Household air pollution, chronic respiratory disease and pneumonia in Malawian adults: A case-control study

Background:Four million people die each year from diseases caused by exposure to household air pollution. There is an association between exposure to household air pollution and pneumonia in children (half a million attributable deaths a year); however, whether this is true in adults is unknown. We conducted a case-control study in urban Malawi to examine the association between exposure to household air pollution and pneumonia in adults.Methods:Hospitalized patients with radiologically confirmed pneumonia (cases) and healthy community controls underwent 48 hours of ambulatory and household particulate matter (µg/m3) and carbon monoxide (ppm) exposure monitoring. Multivariate logistic regression, stratified by HIV status, explored associations between these and other potential risk factors with pneumonia.Results:145 (117 HIV-positive; 28 HIV-negative) cases and 253 (169 HIV-positive; 84 HIV-negative) controls completed follow up. We found no evidence of association between household air pollution exposure and pneumonia in HIV-positive (e.g. ambulatory particulate matter adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.00 [95% CI 1.00–1.01, p=0.141]) or HIV-negative (e.g. ambulatory particulate matter aOR 1.00 [95% CI 0.99–1.01, p=0.872]) participants. Chronic respiratory disease was associated with pneumonia in both HIV-positive (aOR 28.07 [95% CI 9.29–84.83, p<0.001]) and HIV-negative (aOR 104.27 [95% CI 12.86–852.35, p<0.001]) participants.Conclusions:We found no evidence that exposure to household air pollution is associated with pneumonia in Malawian adults. In contrast, chronic respiratory disease was strongly associated with pneumonia.

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Inverse association between dengue, chikungunya, and Zika virus infection and indicators of household air pollution in Santa Rosa, Guatemala: A case-control study, 2011-2018

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0234399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. e0234399

Author(s):

Zachary J. Madewell ◽

María Reneé López ◽

Andrés Espinosa-Bode ◽

Kimberly C. Brouwer ◽

César G. Sánchez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Virus Infection ◽

Zika Virus ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Household Air Pollution ◽

Inverse Association ◽

Zika Virus Infection ◽

Control Study

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Early life exposure to particulate matter air pollution (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) and autism in Shanghai, China: A case-control study

Environment International ◽

10.1016/j.envint.2018.10.026 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 121 ◽

pp. 1121-1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Gongbo Chen ◽

Zhijuan Jin ◽

Shanshan Li ◽

Xingming Jin ◽

Shilu Tong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Early Life ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Early Life Exposure ◽

Pm2.5 And Pm10 ◽

Control Study

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Meconium aspiration syndrome in infants of HIV-positive women: a case-control study

Journal of Perinatal Medicine ◽

10.1515/jpm-2014-0377 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Sachin K. Gupta ◽

Pam Haerr ◽

Richard David ◽

Alok Rastogi ◽

Suma Pyati

Keyword(s):

Case Control Study ◽

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome ◽

Case Control ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Meconium Aspiration ◽

Hiv Positive Women ◽

Maternal Hiv ◽

Maternal Hiv Infection ◽

Control Study ◽

Hiv Negative

AbstractOur aim was to determine whether maternal HIV infection in the current era is associated with an increased incidence of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) in their infants.Infants born to 149 HIV-positive women at our hospital over a 5-year period were compared with infants born to HIV-negative women in a retrospective case-control study. Charts of all 298 patients included in the study were reviewed for maternal and infant demographics, HIV treatment, vertical transmission and untoward events at delivery or during the hospital course.When compared with HIV-negative women, a greater proportion of HIV-positive women had meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF), 33% vs. 13%, P<0.001; and thick MSAF, 17% vs. 5%, P<0.001, respectively. Seven of 298 infants were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit for MAS; all seven were born to HIV-positive women (P=0.015). AlthoughInfants born to HIV-positive women had significantly more MSAF and MAS than infants born to non-infected women. It is unclear whether this association results from maternal HIV infection itself or from anti-retroviral therapy. Maternal and infant care providers should be prepared for this complication when attending to the deliveries of HIV-positive women.

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Characteristics of HIV-positive pregnant women and HIV- and antiretroviral therapy-exposed fetuses: A case-control study

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.11745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (08) ◽

pp. 901-907

Author(s):

Tung-Che Hung ◽

Li-Cheng Lu ◽

Mei-Hui Lin ◽

Yu-Chia Hu ◽

Chien-Yu Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Positive Group ◽

Hiv Positive Women ◽

Control Study ◽

Hiv Negative

Introduction: This study determined risk factors, obstetric comorbidities, and fetal conditions among HIV-positive mothers to improve their maternal care. Methodology: This retrospective case-control study included HIV-positive pregnant women 18 years of age or older and age-, parity-, and delivery method-matched HIV-negative controls between 2011 and 2018. Those who had stillbirth were excluded. Baseline demographics, labor process, CD4 count, plasma HIV viral load, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen were recorded. Fetal conditions were recorded as well. Results: Forty HIV-positive women (45 parities; 22 via NSD, 23 via C/S) were included, with 45 HIV-negative parities as controls. Twenty-nine (72.5%) HIV-positive women had illicit drug use. In the HIV-positive group, 17% received ART prior to first perinatal visit, and 75.6% reached viral suppression pre-delivery. Zidovudine and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir were the majorly prescribed ART. Mild perineal lacerations via NSD were observed in HIV-positive women. Fetal body weight was lower in HIV- and ART-exposed fetuses (2665 vs 3010 g, p < 0.001). Preterm delivery PTB (28.9% vs 8.9%, p= 0.015) and small-for gestational age SGA (28.9% vs 8.8%, p = 0.003) rates were higher in the HIV-positive group. There was no vertical transmission of HIV. Conclusions: HIV-positive women tend to deliver fetuses with low body weight and have higher SGA and PTB rates. Given that most women received zidovudine and protease inhibitors, benefits of newer agents for HIV-positive pregnancies should be studied.

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A case control study of HPV and abnormal cervical cytology among HIV infected and non infected females.

Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital ◽

10.3126/mjsbh.v16i2.18618 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Kavita Karmacharya ◽

Rajiv Batra ◽

Subramaniam Kandasamy

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Pap Smear ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Case Control ◽

Cervical Cytology ◽

Hiv Positive ◽

Abnormal Cervical Cytology ◽

Control Study ◽

Hiv Negative

Introduction: HPV is a known cause of abnormal cervical cytology and cervical cancer. The prevalence of cervical cancer among HIV infected women is higher. This study compared the prevalence of HPV and abnormal cervical cytology between HIV positive and negative females.Methods: In this case-control study, 100 consecutive HIV-positive females were included as cases and 75 HIV-negative females were taken as controls. Cervical smears and scrapes were taken for Pap smear and HPV DNA by PCR and compared.Results: Prevalence of HPV among HIV-positive females (35%; n=35) was higher than HIV-negatives (8%; n=6) and was statistically significant (<0.05). The incidence of LSIL, HSIL and ASCUS in the HIV-positive was 16%, 3%, 2% respectively and 5%, 2.5%, 1.3% respectively in the HIV-negative. LSIL lesion showed statistical significance (p <0.05) but HSIL and ASCUS lesions had no such significance (p values 0.65 and 0.56 respectively).Conclusions: A strong correlation was found between HPV positivity and abnormal cervical lesions diagnosed on cytology, especially among the HIV positive population especially LSILs. Therefore, screening of cervical cancer should include HPV identification and cervical cytology, especially among HIV positive women, so that prompt and appropriate treatment of HIV would help in reducing the prevalence of cervical cancer.

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Household Air Pollution (HAP) and Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: findings from a case-control study in Western Kenya

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isee.2020.virtual.o-os-599 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 (1) ◽

Author(s):

I. Cukic ◽

D. Menya ◽

E. Puzzolo ◽

V. Mccormack ◽

D. Pople

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Case Control ◽

Household Air Pollution ◽

Western Kenya ◽

Control Study

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Early childhood traffic-related air pollution and risk of allergic rhinitis at 2–4 years of age modification by family stress and male gender: a case-control study in Shenyang, China

Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine ◽

10.1186/s12199-021-00969-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shuai Hao ◽

Fang Yuan ◽

Pai Pang ◽

Bo Yang ◽

Xuejun Jiang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Air Pollution ◽

Allergic Rhinitis ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Family Stress ◽

Case Control ◽

Male Gender ◽

Exposure Level ◽

Early Exposure ◽

Control Study

Abstract Background Few studies have explored the modifications by family stress and male gender in the relationship between early exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and allergic rhinitis (AR) risk in preschool children. Methods We conducted a case-control study of 388 children aged 2–4 years in Shenyang, China. These children AR were diagnosed by clinicians. By using measured concentrations from monitoring stations, we estimated the exposures of particulate matter less than 10 μm in diameter (PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) in preschool children aged 2–4 years. After adjusted potential confounding factors, we used logistic regression model to evaluate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for childhood AR with exposure to different air pollutants according to the increasing of the interquartile range (IQR) in the exposure level. Results The prevalence of AR in children aged 2–4 years (6.4%) was related to early TRAP exposure. With an IQR (20 μg/m3) increase in PM10 levels, an adjusted OR was significantly elevated by 1.70 (95% CI, 1.19 to 2.66). Also, with an IQR (18 μg/m3) increase in NO2, an elevated adjusted OR was 1.85 (95% CI, 1.52 to 3.18). Among children with family stress and boys, PM10 and NO2 were positively related to AR symptoms. No significant association was found among children without family stress and girls. Conclusions Family stress and male gender may increase the risk of AR in preschool children with early exposure to PM10 and NO2.

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