209–0.789) and SRTPs (OR 0.404, 95% CI 0.170–0.959) against psychological violence. Conclusions SRTPs and physicians in northern China have a high risk of experiencing psychological violence, and physicians experience more. Meanwhile, there are obvious differences in responses to psychological violence and risk factors between them. Therefore, medical institutions should pay more attention to psychological violence, especially among SRTPs, such as supporting the reporting of psychological violence, strengthening team relationships, and providing psychological comfort and counselling. Trial registration number (Project Identification Code: HMUIRB20160014), Registered May 10, 2016.

scholarly journals Primary school teachers’ opinions and attitudes towards stuttering in two South African urban education districts

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristen Abrahams ◽  
Michal Harty ◽  
Kenneth O. St. Louis ◽  
Lehana Thabane ◽  
Harsha Kathard
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Primary School ◽  
South African ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Western Cape ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intervention Process ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Teachers Attitudes

Background: As teachers form an important part of the intervention process with childrenwho stutter in primary school, the primary aim was to describe primary school teachers’attitudes in South Africa. The secondary aim was to compare teachers’ attitudes towardsstuttering in South Africa with those from a pooled group of respondents in the Public OpinionSurvey of Human Attributes–Stuttering (POSHA-S) database from different countries collectedin 2009–2014.Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional survey research design was used. Primary schools intwo education districts in Western Cape, South Africa, were sampled. The POSHA-S, a selfadministeredquestionnaire, was completed by a cluster sample of 469 participants.Results: Overall positive attitudes towards stuttering were found, specifically related to thepotential of people who stutter, although the result should be interpreted with caution as thesample was not homogenously positive. Teachers still had misconceptions about personalitystereotypes and the cause of stuttering. The attitudes of the South African sample were slightlymore positive compared with the samples in the current POSHA-S database.Conclusion: When developing stuttering intervention strategies, there are a number of keyconsiderations to take into account. The study provides a basis for speech-language therapiststo think about intervention with teachers and which areas of stuttering to consider.

scholarly journals Risk assessment of workplace violence towards health workers in a Chinese hospital: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e042800
Author(s):  
Yujie Liu ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Na Chen ◽  
Yiming Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Workplace Violence ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Baseline Survey ◽  
Security Measures ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with workplace violence towards health workers (HWs) in a Chinese hospital.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in a Chinese secondary hospital in 2019 using an international survey questionnaire, and collected valid data from 1028 HW respondents via mobile phone. Alongside analysing the potential association between exposure to violence and respondents’ characteristics, we compared the workplace violence between this survey and a baseline survey in the same hospital using the same questionnaire in 2018, and investigated the existing measures.ResultsA total of 5.45% of respondents had encountered physical violence while 41.63% had experienced psychological violence. Women (OR=3.45, 95% CI 1.87 to 6.38), those working in outpatient and emergency departments (OR=7.96, 95% CI 2.27 to 27.95), and those with extremely high concern about workplace violence (OR=7.94, 95% CI 1.04 to 60.85) were significantly more likely to suffer physical violence. Working in the outpatient and emergency department (OR=2.03, 95% CI 1.23 to 3.34), having direct physical contact/interaction with patients (OR=2.98, 95% CI 1.62 to 5.49), and extremely high worry about workplace violence (OR=6.47 95% CI 3.38 to 12.40) significantly increased the risk of psychological violence. When the results of the baseline survey were compared with those in this survey, it was shown that physical violence declined significantly from 8.79% in 2018 to 5.45% in 2019, while psychological violence declined significantly from 47.14% in 2018 to 41.63% in 2019. The most recognised measures were security measures (81.03%) while the least recognised measures were check-in procedures for staff (11.19%).ConclusionWorkplace violence towards HWs is a global problem with country-specific features. In our study, workplace violence in the hospital is of great concern. While demonstrating the effectiveness of measures in some degree, there is significant room for improvement. To achieve the vision of ‘zero violence’ in the health sector, aligned comprehensive measures should be systematically adopted.

Prevalence and determinant factors of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in Marrakesh province, Morocco: A cross- sectional survey

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Soufiane El Moussaoui ◽  
Kamal Kaoutar ◽  
Ahmed Chetoui ◽  
Abdeslam El Kardoudi ◽  
Fatiha Chigr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Survey Report ◽  
Duration Of Breastfeeding ◽  
Breastfeeding Practice

BACKGROUND: Exclusive breastfeeding is the best form of nutrition for infants during the first 6 months of life. Nevertheless, the practice of breastfeeding is currently declining throughout the world. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practice and its associated factors among mothers living in Marrakesh province, Morocco. METHODS: The data were collected using an interviewer administered questionnaire. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practice. RESULTS: Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding was 50.2%. Mothers with age more than 30 years, residing in rural area, receiving counseling related breastfeeding during antenatal follow up and having knowledge about duration of breastfeeding were more likely to practice exclusive breastfeeding than their counterparts. CONCLUSION: Although the prevalence of breastfeeding in Marrakesh was higher than the last national survey report but it is still insufficient. These findings have to stress authorities and deciders to sensitize mothers and future mothers to increase exclusive breastfeeding practice notably through the involvement of health professionals.

scholarly journals Assessing Factors Associated with TB Awareness in Nepal: A National and Subnational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5124
Author(s):  
Yoko Iwaki ◽  
Santosh Kumar Rauniyar ◽  
Shuhei Nomura ◽  
Michael C. Huang
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
High Level

Tuberculosis (TB) has still remained a serious global health threat in low- and middle-income countries in recent years. As of 2021, Nepal is one of the high TB burden countries, with an increasing prevalence of cases. This study evaluates factors associated with TB awareness in Nepal. This study uses data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey carried out from June 2016 to January 2017. Multilevel logistic regression is performed to examine the association of demographic and socioeconomic factors with TB awareness. Our findings show a high level of TB awareness in all seven provinces of Nepal. Province 5 has the highest level of awareness (98.1%) among all provinces, followed by provinces 3 and 4, while province 6 has the lowest awareness level (93.2%) compared to others. Socioeconomic factors such as wealth, education and owning a mobile phone are significantly associated with TB awareness. Socioeconomic determinants are influential factors associated with TB awareness in Nepal. The wide variation in the proportion of awareness at a regional level emphasizes the importance of formulating tailored strategies to increase TB awareness. For instance, the use of mobile phones could be an effective strategy to promote TB awareness at a regional level. This study provides valuable evidence to support further research on the contribution of information and communication technology (ICT) usage to improving TB awareness in Nepal.

scholarly journals Utilization of denture adhesives and the factors associated with its use: a cross-sectional survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tun Min Bo ◽  
Yohei Hama ◽  
Norihisa Akiba ◽  
Shunsuke Minakuchi
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Denture Adhesives
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