Factors associated with physical violence against children in Haiti: a national population-based cross-sectional survey

Abstract Doctors have a greater risk of acquiring COVID-19 due to occupational exposure. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is an essential factor in reducing COVID-19 transmission. We aimed to evaluate the risk of moderate-severe COVID-19 infection and behavior adaptation in PPE usage among doctors who survived COVID-19 in Indonesia. This was an online population-based cross-sectional survey among Indonesian doctors of COVID-19 survivors. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with moderate-severe COVID-19 infection. A total of 389 doctors who survived COVID-19 infection across in Indonesia was included in this study. Most participants were young doctors (20-39 years: 69.7%), general practitioners (50.4%), working in COVID-19 designated hospitals (62.5%), and worked more than 40 hours/week (57.8%). Factors associated with moderate-severe COVID-19 were IMA moderate occupational risk (aOR 4.14, 95% CI: 1.11-15.47), age 40-59 years (aOR 3.24, 95% CI: 1.99-5.29), working in COVID-19 designated hospital (aOR 1.89, 95% CI: 1.18-3.01), and higher BMI (aOR 1.88, 95% CI: 1.00-3.54). N95 respirator and other PPEs use improved after these doctors recovered from COVID-19 infection in isolation and non-isolation rooms. In conclusion, working COVID-19 designated hospital, moderate occupational risk, higher BMI, and age 40-59 were associated with moderate-severe COVID-19 among doctors in Indonesia.

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Alcohol use and its associated factors during pregnancy in Ethiopia: a population-based survey

10.21203/rs.3.rs-52915/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Nitsu Addis ◽

Muluken Azage ◽

Dabere Nigatu ◽

Kristen Kirksey

Keyword(s):

Alcohol Use ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Population Based ◽

Cluster Sampling ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Multivariable Logistic Regression Model ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Population Based Survey

Abstract Background: Alcohol use during pregnancy is a modifiable health behavior that causes a range of health problems in infants, including impaired growth, stillbirth, and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder. However, there is lack of comprehensive information on alcohol use and associated factors during pregnancy using a population-based dataset in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy and associated factors using a national, population-based survey.Methods: The study utilized data from the 2011 and 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, a cross-sectional survey conducted on a nationally representative sample. The survey employed a multistage cluster sampling method to generate representative national and sub-national health and health related indicators. A total of 2,341 pregnant women were included in the analysis. Factors associated with alcohol use were identified using multivariable logistic regression model. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were computed to quantify the degree of association between independent variables and alcohol use.Results: In Ethiopia, the prevalence of alcohol use among pregnant women was 30.2% (95% CI: 28.4%-32.2%). The study identified that being employed (AOR: 2.07; 95%CI: 1.55-2.77), ever attempted termination of pregnancy (AOR: 2.21; 95% CI: 1.60-3.05), having two (AOR: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.76-3.72), or three (AOR: 2.98; 95% CI: 1.40-6.35) sexual partners in lifetime and chat chewing (AOR: 8.91; 95% CI: 4.61-17.23) had increased the odds of alcohol use during pregnancy.Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of alcohol use during pregnancy among Ethiopian mothers was high. Working status, ever used something to terminate the pregnancy, more than one lifetime partner, and chat chewing were factors associated with alcohol use during pregnancy. Thus, prevention interventions and strategies can draw on the identified modifiable health behaviors.

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Retraction Note: Factors associated with induced abortion in Nepal: data from a nationally representative population-based cross-sectional survey

Reproductive Health ◽

10.1186/s12978-020-0867-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Suresh Mehata ◽

Jamie Menzel ◽

Navaraj Bhattarai ◽

Sharad Kumar Sharma ◽

Mukta Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Population Based ◽

Induced Abortion ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Nationally Representative

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Prevalence and factors associated with fatigue in the Lausanne middle-aged population: a population-based, cross-sectional survey

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027070 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. e027070 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Coralie Galland-Decker ◽

Pedro Marques-Vidal ◽

Peter Vollenweider

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Sleep Disturbances ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Multivariable Analysis ◽

Population Based ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated

ObjectiveTo assess the prevalence and factors associated with fatigue in the general population.DesignPopulation-based, cross-sectional survey performed between May 2014 and April 2017.SettingGeneral population of the city of Lausanne, Switzerland.Participants2848 participants (53.2% women, age range 45–86 years).Primary outcome measurePrevalence of fatigue the previous week, defined as a score of ≥4 using the Fatigue Severity Scale.ResultsThe prevalence of fatigue was 21.9% (95% CI 20.4% to 23.4%) in the total sample. On bivariate analysis, participants with fatigue were younger, had a higher body mass index, a lower handgrip strength and lower ferritin levels. Participants with fatigue were more frequently women, had a lower educational level, presented more frequently with clinical insomnia, diabetes, anaemia, depression and low thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) values, had a higher consumption of antihistamines, antidepressants and hypnotics, and rated more frequently their health as bad or very bad. Multivariable analysis showed that obesity (OR 1.40 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.91)), insomnia categories (p value for trend <0.001), depression (OR 3.26 (95% CI 2.38 to 4.46)), anaemia (OR 1.70 (95% CI 1.00 to 2.89)) and low self-rated health status (p value for trend <0.001) were positively associated with fatigue, while older age (p value for trend 0.002) was negatively associated with fatigue. Conversely, no association was found for diabetes, TSH levels, antihistamines or hypnotics.ConclusionIn a population-based sample aged 45–86, fatigue was present in one out of five subjects. Regarding clinical factors, sleep disturbances such as insomnia and sleep apnoea should be assessed first, followed by depression. Regarding biological factors, anaemia should be ruled out, while screening for hypothyroidism is not recommended as a first step. Sleep complaints and fatigue in older subjects are not due to ageing and should prompt identification of the underlying cause.

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Predictors of Intention to Vaccinate against COVID-19 in the General Public in Hong Kong: Findings from a Population-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey

Vaccines ◽

10.3390/vaccines9070696 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (7) ◽

pp. 696

Author(s):

Elsie Yan ◽

Daniel W. L. Lai ◽

Vincent W. P. Lee

Keyword(s):

Hong Kong ◽

Health Belief ◽

Vaccine Safety ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Vaccine Hesitancy ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

To Receive

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways to stop the spread of COVID-19. Understanding factors associated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines is the key to a successful vaccination programme. This cross-sectional study explored the rate of vaccination intention and identified its predictors using the health belief model (HBM) in the general population in Hong Kong during the pandemic. Data were collected between December 2020 and January 2021 via telephone surveys. Hierarchical logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines. A total of 1255 adults (>18 years, 53% female) completed the telephone survey. Overall, 42% indicated an intention to vaccinate, 31.5% showed vaccine hesitancy, and 26.5% reported refusal to receive any COVID-19 vaccines. Individuals who were men, older in age, working, with past experiences of other pandemics, less concerned with the vaccine safety, with poorer knowledge about COVID-19, and having greater levels of perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, cues to action, and acceptance of governmental preventive measures related to COVID-19 were significantly more likely to report an intention to vaccinate. The low intention among the Hong Kong population reflects the importance of developing effective vaccination promotion campaigns with the predictors identified in this study.

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Experiences of violence among female and male grade eight learners: baseline findings from the Girls Achieve Power (GAP Year) trial across three South African townships

Gates Open Research ◽

10.12688/gatesopenres.13276.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 89

Author(s):

Alison Kutywayo ◽

Sasha Frade ◽

Tshepo Mahuma ◽

Nicolette Naidoo ◽

Saiqa Mullick

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Ecological Model ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Western Cape ◽

Psychological Violence ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adolescent Violence ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Gap Year

Background: South African adolescents experience disproportionally high rates of violence, with lifelong health, social and economic impacts. Few papers present risk factors associated with experiences of adolescent violence. Methods: A baseline cross-sectional survey was done (April 2017 – Sept 2018) with 3432 grade 8 learners in the Girls Achieve Power (GAP Year) trial from 26 high schools in three townships (Soweto and Tembisa, Gauteng and Khayelitsha, Western Cape). Collected data on lifetime experiences of different types of violence, perpetrators, and place of violence. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to enumerate experiences of, and factors associated with violence. Results: A total of 2383 respondents are included. Most (63.1%) were girls, 81.5% aged 12-14. In total 26% had ever experienced violence, higher among boys (p=<0.001). Physical violence was most common (35.7%), then psychological (21.8%), sexual (13.1%), neglect (10.6%), cyberbullying (7.6%), corporal punishment (6.5%) and economic abuse (4.8%). Boys experienced more physical violence (36.0%); girls experienced more psychological violence (22.2%). Gauteng had double the reports of sexual violence (18.4% vs 7.6%, p<0.001). Violence happened most at school (27.4%), followed by the park (19.8%) or their friends’ home (12.9%). Multivariate analysis showed that boys (aOR 1.57; 95% CV 1.27-1.94; p=0.000), those aged 15-17 years (aOR 1.41; 95% CV 1.07-1.84; p=0.013), those who ever used substances (aOR 1.92; 95% CI 1.54-2.37; p=0.000), and those who sometimes feel worthless (aOR 1.35; 95% CI 1.10-1.64, p=0.003) were at higher odds of ever experiencing violence. Those who had never had sex were less likely to have ever experienced violence (aOR 0.66; 95% CI 0.51-0.83; p=0.001). Conclusion: Urgently need wider adoption, scaling, and sustaining of evidence-based primary violence prevention and structural interventions are required to reduce the high burden of adolescent violence. Stakeholders across the ecological model are needed to tackle harmful cultural norms that perpetuate violence.

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Omfang av vold og seksuelle overgrep blant samer og ikke-samer

Vold i nære relasjoner i et mangfoldig Norge ◽

10.23865/noasp.99.ch7 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 127-144

Author(s):

Astrid Margrethe Anette Eriksen

Keyword(s):

Sexual Violence ◽

Ethnic Differences ◽

Interpersonal Violence ◽

Educational Level ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Population Based ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Family ◽

Living Area

Sami ethnicity has previously not been included in national population-based surveys. Hence, knowledge about violence and sexual abuse among the indigenous Sami in Norway has been sparse. This study is based on data from SAMINOR 2, a population-based, cross-sectional survey on health and living conditions in areas with both Sami and non-Sami in Central and Northern Norway. It includes a total of 11,296 participants: 2,197 (19.4 percent) Sami respondents and 9,099 non-Sami (80.6 percent) respondents. The aim was to assess the prevalence and investigate ethnic differences in sexual, physical, and emotional violence among a population of both Sami and non-Sami women and men. The results show that more Sami women reported emotional, physical, and sexual violence compared to non-Sami women. Almost half of the Sami women and one-third of the non-Sami women reported any lifetime violence. Sami men were more likely to report emotional and physical violence compared to non-Sami men. However, the ethnic differences in sexual violence among men were not significant. Over one-third of the Sami men reported any lifetime violence compared to less than a quarter of the non-Sami men, and most respondents reported violence in childhood. The findings indicate that Sami ethnicity is a risk factor for exposure to lifetime interpersonal violence. The differences remained significant after adjusting for age, educational level, living area, religion, and alcohol intake. For all types of violence, a known perpetrator outside the family was more commonly reported.

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Prevalence and socio-cultural determinants of domestic violence among married women in Thimphu, Bhutan

Bhutan Health Journal ◽

10.47811/bhj.07 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 39-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kencho Wangmo

Keyword(s):

Domestic Violence ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Population Based ◽

Married Women ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Adolescent Women

Introduction: Domestic violence is a public health problem all over the world, yet its prevalence is under-reported in a pervasive “culture of silence”. Bhutan is not likely to be an exception; however, data on the prevalence, forms and determinants of domestic violence are scant. The purpose of this study is to measure the prevalence and characterize factors associated with domestic violence among women in Thimphu, Bhutan’s capital. Methods: A population-based, household cross-sectional survey was conducted in January-May, 2012. A multistage sampling method was used to obtain a representative sample of 300 married women. The chi-square test was used to identify factors associated with increased likelihood of experiencing the four forms of domestic violence. Results: The overall prevalence of any domestic violence was 44%. By type of violence, the most common was emotional (36%), followed by control (30%), physical (20%) and sexual (14%). Sexual violence was reported more often by young adolescent women. Women from urban areas reported more emotional violence compared to women from rural areas. Women agreed with many situations in which force might be used by their husbands and with many of the traditional roles of women in society. Nonetheless, many women objected to the use of force in many situations and rejected certain constraining roles of women. Conclusions: This study supports the importance of advocacy for education and programs to prevent and mitigate harm from domestic abuse experienced by women in Bhutan.

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